Because of the rapid action and high bioavailability, traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) had been widely used in clinical critical field. In recent years, with the increasing reports of clinical adverse reaction, more and more attention was paid to them, and acute allergic reaction was the main adverse reaction. Acute allergic reaction included type-I anaphylaxis reaction and anaphylactoid reaction, the latter had been found in a variety of TCMIs and accounted for 77% of adverse reaction. But the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction was not completely understood, the standard animal model for TCMIs was not established, and the technical guidance for anaphylactoid reaction was not formulated. Thus the three aspects included mechanism, evaluation index and evaluation methods of TCMIs for anaphylactoid were reviewed. Five ways including direct stimulating pathway, complement pathway, coagulation pathway, kallikrein-kinin pathway and acute allergic pathway were the main mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction; whole animal model and cell model were the main evaluation methods; the occurrence index and effect index were reviewed for the evaluation index analysis.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

The anti-mutation effect of flesh of clam Merectix meretrix Linnaeus was studied . The increase in the rate of micronuclei of mice bone -marrow polychromatic erythrocytes induced by Cy (25 mg/kg X 2d, ip) or Ur (0. 5 g/kg X 4d , ip) was inhibited by decoctio of flesh of Meretrix merelrix Linnaeus (20g/kgX7d, ig).

Objective To explore the effect of NF-?B activation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat Kupffer cells(KCs). Methods KCs were divided randomly into three groups. A group was control group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS in B group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS and PDTC in C group. NF-?B activity of KCs was determined with EMSA. Content of I-?B protein in KCs was detected with western blot. Expression levels of TNF-? mRNA, IL-6 mRNA of KCs were measured with RT-PCR. Results LPS induced NF-?B activation of KCs, decreased I-?B content of KCs, and increased expression levels of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA markedly. PDTC could diminish the above effects of LPS on KCs. Conclusions NF-?B activation induced by LPS may induce cell injury by promoting expressions of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in KCs. PDTC could decrease mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators by suppressing excessive NF-?B activation in KCs.

Objective To explore the role of endotoxin during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats. Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into endotoxin, HIR and HIR plus endotoxin (HIRE) groups. In the HIR group, hepatic reperfusion was performed after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the rat liver. In the HIRE group, LPS(1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of rat penis after ischemia and reperfusion. In the endotoxin group, LPS (1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of penis in the rats without ischemia and reperfusion. The NF-?B activities in the liver tissue of the rats were determined with EMSA. TNF-? expression levels in the liver tissue of the were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Serum ALT levels of the rats were also measured. Results NF-?B activity increased after reperfusion and remained high 12h after reperfusion in HIRE group compared with endotoxin group and HIR group. Both TNF-? expression levels and serum ALT levels increased markedly after reperfusion in HIRE group. Conclusion Endotoxin during HIR could induce hepatic injury. Endotoxin induced liver injury possibly by activating NF-?B followed by the subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators in the liver tissue.

Objective To develop a mobile application and to investigate the feasibility to support exercising in patients with chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease (COPD) in home. Methods TheCOPDmobile application include 6 function modules including exercising, exercising reminder, ranking, the basic knowledge of disease, exercising statistics and questionnaire collecting. 15 eligible patients with COPD were recruited in the outpatient departments of a tertiary hospital in Beijing by convenience sampling method from August to Decem-ber, 2015. They received Redmi 2a phones and were taught to use COPD application pre-installed in phones. They were asked to useCOPDapplication to support exercising at home for 1 month. Study outcomes included user satisfactions and exercising data. Results 14 (93.3%) patients thoughtCOPDapplications were helpful for exercising, 12 (80%) patients were satisfied withCOPDapplication. Some patients reported difficulty in manipulating smartphones and mobile applications. Some suggestions were put forward, such as, the stability and speed of data transmission should be improved and the sound of metronome should be increased. They exercised (44.6±8.4) minutes ev-ery day for (4.9±1.1) days per week in the latest 1 month. Conclusion Patients with COPD were highly satisfied withCOPDapplication.

AIM:To observe the influence of high expression of miR-15a-5p on the proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.METHODS: The miR-15a-5p oligonucleotide , which was recon-structed with additional restriction sites of EcoRⅠand HindⅢ, was chemically synthesized and confirmed by sequencing . The miR-15a-5p eukaryotic expression system was constructed by pcDNA 6.2-GW/Em-GFP-pre-miR-15a-5p plasmid.The miR-15a-5p was transfected into the SMMC-7721 cells transiently by plasmid , and quantified by quantitative real-time PCR at the mRNA level.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the living cell counting was performed by the method of Trypan blue exclusion .The migration ability of the SMMC-7721 cells with high expression of miR-15a-5p was de-tected by wound healing test .RESULTS: The sequence of miR-15a-5p oligonucleotide 100% matched the designed se-quence.Compared with control group , the miR-15a-5p expression was increased significantly (P<0.05).The viability, the living cell number and the migration ability of the SMMC-7721 cells were decreased in high expression of miR-15a-5p group with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The abilities of proliferation and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells are decreased by high expression of miR-15a-5p.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy differences between dog-days medicinal vesiculation and regular-day medicinal vesiculation for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), and observe their effects on serum immune globulin E (IgE) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).

METHODSSeventy-two patients were randomly divided into a dog-days moxibustion group (34 cases) and a regular-day moxibustion group (38 cases). In the dog-days moxibustion group, medicinal vesiculation was applied on the 1st dog-day, 2nd dog-day and last dog-day in summer by lunar calendar, 3 treatments per dog-day for totally 9 times. In the regular-day moxibustion group, the moxibustion was given on the regular day for continuous 9 times. The symptom score, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) and the level of IgE and IL-4 were compared before and after treatment in two groups; the short-term and two-year efficacy evaluation were performed too.

RESULTSThe short-term total effective rate was 88.2% (30/34) in the dog-days moxibustion group, which was not significantly different to 86.8% (33/38) in the regular-day moxibustion group (P>0.05). The long-term total effective rate was 97.1% (33/34) in the dog-days moxibustion group, which was significantly superior to 81.6% (31/38) in the regular-day moxibustion group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum IgE, IL-4 and RQLQ were significantly reduced (all P<0.01), but the difference between two groups was not significant (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMedicinal moxibustion could be taken as a regular treatment for PAR, which could be performed during the whole year, and dog-days moxibustion could be considered as an enhanced method for prevention and treatment of PAR.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIM: To investigate the role of Smad7 in the Smad2 expression induced by transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells(PMCs).METHODS: Rat PMCs were cultured at different doses of TGF-?_1 (0,1.25,2.5,10 ?g/L) for different time(0,5,15,30,60,120 min).PCDNA3-Smad7 was then transfected into cultured rat PMCs by lipofectamine,and the cells were stimulated like the above.Endogenous Smad2 and Smad7 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS: TGF-?_1 induced increase in Smad2 mRNA and protein expression at 5 min,peaked at 30 min,and declined to baseline levels at 120 min, which was in a time-dependent manner.TGF-?_1 also induced Smad7 mRNA expression at 5 min,and then declined,down to the lowest at 30 min,but at 60 min it increased again.Smad2,Smad7 mRNA and protein expression induced by TGF-?_1 were also dose-dependent.After transfection,overexpressions of Smad7 mRNA and protein in rat PMCs were observed,which did not decline with time.The expression of Smad2 mRNA significantly decreased by 33%,56%,67%,71%,63% and 57%(P

Adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cells, is one kind of multipotent stem cells, can differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic cells and so on in vitro and in vivo. Human adipose tissue is plentiful, easily harvested in large quantity with little patient discomfort. Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells may be an alternative stem cell source for mesenchymal tissue regeneration and engineering without ethical consideration of embryonic stem cells and severe pain resulted by bone marrow procurement. The research work on adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cells and future clinical perspectives were reviewed.

Objective To discuss the influence of two recombinant hemoglobin (rHb1.1 and rHb2.0) and human serum albumin (HSA) on oxygen supply and demand balance in rat with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, CHD model group, HSA treatment group, rHb1.1 treatment group and rHb2.0 treatment group, 20 rats in each group. Rat model of CHD was established by high fat diet combined with pituitrin injection. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 40 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) after femoral arterial blood was drawn from the femoral arteries, and the rats were resuscitated with 13.4% HSA, rHb1.1 and rHb2.0, respectively, at the rate of 60 mL·kg-1·h-1 (20 mL/kg). The changes of electrocardiogram (ECG) ST-segment were calculated before model reproduction and at 12 hours after the last time injection of pituitrin. MAP, heart rate (HR), superior mesenteric artery blood flow (QSMA) and arterial blood gas analysis were recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the administration. The blood was collected after 12-hour fasting, and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were determined by enzymatic method. The pathological changes in cardiac tissue were observed with light microscope. Results Compared with the normal control group, the changes of ECG ST-segment and TC, TG of model group were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, rHb can significantly reduce the value of ST segment changes, and HSA has no such effect; rHb short-term infusion has no significant effect on blood lipids, but can reduce myocardial pathological changes. Compared with the normal control group, the MAP of the model group decreased significantly, the HR was increased, the QSMA was slowed down, the pH value, the residual alkali (BE), the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and HCO3- were decreased significantly. MAP in rHb1.1 group and rHb2.0 group were significantly higher than those in HSA group. Values of MAP were significantly higher in rHb2.0 group than those in rHb1.1 group at 90 minutes and 120 minutes (mmHg: 80.9±3.3 vs. 69.4±4.9, 79.2±4.0 vs. 69.1±3.7, both P < 0.05). The HR of HSA, rHb1.1 and rHb2.0 decreased to normal in 30 minutes after administration, significantly lower than those in the model group (bpm: 534±46, 518±28, 526±37 vs. 609±52, all P < 0.05). In the rHb2.0 group, the QSMA increased significantly at 60, 90 and 120 minutes compared with the model group (qv·mL-1·min-1: 5.6±0.4 vs. 3.9±0.6, 6.2±0.6 vs. 4.1±0.4, 6.9±0.7 vs. 4.0±0.3, all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the HSA group and the rHb1.1 group. The pH, BE, PaCO2 did not return to the normal level after administration of HSA; pH, PaCO2 and HCO3- in the rHb1.1 group returned to normal level at 60 minutes after administration, and BE returned to normal level at 90 minutes after administration. Each index in rHb2.0 group can restore to normal levels 30 minutes ahead of. Conclusion Recombinant hemoglobin can significantly improve the oxygen supply and demand balance of rats with CHD model, can quickly and effectively correct the hypoxic state of blood metabolic acidosis, and rHb2.0 has better effect than rHb1.1.