Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii ,and to investigate the changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance of these strains isolated during 2012 - 2014 .Methods Strains of Pseud‐omonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from January 2012 to December 2014 were collected .Antimicrobial suscep‐tibility of clinical isolates was tested by Kirby‐Bauer method .Results In the past three years ,214 strains of Pseudomonas aerugino‐sa and 347 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated .The nosocomial infection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased year by year ,while the Acinetobacter baumannii ′s increased .Most strains were isolated from sputum ,wound secretion and urine . The strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were distributed in various departments of the hospital .The detection rates of these strains were the highest in ICU ,respectively 27 .6% and 34 .9% .Both the resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftazidime ,imipenem ,Amikacin and Acinetobacter baumannii to Piperacillin/Tazobactam and imipenem had in‐creased ,while the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to polymyxin B had decreased with each passing year .Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii causes severe nosocomial infections and the antimicrobial resistance rates in‐creased ,especially the resistance rates to carbapenem are becoming more higher in recent years .Acinetobacter baumannii shows strong antibacterial activity in vitro to Polymyxin B .Therefore ,antimicrobial resistance surveillance should be strengthened to direct rational use of antibiotics .

Objective:To develop the uniformity models for felodipine sustalned-release tablets from 3 manufacturers by NIRS in order to study the difference in the preparation technology and detect and screen the tablets quickly by the robust, accurate and repre-sentative models. Methods:The uniformity models for the tablets from 3 manufacturers among 6 manufacturers with evaluative casual inspection were established by NIRS. Region 4 000-9 000 cm-1 was chosen as the modeling section, and the first derivative plus vector normalization was used as the preprocessing method. Results:The uniformity models for the tablets from the three manufacturers was established and used to predict the samplings from the six manufacturers. The prediction success rate was 100%. Conclusion: NIRS can be used to identify felodipine sustalned-release tablets from different manufacturers quickly and study the preparation technology.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical values of serum procalcitonin (PCT)and high sensitivity C-reac-tive protein (hs-CRP)levels for predicting the blood culture positivity in the patients with sepsis.Methods 132 adult patients with sepsis were enrolled in this study.Blood cultures were performed before the antibacterial therapy.The white blood cell (WBC) count,absolute neutrophil count(ANC),levels of PCT and hs-CRP were determined.The application value of PCT and hs-CRP for predicting the positive blood culture results were evaluated.Results The median serum PCT levels in the blood culture positive group and the blood culture negative group were 7.92 ng/mL and 0.95 ng/mL respectively,the difference had statistical signifi-cance(P <0.01).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves showed that PCT had a higher predictive accuracy for blood culture positivity compared with hs-CRP,the area under the curve (AUC)was 0.810(P =0.001)and 0.690(P =0.274),respec-tively.The combined detection of PCT and hs-CRP for predicting the blood culture positive results was similar to the performance of PCT alone,AUC as 0.885 (P =0.001 ).The median cut point of PCT was 0.91 ng/mL,the sensitivity of PCT for predicting blood culture positivity was 90%.This sensitivity remained unchanged when PCT cut point was1.14ng/mL.Using the PCT cut points of 0.91 and 1.14 enabled reducing the submitted blood cultures by 51% and 56% respectively.Conclusion Compared with hs-CRP,serum PCT level could better predict the blood culture positivity in the patients with sepsis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors, clinical and angiographic features of women aged 50 or less with coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods One hundred and seventy-three female CAD patients comifrmed by coronary angiographic aged 50 or less were classiifed as group A, while another 494 non-CAD women aged 50 or less as group B. The differences in CAD risk factors, clinical and angiographic features between the 2 groups were analyzed. Results There were more women with diabetes, positive CAD family history, dyslipidemia or hypertension (especially diastolic hypertension) in group A than in group B. Patient in group A had higher diastolic pressures and serum glucose level than those in group B but both groups had similar body weights, systolic pressures and menopause ages. The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in patients in group A than those in group B while high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A levels were lower in group A. The low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein B were higher in group A than in group B but without signiifcance. There were more women with positive urine protein in group A than in group B. In group A, more than 50%of patients were with single diseased artery while another 15%with slight coronary artery atherosclerosis or even normal arteries. Most of the lesions were found in left anterior descending artery (LAD) and its branches. Conclusions Risk factors of CAD included diabetes, positive CAD family history, dyslipidemia, hypertension(especially diastolic hypertension) and positive urine protein in women aged 50 or less Menopause alone, without other CAD risk factors, would not lead to CAD. Single vessel disease was more commonly found in this group of patients.

The paper reports the systematic study on felodipine and its impurities in tablets, to improve its quality standards for the control of the related substances. HPLC-DAD, UPLC-MS, IR and NMR methods were used for the isolation of felodipine and its impurities in tablets, their identification and the zebrafish animal model was used for the analysis of the toxic impurities. In felodipine material and its tablets, three impurities are isolated and identified. They are impurity 1 [dimethyl 4-(2, 3-dichlorophenyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate], impurity 2 [ethyl methyl 4-(2, 3-dichlorophenyl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate] and impurity 3 [diethyl 4-(2, 3-dichlorophenyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate], separately. The result of zebrafish animal model analysis showed that the teratogenic effects of four compounds were: impurity 3 > or = felodipine > impurity 1 > impurity 2, lethal effects were as follows: impurity 2 = impurity 3 > felodipine > or = impurity 1. This study confirmed the toxicity of three impurities in felodipine. According to the results, the paper suggested the amendments to the standard of the medicine and provided the support to the control of impurities in the manufacturing process.

A new method for chiral separation and purity inspection of landiolol hydrochloride and its stereoisomers was developed by ultra-performance convergence chromatography ( UPC2 ) . The mobile phase was the mixture of supercritical CO2 and methanol/n-butyl alcohol/acetonitrile (1:1:1, V/V) plus 0. 5%NH3?H2O. The separation was carried out on the Daicel CHIRALPAK? IF column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 3 μm) with a flow rate of 2. 8 mL/min at 50℃ using 223 nm as detection wavelength. Under the optimized experimental conditions, for R,R-stereoisomer, R,S-stereoisomer and S,R-stereoisomer, the detection limits (LOD, S/N=3) were 0. 3, 0. 4 and 0. 3 mg/L, the linear ranges were 2-300 mg/L, 5-300 mg/L and 2-300 mg/L, the recoveries of spike samples were 103. 4%±2. 5%, 91. 8%±2. 5% and 101. 7%±1. 5%, and the injection repeatabilities were 0. 06%, 0. 09% and 0. 08% (n=6), respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the UPC2-based method can be used for the analysis and determination of landiolol hydrochloride and its stereoisomers.

ObjectiveTo explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of the schizophrenic patients with aggressive or violent behaviors.MethodsAccess the aggressive behaviors of schizophrenic patients being treated in hospitals or clinics with the revised MOAS in accordance with the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria,and sort the qualified patients into two groups:the group of aggressive or violent schizophrenia (Aggressive Group,n=70) and the group of non-aggressive or non-violent schizophrenia ( Non-Aggressive Group,n =65 ) ; 60 age- and gendermatched healthy people were collected as Healthy Group.P300 tests were carried out on patients in these three groups with the MEB-9200 Nicolet Bravo Instrument by the Nihon Kohden Corporation.Results ( 1 ) latency P3a of the Aggressive Group on Cz point exceeded that of the Non-Aggressive Group (P =0.01 ),and that of the Non-Aggressive Group exceeded that of the Healthy Group.All these disparities were of statistical significance (P ＜0.01 ).Latency P3a of the Aggressive Group on Fz point exceeds that of the Non-Aggressive Group,and that of the Non-Aggressive Group exceeded that of Healthy Group.All these disparities are also of stafistical significance (P＜0.01).(2)N2' amplitude of the Aggressive Group on Cz point was higher than those of the Non-Aggressive Group and the Healthy Group.This disparity was of statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05 ) and the disparity between the Non-Aggressive Group and the Healthy Group did not have statistical significance (P =0.985 ).ConclusionCharacteristic electrophysiological changes exist in the event-related potentials P300 of schizophrenic patients with aggressive or violent behaviors.

Objective:To determine and investigate the stability of ginkgo biloba extract injection from three different manufactur-ers respectively in 0.9% NaCl infusion and 5% glucose infusion under different conditions (room temperature, high temperature and light). Methods:Ginkgo biloba extract injection was mixed with the two kinds of infusions,and then divided into the normal tempera-ture group,the high temperature group and the light group. The appearance,insoluble particles,pH and content of flavonoids after the relevant treatment were investigated. The appearance and insoluble particles were tested according to the characteristics of the inspec-tion method described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,volume IV,the general rule),and the content of flavonoids was detec-ted by HPLC-UV. Results:All the mixed solutions were yellow. No significant changes were found in the appearance,pH value,in-soluble particles and contents of quercetin and isorhamnetin in all the mixed solutions in 24 h. The pH value of the mixed solution with 5% glucose infusion was lower than that with 0.9% NaCl infusion,and all the pH values met the standard in Chinese Pharmacopeias. The kaemphenol content in the injection from Shenwei pharmaceutical company was higher than that from the other manufacturers, while the content of kaemphenol in all the injections was within the standard range. Conclusion:The quality of Ginkgo biloba extract injection from the three different manufacturers is stable under different conditions.

Objective: The molecular classification system of endometrial carcinoma (EC) in ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’ is widely acknowledged for its prognostic utility. Subsequently, more simplified classification system that incorporate DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) exonuclease domain mutations, mismatch repair deficiencies (MMRd), and abnormal p53 (P53abn) has also demonstrated its clinical utility. These classifications helped identifying a ‘POLE ultramutated’ (POLEmut) category of patients, most of whom show excellent prognoses despite having high-grade ECs. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of high-grade ECs with POLEmut. Methods: We investigated 414 patients with high-grade ECs (including endometrioid carcinomas grade 3, serous carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, mixed carcinomas, undifferentiated and dedifferentiated carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas) by sequencing and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Forty-three tumors (10.4%) were classified as POLEmut, including 2 with new, possibly pathogenic POLE mutations at P286C and L424V. These patients had very good prognoses except for 1 with stage IV disease and residual tumor. Eleven patients in this group also had P53abn and 4 had MMRd; molecular analysis revealed that patients with synchronous POLE pathogenic mutation and other mutations had a POLEmut or MMRd phenotype; survival analysis found no difference in prognosis between these patient categories. The prognoses of patients in the POLEmut EC group were not significantly influenced by treatment or risk category. Conclusions Patients with high-grade EC exhibiting POLEmut have very good clinical outcomes, and should be identified urgently in daily work owing to their conflicting morphology. Our findings also provide guidance on subclassifying ECs with poor histological appearance.

BACKGROUNDThe expressive level of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is elevated and correlated with resistance of chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer cell. However, little is known about the relationship between its expression and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between drug resistance and the expression of GRP78 in NSCLC.

METHODSDrug sensitivity test was used to detect the resistance to 8 chemotherapy drugs in 52 NSCLC fresh surgical samples by methylthiazoletrazolium (MTT), and expression of GRP78 was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Spearman correlation assay was used to investigate the correlation between the GRP78 expression and drug resistance.

RESULTSThe resistance rates to paclitaxel (PTX), adriamycin (ADM), carboplatin (CBP), topotecan (TPT), navelbine (NVB), vincristine (VCR), cisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (VP-16) of the 52 samples were 42.31%, 57.69%, 63.46%, 65.38%, 67.31%, 73.08%, 78.85%, 90.38%, respectively. Fourteen cases showed the complete resistance to the total 8 chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, the expression of GRP78 was stronger in poorly differentiated cancer as compared with the well and moderately differentiated cancer (P < 0.05), so as in stage II and III cancer than in stage I cancer (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation assay showed that there was a correlation between the chemotherapeutics resistance to ADM, VP-16, VCR, TPT and the expression of GRP78 in NSCLC (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIt is feasible to detect the drug sensitivity to chemotherapy for tumor cells by MTT method. The results of chemosensitivity assay in vitro are indicative of clinical drug administration in NSCLC. The detection of GRP78 isalso indicative of the resistance to chemotherapy drugs and the differentiation and the clinical stage in NSCLC.