OBJECTIVE: To prove that the neural stem cell can be separated from neural tissue in adult mammalian. Stem cells can separate and proliferate continually, and can divide further into neuron and glial cell. The uptodate researches of neural stem cells suggest a prospective approach to treat neurological diseases, i.e. the dysfunctional cells may be replaced with neural stem cells by transplantation for functional reconstruction. Therefore,many kinds of directional differentiative signal controlling of neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction.DATA SOURCES: Using the key term neural stem cell, differentiation,signal and cell transplantation, we searched the MEDLINE database plus the relevant articles in English language from January 1995 to August 2004. Meanwhile, using the key terms mentioned above, we searched Chinese journal full-text database, Wanfang database in Chinese language from January 1995 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: The articles on extracellular signal of the differentiation of neural stem cell with full summarization were selected.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 30 articles were eligible, and the relevant contents were compared and summarized. Eighteen articles were selected at last.DATA SYNTHESIS: All 18 articles contained different aspects of signal regulation of neural stem cell, including various key cellular factors and autogene regulation.CONCLUSION: Both cellular signals in vivo and in vitro can affect the cell differentiation. The vital problem to be solved is how to induce neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction so as to realize the aim of transplantation.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features and treatment method of adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 5 cases with adrenal cortical eosinophic tumor.Results Among the 5 cases,1 case looked female male-driven,1 case demonstrated cortisol dysrhythmias with cortisol increase combined Cushing syndrome,3 cases of no specific demonstrations,tumor sized 13 cm × 12 cm × 10 cm to 8.0 cm ×6.0 cm ×5.5 cm.Capsule was found complete,and no adhesion.Incision cut appeared gray,trypan-blue and cytoplasm contained rich acidophilus grain,the nuclei were large with a mild alien,fission were rare.Two cases were found immunohistochemical NSE ( + ),VIM ( + ).No relapse and metastasis were found after tumor resection.Conclusions Adrenal cortical eosinophil tumor is clinically rare,mostly being the occasional tumors.In general the tumor size is larger,more being benign tumor,growing quickly.Surgical resection is the first choice for the treatment of the disease,with good prognosis.Postoperative follow-up is needed.

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological features and the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM),to deepen understanding in the disease.Method s Diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases of ureteral AAM from January 1991 to January 2011.Results Three cases of ureteral AAM were female,post-operative pathological diagnosis was made,no recurrence occurred during follow up.Conclusions Ureteral AAM is rare,occur frequently in women,with clinical symptoms hidden,not typical.Diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Attention should be paid to differential diagnosis from soft tissue and other mucinous tumors.Surgery is not easy and complete,with disease easy to relapse after surgery.

OBJECTIVE To learn the effect of performance management to enhance the proper administration of antibiotics in hospital.METHODS The performance management was applied in the proper administration of antibiotics usage.It included perfected regulation system,established the standard of the performance management,enhanced monitoring,analyzed the popular trend of drug-resistant bacteria,educated the medical staff and guided their appropriate antibiotics usage.RESULTS After taking the performance management in the administration of antibiotics,the rate of the antibiotics usage decreased from 55.1% to 44.2% and the rate of hospital infection decreased from 5.26% to 4.69%.The drug-resistant bacteria ratio obviously repressed.CONCLUSIONS Application of the performance management(a modern science management measure) in the proper administration of antibiotics usage is effective.

0.05),PD and AL were decreased in 1 year(P

Objective To explore the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA) in neonatal rat with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were used for the Vannucci model of HIBD.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL),double immunostaining and immunoblot analysis were adapted to determin the expression of tPA at acute phase after HIBD and neural cell apoptosis and the blood-brain-barrier(BBB) damage.Results Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia triggers persistent induction of the plasminogen system.The increase of tPA activity induced the degradation of laminin and occludin which would aggravate the BBB damage.The number of neural cell apoptosis after HIBD increased progressively with the reperfusion time.Conclusions The increase of tPA at the acute phase after HIBD can help clot to dissolve,while its extravascular proteolysis will induce cell apoptosis and BBB damage which will aggravate brain injury.

Objective: To understand the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma researches in worldwide, and to study the development feasibility of professional journal on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: The literatures on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were systematically retrieved from databases of SCI (Science Citation Index) from 1999 to 2012, and the data of publishing time, journal title, article type, language, research area, first author, correspondence author, district, and fund, etc were collected and bibliometricly analyzed.Results: An increasing trend of paper publication was detected, corresponding with linear and exponential growth pattern. Journal distribution was accordance with Brad Ford’s law; the literatures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assembling and parting distribution. The first author distribution conformed to Lotka’s law; whereas, the correspondence author distribution did not. Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan occupied an important position in respect of first author, correspondence author and fund.Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma study needs professional journals bearing a larger number of scientific research achievements, and journals run in China, where the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidences was reported the highest in the world, may promote the development of this subject.

Objective To evaluate diagnosis and treatment of the renal echinococcosis and routes of transmission.Methods From February 1993 to December 2008 the 17 cases of renal echinococcosis in the hospital were analyzed .Results The 17 cases all had a longer living in pastoral areas contact history with animals the three tests of echinococcosis and B ultrasound.CT diagnosis were in accord as 83.2% and 85%and 94%respectivily.Fifteen cases in 17 cases were definitely diagnosied preoperatively.17 cases with oral administration of albendazole after surgery,2 with nephrectomy,4 with surgery to remove kidney echinoosccosis cyst,remaining 11 with capsule itotal cystectomy without relapse during follow-up.Two cages of recurrence 4 patients with routine surgery to remove kidney echinococcosis cyst.Conclusions The epidemiological inspection,immunology and B ultrasound examination,CT examination are main methods for diagnosis of rencel echinococcosis.Nephrectomy,or kidney capsule total cystectomy and postoperative oral administration of albendazole are effective to reduce recurrence.

Objective To improve diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Method From January 1998 to October 2008, 23 cases of bladder cancer with clinical data were reviewed. Results Two patients were lost to follow-up, 21 patients were followed up from 5 months to 10 years,with one-year survival in 10 cases (47%), two-year survival in 7 patients (33%), five-year survival in 4 cases (19%) . All patients Survived more than 5 years were in with early stage. Conclusions Early diagnosis and suitable operation mode can help to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the joint ureteroscope U100 laser lithotripsy in treatment of children with u rinary stone.Methods Fifteen Cases of children established access ostomy through percutaneous renal puncture,5 cases of children established access ostomy via bladder puncture,3 patients conducted Lithotripsy under the direct observation.Results Twenty-three cases were with successful puncture and laser lithotripsy treatment.After re view of 19 cases no stone Was found,with a Success rate of 82.6%,4 cases with residual stones,of which 3 cases from the original ostomy and removed after second lithotripsy,and 1 case self-discharged,surgery averaged 45 mi nutes,hospitalization averaged 8 days.There waft no surgical complications.Conclusion The joint ureteroscope U100 laser lithotripsy treatment of children with urinary tract stones is fast,safe,effective,less traumatic,easy to operate,with ideal treatment outcomes.