OBJECTIVE: To prove that the neural stem cell can be separated from neural tissue in adult mammalian. Stem cells can separate and proliferate continually, and can divide further into neuron and glial cell. The uptodate researches of neural stem cells suggest a prospective approach to treat neurological diseases, i.e. the dysfunctional cells may be replaced with neural stem cells by transplantation for functional reconstruction. Therefore,many kinds of directional differentiative signal controlling of neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction.DATA SOURCES: Using the key term neural stem cell, differentiation,signal and cell transplantation, we searched the MEDLINE database plus the relevant articles in English language from January 1995 to August 2004. Meanwhile, using the key terms mentioned above, we searched Chinese journal full-text database, Wanfang database in Chinese language from January 1995 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: The articles on extracellular signal of the differentiation of neural stem cell with full summarization were selected.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 30 articles were eligible, and the relevant contents were compared and summarized. Eighteen articles were selected at last.DATA SYNTHESIS: All 18 articles contained different aspects of signal regulation of neural stem cell, including various key cellular factors and autogene regulation.CONCLUSION: Both cellular signals in vivo and in vitro can affect the cell differentiation. The vital problem to be solved is how to induce neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction so as to realize the aim of transplantation.

There is no unity in judgment of obesity at home and abroad.WHO considered that there should have different evaluation criteria from childhood below and above 10 years and recommended "weight for height" be used for children under the age of 10 and body mass index(BMI)for children aged 10 to 24 years old.International Obesity Task Organization(IOTF) recommended BMI be suitable for young children for judgment overweight and obesity.Both of them had the same BMI standards for overweight and obesity for 18-year-old,25 and 30 kg/m2,respectively.But the Working Group on Obesity of China(WGOC)developed a criterion which cut-offs in 18 years were lower than that of WHO and IOTF,24 and 28 kg/m2,respectively.The treatment of obesity in childhood was different from that in adults.Many methods used for adults such as surgical liposuction,slimming drugs,hunger therapies and fasting could not be appropriate for childhood.A combined treatment in childhood including behavior modification,diet adjustment and exercise was recognized domestically and internationally.

Objective To explore the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA) in neonatal rat with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were used for the Vannucci model of HIBD.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL),double immunostaining and immunoblot analysis were adapted to determin the expression of tPA at acute phase after HIBD and neural cell apoptosis and the blood-brain-barrier(BBB) damage.Results Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia triggers persistent induction of the plasminogen system.The increase of tPA activity induced the degradation of laminin and occludin which would aggravate the BBB damage.The number of neural cell apoptosis after HIBD increased progressively with the reperfusion time.Conclusions The increase of tPA at the acute phase after HIBD can help clot to dissolve,while its extravascular proteolysis will induce cell apoptosis and BBB damage which will aggravate brain injury.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of mifepristone complex combination of uterine fibroids suffer psychological intervention.Methods70 patients of uterine fibroids from January 2014 to January 2015, were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 35 cases.The control group psychological intervention group conventional therapy based on the use of mifepristone treatment, the control group were treated with conventional therapy alone psychological intervention, recording and analysis of therapeutic effect of two groups of patients.ResultsThe patients with hemoglobin levels and fibroid volume were (99.57±10.46)g/L, (69.65±10.25)cm3 after treatment than the control group (89.94±9.15)g/L, (142.06±12.49)cm3, and the difference was significant (P<0.05);after treatment observation group total effective rate was 80.0%, higher than 57.14%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).ConclusionMifepristone combined with psychological intervention uterus Efficacy fibroids sure, exactly, compared with the individual application of psychological intervention no significant adverse reactions, can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with uterine fibroids.

Objective: To understand the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma researches in worldwide, and to study the development feasibility of professional journal on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: The literatures on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were systematically retrieved from databases of SCI (Science Citation Index) from 1999 to 2012, and the data of publishing time, journal title, article type, language, research area, first author, correspondence author, district, and fund, etc were collected and bibliometricly analyzed.Results: An increasing trend of paper publication was detected, corresponding with linear and exponential growth pattern. Journal distribution was accordance with Brad Ford’s law; the literatures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assembling and parting distribution. The first author distribution conformed to Lotka’s law; whereas, the correspondence author distribution did not. Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan occupied an important position in respect of first author, correspondence author and fund.Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma study needs professional journals bearing a larger number of scientific research achievements, and journals run in China, where the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidences was reported the highest in the world, may promote the development of this subject.

Objective To observe and discusses the application of larger-bore autologous arteriovenous fistula as dialysis pathways in diabetes patients with chronic renal failure. Methods 86 cases of diabetic patients with chronic renal failure were divided into elderly group and non-elderly group. The patients within each group were assigned randomly into Experimental subgroup and control subgroup. Patients underwent wrist autogenous arteriovenous fistula angioplasty.The surgical method was end to side anastomosis between cephalic vein and radial artery. Vertical incision on the radial artery is about 0.7 cm-0.8 cm in the control subgroup and vertical incision on the radial artery is about 1.0 cm-1.1cm in the experimental subgroup. Results The success rate of the operation in experimental subgroup(90.9%, 95.2%) was significantly higher than that of control group(77.3%, 85.7%). The differences were significant (P<0.05). There was no heart failure in the patients underwent surgery. Conclusions In diabetes patients with chronic renal failure need autogenous arteriovenous fistula angioplasty. Properly increasing the diameter of anastomosis can meet the demand on blood flow of hemodialysis without increase complication of heart failure.

Vascular surgery is a new and course crossing medical science and has developed rapidly in recent years.The patients of vascular surgery have become more and more and are usually diagnosed incorrectly,so we should put emphasis on vascular surgery teaching and take advantage of multimedia,real demonstration and so on.

OBJECTIVE To learn the effect of performance management to enhance the proper administration of antibiotics in hospital.METHODS The performance management was applied in the proper administration of antibiotics usage.It included perfected regulation system,established the standard of the performance management,enhanced monitoring,analyzed the popular trend of drug-resistant bacteria,educated the medical staff and guided their appropriate antibiotics usage.RESULTS After taking the performance management in the administration of antibiotics,the rate of the antibiotics usage decreased from 55.1% to 44.2% and the rate of hospital infection decreased from 5.26% to 4.69%.The drug-resistant bacteria ratio obviously repressed.CONCLUSIONS Application of the performance management(a modern science management measure) in the proper administration of antibiotics usage is effective.

0.05),PD and AL were decreased in 1 year(P

Objective To improve diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Method From January 1998 to October 2008, 23 cases of bladder cancer with clinical data were reviewed. Results Two patients were lost to follow-up, 21 patients were followed up from 5 months to 10 years,with one-year survival in 10 cases (47%), two-year survival in 7 patients (33%), five-year survival in 4 cases (19%) . All patients Survived more than 5 years were in with early stage. Conclusions Early diagnosis and suitable operation mode can help to improve the prognosis of patients.