Objective To investigate the key points of nursing during the course of breast tumor excision by endoscope. Method Summarized the nursing points of 24 patients who have accepted the breast tumor excision by endoscope. Results The key points of successful operation were sufficient preparation before the operation, the special skills of nurses, exactly and quickly transfer instruments and expert cooperation. Conclusion Paving attention on psychological nursing, the correct and skillful nursing care can reduce the operation time, and then make sure the successful operation.

Objective To investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods 15 patients who were diagnosed as pulmonary cryptococcosis were retrospectively studied,all of them were examined by sputum smear,X ray,CT and EBUS-TBNA.Results 15 patients who received EBUS-TBNA were diagnosed pulmonary cryptococcosis by pathological methods and germiculture,during the process no complication was detected.Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a safe and effective means in the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis for pulmonary cryptococcosis patients hard to be diagnosed clinically.

Chronic constipation(CC)is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment of CC includes drug and non-drug treatment. Biofeedback(BF)is a psychological behavior therapy and has become the first-line therapy of CC. However,the efficacy of BF reported varied substantially. This article reviewed the evaluation of efficacy of BF on CC.

Left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)describes a rare cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses.It is one of the three major cardiomyopathies among children.LVNC can have different inheritance patterns, including X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, and mitochondrial inheritance.Mutations in genes encoding sarcomere or cytoskeletal proteins have been identified as causes of LVNC.As a comprehensive cardiac event with serious complications such as life threatening arrhythmias, heart failure and thromboembolism, LVNC is mainly diagnosed through echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and other examinations.Early improvement of genetic evaluation, screening of family members for the mutation, close follow-up of high-risk patients, and early management of complications will help to improve patients′ quality of life and prognosis.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) resulted from thoracic cord transection on the urinary bladder spinal neural pathway.Methods76 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, non-SCI, SCIa, SCIb and SCIc respectively. The non-SCI rats underwent no surgical procedure except Pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracer injection into the bladder tissue, while the rats of other groups were spinalized and given PRV injection at different time after SCI. Transcardiac perfusion fixation was done in appropriate survival periods after PRV injection. Then sections of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord were processed for visualization of virus by the Streptavidin-Peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical procedure. All sections were measured with the Olympus Cue-2 image analysis system.ResultsThe bladder weights in SCIb and SCIc groups markedly increased (P<0.001). The time-ordered flow charts of PRV tracing were similar in the non-SCI rats and in the SCI rats. The cross-sectional area of the labeled DRG cell profiles increased significantly after SCI (P<0.001). The number of labeled cells in dorsal horn in L6 and S1 segments 3 days after PRV injection markedly increased in chronic SCI rats, and so did the number of labeled motor neurons 4 days post-injection. ConclusionThe acute and chronic SCI have little effect on the process of virus transneuronal transport below the level of lesion. Subsequent to chronic SCI, marked reorganization of the micturition reflex pathways occurs.

SALL4 gene is closely related to body malformations related diseases, embryonic stem cell development, and hematopoietic malignancies. SALL4 can activate hematopoietic stem cell through Wnt signaling pathways, and promote continued proliferation of leukemia stem cells, leading to leukemia. In-depth study of SALL4 gene and its protein function will help clarify the pathogenesis of leukemia, providing a new target for the treatment of leukemia.

Objective To discuss the reasonable utilization of β-lactam antibiotics in patients with renal failure on hemedialysis. Methods The clinical characteristics of patients with renal failure on hemodylysis,who de-veloped the adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom while being treated with β-lactam antibiotics,were retrospectively analyzed. Results The adverse effect of nervous system and psychiatric symptom showed dur-ing and after hemodialysis,including: mental confusion,hyperexcitabiliy,incoherent speech,lethargy and amyestasia in two cases. Physical examination did not show signs of cerebral focal injury in all cases. Computed tomography of brain in 7 patients did not show acute lesions. The symptoms completely disappeared after withdrawal of β-lactam antibiotics but bemodialysis or hemodiafiltration continued. Conclusion β-lactam antibiotics used in conventional dose could cause temporary adverse effect of nervous system in patients with renal failure on bemodialysis,which is related to prolongation of drug half life.

The reversed-phase high-performance chromatography was developed for determing the content of berberine, palmatine, emodin and chlorogenic acid in Xiaoerniuhuang Powder on ODS column. The powder samples extracted with methanol were determined separatly at their particular absorption points using external standard method.This method had advantages of perfect separatin, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and simple operation.

Objective To screen the influencing factors related to prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). Methods Series of parameters of 154 elderly patients with pneumonia or COPD exacerbation were collected before using ventilator, after weaning of ventilator or at the 21st day of ventilating, respectively. Results By single factor analysis, PMV related to not only age, lying on bed, white blood cell, neutrophil, P (A-a)O 2, BUN, Cr, upper digestive tract bleeding, heart rate(HR), and blood pressure(BP) before using ventilator, but also related to heart function and consciousness after ventilator weaning or ventilating for 21 days. By multiple factor analysis, age, P (A-a) O 2 , heart function when ventilating for 21 days were related to PMV. Age≥82.0, P (A-a)O 2 ≥95.0 mm Hg, heart function≥grade 3 were high risk factors of PMV. Furthermore, it was found that the accuracy rate for meeting with those three parameters among 8 elderly patients with PMV was 87.5%. Conclusions Age, P (A-a)O 2 and heart function when ventilating for 21 days might be the independent factors of PMV.

Objective To investigate the receptor involved in the TNF?induced HO-1 expression and the related signal transduction mechanisms in the brain microvessel endothelial cells.Methods TNF? receptor 1(TNFR1)knockout murine brain microvessel endothelial cells(BMVECs)in vitro culture were stimulated respectively by TNF?(5ng/ml).After 24 hours,the level of HO-1 gene mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR,the effect of TNF?on JNK 、ERK or transcription factor AP-1 were analyzed by Western blot,while ERK inhibitor(PD98059)or JNK inhibitor(SP600125)were used.Results Exposure of wild-type BMVECs and TNFR1(p55)knockout BMVECs [BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-)] to TNF?(5ng/ml,24 h)caused a marked increase in HO-1 mRNA expression.Furthermore,TNF? stimulation also lead to the activation of JNK,ERK and the transcription factor AP-1 in the BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-),However,incubation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 but not the ERK inhibitor PD98095 attenuated the TNF?-induction of HO-1 in the BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-).Conclusions TNFR2 and JNK activation but not TNFR1 might be essential for mediating the TNF?-induction of the HO-1 in the endothelial cells.