Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignant tumor of infants.It not only seriously threats children's eyesight,but also endangers their lives.RB develops from the immature cells of retina and its occurrence is closely related with the tumor suppressor gene RB1.The inactivation of two alleles of RB1 is the basis of RB occurrence and development.With the rapid development of biological technology,RB gene related research has made great progress.Researches showed that there are many changes in the chromosome level of RB.Many genes are also involved in the development and progression of RB,including oncogene MYCN,murine double minute 4 (MDM4,also known as MDMX),driver protein family members 14 (K IF14),DEK,E2F3,tumor suppressor gene calcium 11 (CDH11) and so on.This review summarizes the progress in gene research of RB,reveal pathogenesis of RB on DNA molecular level and provides a scientific basis for clinical doctors to formulate effective therapeutic plans.

Target restoration space (TRS) is the most precise space required for designing optimal prosthesis. TRS consists of an internal or external tooth space to confirm the esthetics and function of the final restoration. Therefore, assisted with quantitive analysis transfer, TRS quantitative analysis is a significant improvement for minimum tooth preparation. This article presents TRS quantity-related measurement, analysis, transfer, and internal relevance of three TR. classifications. Results reveal the close bond between precision and minimally invasive treatment. This study can be used to improve the comprehension and execution of precise esthetic prosthodontics.
Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; methods ; Tooth Preparation

Aged ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Ischemia ; etiology

Preterm birth is the main factor affecting the lives and quality of life for premature infants,which is also the main cause for a large economic burden on family,society and medical system.It has been confirmed that the bad neurodevelopment outcome can be effectively prevented by early intervention programs,which are including therapeutic developmental interventions targeting the infants,as well as psychosocial support and education for parents.This review summarizes early intervention programs for improving developmenr outcome in recent years.

Objective To Observe the effects of treating primary trigeminal neuralgia with modified Shaoyao-Gancao decoction and carbamazepine. Methods 76 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 38 patients in each. The treatment group was treated with modified Shaoyao-Gancao decoction and carbamazepine; and the control group was treated with carbamazepine only. Clinical curative effect, pain improvements and adverse reactions were observed after the treatment and 6 week follow-up. Results The total effective rate was 89.3%and 75.5%in the treatment group and the control group respectively, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.043). The onset frequency, duration, degree of pain were all improved in both groups after the treatment and 6 week follow-up[treatment group after the treatment is (0.54±0.78), (2.15±1.73), (1.58±1.26), 6 week follow-up is (0.24±0.63), (1.36±1.03),0.86±1.95);control group after the treatment is (1.98±1.68), (3.96±1.49), (3.02±1.45), 6 week follow-up is (1.06±1.78), (1.97±1.69), (2.13±1.54), P<0.05],and the treatment group was better than the control group(P=0.040 and 0.039 respectively). Conclusion Modified Shaoyao-Gancao decoction combined carbamazepine has good clinical curative effect in treating primary trigeminal neuralgia.

It was well known that the damage of skeletal muscle occurred and exercise performance declined after one prolonged eccentric exercise.But there were few studies on the adaptation to the continuous eccentric exercise in skeletal muscle.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of downhill running once(group B) and for one week(group C ) on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle.Serum CK and LDH were determined, too.The results showed that the training had obvious effects on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle in group B and C.In group B, serum CK and LDH recovered obviously 7 days after training, but not to the normal value.In group C, it recovered to the normal.These results suggest that the recovery of the damage after first training had been accelerated by the continuous eccentric exercise, the subjects gradually adapted to exercise.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional printing technique has been applied in medical fields since it was invented in the end of 20th century. Recently it has been widely used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review the basic concept of the scaffold for bone tissue engineering, the basic requirements for three-dimensional printing technique in scaffold engineering, different materials used in bone tissue engineering, the advantages and limitations of three-dimensional printing technique and the outlook of three-dimensional printing technique applied in manufacturing scaffold for bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author did a computer-aided retrieval of the MEDLINE database, Science Direct database, CNKI database, and CQVIP database for articles relevant to three-dimensional printing technique used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering published between January 1990 and February 2015. The key words were three-dimensional printing, tissue engineering, rapid prototyping technology, scaffold, materials in English and Chinese, respectively. Repetitive studies were excluded, and 33 of 52 related literatures were adopted in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional printing technique has many advantages such as high resolution, high velocity and the freedom to build unlimited geometries. There are some requirements for the powder and binder used to construct bone tissue engineering scaffolds using the three-dimensional printing technique, such as the flowability, stability and wettability. A wide range of materials can be used: synthetic and natural polymers, ceramics, as wel as composites of the aforementioned. Various kinds of powder take responsibility of different features of scaffolds, resulting from the advantages and disadvantages of different materials. Although this technique has some limitations such as high cost and the difficulty of commercial production, its application stil has a bright future.

Endogenous NO and CO have been identified in the recent years as signaling molecules and act as the messengers in the body . Both of them have identical characteristics in the mechanism of production and action. Many evidences indicated that NO and CO play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the prostate. This review highlights the current ideas on localization and function of them in the prostate. We also discussed the relationship between the gaseous messengers and the prostatic diseases.

This article introduces the explorations in improving minimally invasive therapies and techniques for intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stones in this center,including laparoscopic choledocholithotomy without the placement of T tube,laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones using an anastomosis stapler for liver partition,and modification of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.The improved therapies and techniques above have achieved good clinical effects,and a scientific judgment of their clinical effects still depends on a large number of cases and randomized controlled clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE:To change Chinese current irrational drugs use condition so as to promote rational drug use.METHODS:To analysis the causes of the irrational use of drugs in our country and some countermeasures were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The situation of irrational use of drugs in our country is quite serious,there is a long way to go before we can use drugs in a rational way,which needs the co-efforts of functional authority department of the government,hospitals,doctors and pharmacists,as well as the attention and cooperation of people in the whole society.