OBJECTIVE:To explore the implementation methods of drug price reform in China. METHODS:Current condi-tion and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China were analyzed,the problems of the implementation of drug price reform were concluded and summarized,and the implementation methods of drug price reform were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Current condition and disadvantages of drug price mechanism in China are mainly reflected as failure of policy for maxi-mum retail price causes part of drugs to be overpriced;government-led centralized procurement of drugs results in that part of drugs are underpriced;the defects in the regulation of drug price addition rate leads to hospitals’procurement of drugs at higher price;government’s excessive interference in drug price affects the fair competition and sound development of pharmaceutical in-dustry. However,there are some problems for drug price reform,including unsound drug distribution system,a lack of fair compe-tition in modern drug market,excessive centralization of power of medical insurance authorities,absent public participation and so-cial supervision,and the“practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services”leading to wrong medical behavior. These measures were suggested to resolve above problems,i.g. reform the drug distribution system,foster modern drug market,es-tablish a medical insurance authorities-led mechanism for drug price negotiation in which multiple interest parties participate,and develop drug retail enterprises gradually replacing the outpatient pharmacies in hospitals to separate medical services from pharma-ceutical services.

Objective:To study the effect of roadside dust inhalable particulate matter on airway inflammation in rats.Methods:Particles at roadside were collected,analyzed and PM10-treat model of rats were established.Lung tissue histopathology was observed.The counts of total leukocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondiadehyde(MDA),cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in lung homogenate were measured.Results:The counts of total leukocytes,macrophages and neutrophils in PM10-treat group were increased significantly than those in control group(P

Objective:To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods:Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were established.24hours later,the expression of NF-?B in rat brain of sham-operation group,operation group and intervention group was detected with immunohistochemistry method,Cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics(CINC)in rat brain were measured and histopathological examinations were conducted on the hippocampal CAl.Results:The expression of NF-?B p65 and CINC in the operation group increased significantly compared with the sham-operation group(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of the tandem repeat polymorphisms in the enhancer region (ER) of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the 6-bp deletion/insertion (del6/ins6) polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TS gene on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer were treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The polymorphisms of TSER and TS 3′ -UTR in those patients were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Of the 116 patients, the frequencies of the TSER 2R/2R, 2R/3R and 3R/3R were 7.8% (9/116), 31.9% (37/116), and 60.3% (70/116), respectively; the frequencies of the TS3′-UTR ins6/ins6, ins6/del6 and del6/del6 were 9.5% (11/116), 41.4% (48/116) and 49.1% (57/116), respectively. The median survival period in ins6/ins6 carriers was significantly shorter than that of del6/del6 (P = 0.017) or ins6/del6 (P = 0.022) carriers. There was no significant difference in median relapse-free survival period between different TSER carriers (P > 0.05). COX multivariate analysis showed that the ins6/ins6 carriers had increased death risk (P <0.05) compared to the other two genotypes. The median no-recurrence survival period had no statistical difference between them. Conclusion: The polymorphism of TS 3 UTR ins6/del6 may be an independent factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To develop a PC-based system for simultaneous monitoring of locomotor and sound activities on small rodents. Methods The displacement and location signals of the animal were first determined across consecutive video-frames, followed by marked data reduction to cater for long-term studies. At the same time, sounds generated by the animal were detected and the sound level was recorded as root-mean-square values at 1-sec intervals. Results Preliminary data showed that such a multi-parametric monitor system could provide comprehensive information on the animal's activity.Conclusion It can be applied in many study field.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lym-phoma,in order to improve the diagnosis of this disease.Methods X-ray and CT features of 1 9 cases of pulmonary MALT lympho-ma confirmed by operation or biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 1 9 cases,there were 4 cases with a single nod-ule,2 cases with a single consolidation,5 cases with multiple consolidations,2 cases with a single patchy shadow,4 cases with patchy consolidations,1 case with multiple patchy shadows combined with irregular cavities,and 1 case with diffused interstitial changes.Grossus air bronchogram was found in 1 1 cases with nodules,consolidations and patchs.Irregular margin was found in 1 5 cases.Spiculation was found in 3 cases.Pleural retraction was found in 2 cases.Pleural effusion was found in 3 cases.Conclusion Pulmonary MALT lymphoma can be showed as solitary nodule,patchy shadow,consolidation,cavity and diffused interstitial change.Pulmonary MALT lymphoma should be considered if such lesions combined with grossus air bronchogram,irregular mar-gin,spiculation or plural retraction..

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of bacteria and their susceptibility to antimicrobials and to establish a basis for empirical treatment of the neonatal infections. 　Methods:Identification of bacteria were performed according to the National Standard of Clinical Microbiological Test. Disk diffusion were used for antimicrobial susceptibility test.　Results: A total of 2,244 strains were isolated from the samples collected in our neonatal ward from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998. The predominant species ranked the first three were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli in the group I (infections acquired outside of hospital). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked the first three in the group Ⅱ(nosocomial infections). The resistance rates of bacterial isolates from group Ⅱ to antimicrobial agents including penicillin and ampicillin were significantly higher than that from group I (P＜0.05). The sensitivity rate was 82.2% by using amikacin only, but raised to 89% when combined with penicillin. 　Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of nosocomial infections of neonates in our hospital but Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens of infections acquired outside of hospital. The nosocomial pathogens were more prone to developing drug resistance. It is recommended that the combinative use of amikacin and penicillin be employed as primary antibiotics for treatment of neonatal infections.

With advances in surgical techniques,laparoseopic surgical instruments and constant equipment innovation,minimally invasive surgery has become the main stream of this century.Wide range of applications of endoscopy and laparoscopy as the representative of the revolutionary changes in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases since the second half of last century is the main symbol.Patients obtained benefits from the minimally invasive technique to reduce the trauma and pain,shorten the course of treatment,and gain rapid recovery.Singleincision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is proposed in recent years.It differs from conventional multiports laparoscopic surgery,with only a small 2-3 cm incision at the body's natural scar-umbilicus as the approach to assist laparoscope and surgical instruments into the abdomen cavity.In this paper,the surgical experiences of SILS based on 800 cases and understanding of the SILS at home and abroad were presented to talk about the application of SILS technique in digestive surgery.

It is confirmed that expression of gastrins in some colorectal neoplasms cells and their tissue is abnormal. The abnormal expression of gastrins have close relationship with the occurrence and the develop-ment of colorectal neoplasms. Gastrins binding with receptor can regulate ceramides content and promote cells proliferation by series of signal transduction pathways. Blocking these signal transduction pathways may provide a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal neoplasms prevention and treatment.