Objective To establish gas chromatography for determining the contents of borneol in aqueous humor and perfusate of rabbit cornea.Methods Naphthalene was used as the internal standard,samples were extracted by ethyl acetate and the chromatographic procedure was carried out in OV-1701 capillary column.The parameters were set as follows:Inject Temp,210 ℃;Oven Temp,30 ℃;FID Temp,250 ℃;Carrier gas:Nitrogen,3.0psi;Hydrogen,45 ml/min;Air,450 ml/min;split ratio,10:1.Results Borneol and isoborneol were well separated from other components.Borneol and isoborneol had an good linearity in the rang of 0.2～20 ?g/ml,R2 was 0.9953 for borneol and 0.9902 for isoborneol;and the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 9.68 %and 12.60 %respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and precise,and can be used for determining borneol in ophthalmological preparation.

0.05). There were 17 cases with sli g ht adverse reactions. Conclusion The herbal decoction L iangxue Huayu Formula is e ffective in the 6-month observation period for the wet AMD cases through sta bilizing the conditions of retinal hemorrhage, exudation, and accumulated damage with low incidence of untoward reactions. It's a safe method for treatment.

Bioleaching of Cu and Fe in low-grade chalcopyrite using Penicillium janthinellum strian GXCR was studied. As a result, shaking bioleaching was more efficient than submerged bioleaching; Cu bioleaching was much better than Fe bioleaching; under conditions of optimum carbon source (10% sucrose, W/V), optimum nitrogen source (1.5% NaNO3, W/V), shaking bioleaching and the optimum combination of conditions (initial pH 6.0 in leaching media, 5% (W/V) 200-mesh ore and initial inocula of 3.0x10(5) conidia/mL), Cu bioleaching efficiency reached 87.31% (W/W). One of the most important factors affecting Cu bioleaching in shaking bioleaching was the initial pH in leaching media (F > F0.05). The major organic acids for Cu and Fe bioleaching were citric and oxalic acids, respectively. Low bioleaching efficiency by submerged bioleaching was due to low production of citric and oxalic acids. The mechanisms employed by the GXCR in Cu bioleaching included biochemical functions of citric and oxalic acids as well as ore crack caused by mechanical power generated from mycelial growth.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Citric Acid ; chemistry ; Copper ; metabolism ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; chemistry ; Penicillium ; metabolism ; Refuse Disposal ; methods

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.