Cohort studies are important observational epidemiological studies. In this perspective, we briefly introduced several ongoing prospective cohort studies of cardiometabolic diseases in China and in the U. S. , which have shaped our current understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. We hope that this perspective could shed lights on the research of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo compare five materials commonly used in dentistry, including three types of metals and two types of ceramics, by using different sequences of three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) field strengths (0.35, 1.5, and 3.0 T).

METHODSThree types of metals and two types of ceramics that were fabricated into the same size and thickness as an incisor crown were placed in a plastic tank filled with saline. The crowns were scanned using an magnetic resonance (MR) machine at 0.35, 1.5, and 3.0 T field strengths. The TlWI and T2WI images were obtained. The differences of various materials in different artifacts of field MR scans were determined.

RESULTSThe zirconia crown presented no significant artifacts when scanned under the three types of MRI field strengths. The artifacts of casting ceramic were minimal. All dental precious metal alloys, nickel-chromium alloy dental porcelain, and cobalt-chromium ceramic alloy showed varying degrees of artifacts under the three MRI field strengths.

CONCLUSIONZirconia and casting ceramics present almost no or faint artifacts. By contrast, precious metal alloys, nickel-chromium alloy dental porcelain and cobalt-chromium ceramic alloy display MRI artifacts. The artifact area increase with increasing magnetic field.

Artifacts ; Ceramics ; Chromium Alloys ; Crowns ; Dental Alloys ; Dental Materials ; Dental Porcelain ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Zirconium

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy on patients with cataract and glaucoma.Methods 19 patients(23 eyes)with co-existing glaucoma and cataract were treated with triple procedure by means of scleral tunnel flap.The mean follow-up period was(15.8 ±3.5)months.Results Compared with preoperative visual acuity,16(64%)of 25 eyes had a best corrected visual acuity of ≥0.6 at the last follow-up(0.1～1.0)(P＜0.01);The mean preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)was(23.01 ±2.63)mmHg which decreased to(14.02 ±2.05)mmHg(P＜0.05 ,P ＜0.01)after treatment.Conclusion The triple procedure is effective for treating patients with co-existing cataract and glaucoma,which could enhance the visual acuity,control IOP and reduce complications.

Objective To detect the positive expression level of CD3+ mRANK+ cells in the peripheral blood and the level of sRANKL and OPG in serum and culture supernatant of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and investigate the association between RANKL/RANK/OPG system and the destruction of RA.Methods Twenty-four RA patients and 20 healthy controls were collected in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were extracted,subsequently stimulated in vitro with PHA for 72 hours.Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the positive expression level of CD3+ mRANK+ cells in the peripheral blood,and ELISA was used to detect the level of sRANKL and OPG in serum and culture supernatant.Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded.Multivariate linear regression and t-test were used to analyze the data from different groups.Results There was no statistical significant difference in the expression level of CD3+ mRANK+ cells [(14±4)％ vs (15±7)％,P＞0.05] in RA patients compared with that in healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls,the level of sRANKL [(133±49) vs (41 ±8) pmol/L,P＜0.05],OPG [(390±154) vs (222±38) pg/ml,P＜0.05] and sRANKL/OPG [(0.40 ±0.23) vs (0.19±0.05),P＜0.05] increased in the serum of RA patients.The level of sRANKL [(34±19) vs (17±5) pmol/l,P＜0.05] and sRANKL/OPG [(0.39±0.23) vs (0.19 ±0.05),P＜0.05] increased in culture supernatant of RA patients.Multivariate linear regression showed that there was a negative correlation between DAS28 and the level of OPG in serum in RA ((β)=-0.681,t=3.315,P=0.005).There was a positive correlation between anti-CCP and sRANKL/OPG ratio inserum in RA((β)=0.497,t=2.326,P=0.040).There was a negative correlation between mRANKL and the Sharp method ((β)=0,522,t=2.370,P=0.032).There was a negative correlation between HAQ and the Sharp method ((β)=0.559,t=2.536,P=0.023).Conclusion Abnormality of RANKL shedding of T lymphocytes may be another inmmune machanism for the bone destruction of RA,The level of mRANKL expressed by activated T cell is a risk factor for the severity of bone damage of RA.In the bone destruction of RA,Anti-CCP antibody and RANKL/RANK/OPG system may be closely related.

Objective To analyze the effect of laparoscopic salpingo.stomy in the treatment of infertile caused by hydrosalpinx,and explore the reasonable treatment method for improving pregancy rate.Methods 130 infertile women with hydrosalpinx were treated with salpingostomy firstly,some unsuccessful cases were treated with salpingectomy.The pregnancy rate between successfully salpingostomied patients and unsuccessfully salpingostomied patients was also compared.Results 85 cases were salpingostomied successfully,the successful rate was 65.4％,among these patients 40 received IVF-ET,there was no difference in the natural pregnancy rate between singly hydrosalpinx (17.9％) and double hydrosalpinx(16.7％) (x2 =0.06,P ＞ 0.05),but the artificial pregnancy rate in single hydrosalpinx(70.0％) was higher than double hydrosalpinx (35.0％) (x2 =4.912,P ＜ 0.05).Among 45 unsuccessfully salpingostomied patients,14 cases underwent salpingectomy,all patients received more than two times of IVF-ET treatment,the pregnancy rate in salpingectomied patients (21.4％) was higher than unsalpingectomied (3.2％) (x2 =3.946,P ＜ 0.05).The artificial pregnancy rate of successfully salpingostomied patients (52.2％) was higher than unsuccessful patients (21.4％) (x2 =4.055,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Salpingostomy can raise the pregnancy rate (natural or artificial),it is beneficial to do salpingectomy for unsuccessfully salpingostomied patients who want to receive IVF-ET.

Objective To investigate the significance of the soluble Apo-1/Fas(sApo-1/Fas) in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.Methods The level of sApo-1/Fas was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).in serum and pleural effusion of 50 cases with malignant pleural effusion and 48 cases with tuberculous pleural effusion.Results The level of sApo-1/Fas in the serum and pleural effusion of malignant pleural effusion patients were ( 16.3 ± 2.5 ) μg/L and ( 38.6 ± 13.5) μg/L,significantly higher than those of tuberculous patients with pleural effusion( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The difference of rates of serum and pleural effusion in malignant pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion patients was significant( P ＜ 0.05 ).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of sApo-1/Fas in serum and malignant pleural effusion were 66.0％ and 93.8％ and 79.6％.Conclusion The detecting of sApo-1/Fas may play some role in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.

Physiological and biochemical characteristics,drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the diseased Sparus latus in Zhanjiang,Guangdong,and inactivated whole cell vaccine were studied.The results show that the isolated strain is Vibrio alginolyticus and is highly sensitive to tetracycline,gentamycin,chloramphenicol,and so on.But it is not sensitive to erythromycin and penicillin K.It also shows that the pathogen is inactivated more easily at pH6.0 than at pH8.4 when formalin is used.The whole cell vaccine can strengthen Sparus latus's immuno function and lessen their death rate when fish are infected by the Vibrio alginolyticus.

Activin is a growth factor belong to the transforming growth factor-? superfamily.Recently,experimental studies have shown that activin and activin A expressed higher in various brain injury models and activin have beneficial roles to neuronal protection.The high correlation of activin and activin A with clinical and biochemical signs of brain injury lead us to suggest that activin and activin A are new possible indicators to predict and treat brain injury.

Lifestyle intervention is basic and background treatment for people with type 2 diabetes.Effective lifestyle intervention contributes to better glucose control and delay of diabetic complications.Dietary and exercise interventions as well as lifestyle advice are major components of lifestyle intervention.Dietary intervention focuses on restriction of total caloric intake and balanced nutritional composition,while exercise intervention focuses on exercise mode,frequency,intensity,timing,and duration.This review introduced several lifestyle intervention measures including exercise and dietary interventions as well as lifestyle advice,and discussed their effects on glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.