Wistar rats -were given orally a single dose of nitroquine acetate ( 1 mg/kg) 24 hours after an intravenous inoculation of the sporoizoites of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii strain BY 265. Liver biopsies were taken and some animals were killed at regular intervals to observe the exoerythrocytic forms(EEF). Blood smears of some animals were made to observe the parasitemia. The results were , as follows.1. The density of the EEF in the livers of the treated animals was low but the number of degenerated EEF was high 48 hours after inoculation. At this time, the EEF was smaller in size with less number of nucleus, but with irregular nuclear masses. The EEF at 54, 65 and 72 hours were characterized by un- even size of the nuclei, which were disproportionate to the size of the parasites, and by much more irregular masses of nucleus. Some degenerated EEF infiltrated by WBC could be found. There was no matured tissue schizont within 72 hours after sporozoile inoculation.2. Only 1 out of the 8 treated animals became patent of parasitemia of low level with a prolonged prepatent period.The results indicate that nitroquine exerts a causal prophylactic effect on rodent malaria and interferes with the development of EEF by suppressing the ouclear division

It is a new approach to investigate the ultrastructure, function and metabolism of each segment of uriniferous tubule using dual environment culture chambers (DECC). In the present study the DECC culture of proximal tubule cells was undertaken with millcell-HA culture insert in the mixed medium of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium.A monolayer of proximal tubule cells was obtained in the medium mixed by constant bubling of oxygen at 3 weeks after seeding. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the cuboidal cells with microvilli, abundant mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, and irregular plasma membrane infoldings. Also, the monolayer exhibited active metabolism from the release of ~(14)C-I-carbon dioxide and absorption ability of ~(14)C-I-glucose across the cultured monolayer. In addition, the culture procedure has been introduced in detail.

Objective To investigate the pathological features and clinical outcomes of the arthroscopic treatment for calcifying tendinitis of the supraspinatus. Methods From March 2009 to October 2010,34 patients with calcifying tendinitis of the supraspinatus were treated with shoulder arthroscopy. Based on size of calcifying deposits, they were divided into three groups: small (＜10 mm), middle (≥ 10 mm, ≤20mm), and large (＞20 mm). All patients underwent arthroscopic calcium excision and subacromial decompression, and acromioplasty of shoulder was performed in 8 cases, rotator cuff neoplasty in 10. The preoperative and postoperative clinical data such as Constant's score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score and radiographs were adopted for evaluation. Besides, histological and scanning electronic microscopic examinations of calcium deposits were also carried out. Results All patients were follwed up for average 11.5 months.The patients were regularly examined at a time point of 1 month preoperatively, 2 days preoperatively and of the latest follow-up. The average Constant score was 36.1 ±6.9, 55.6±12.4 and 89.7±2.7 respectively; the average VAS pain score was 8.2±0.8,7.03±0.7,1.7±0.3 respectively. Both scoring systems revealed a significant difference before and after surgery. However, the clinical outcomes of the calcified deposit (small, middle, and large) showed on significant difference among the 3 groups. Collagen fibers were not degenerated around the calcified deposit, and no apoptotic or dead cells could be found, therefore, it is not a pathological calcification. Conclusion Recognition of calcifying tendinitis and good timing of surgery are keys to good clinical results. Shoulder arthroscopy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive method for the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the supraspinatus. The patients with various size of the calcium deposit treated with shoulder arthroscopy can lead to an excellent clinical outcome postoperatively.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and pathohistological presentation of gastric and deuodenal mucosa.Methods The gastritis biopsies were taken through endoscopy from each gastric body,antrum and duodenum in 60 patients with gastritis and 22 patients with duodenal ulcer respectively for the examination of histology.Result The positive rate of Hp was nearly 100% in active chronic gastritis which was significantly higher than that of active duodenitis.The total detecting rate of Hp infection and incidence rate of active inflammation in antrum were obviously higher than that of gastric body and duodenal bulb.The detecting rate of Hp infection of duodenal bulb in 22 cases of duodenum ulcer was 54% which was significantly lower than that of antrum.Conclusion The Hp infection is a very important pathogenic factor of active inflammation in gastric mucosa on the basis of which the severe inflammation of mucosa and ulcer development.Therefore the early elimination of Hp is very important.

Objective To investigate the influence of Buyanghuanwu (BYHW) Decoction on cerebral infarct volume and pathological changes after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was made by thread embolism method. Healthy male SD rats were divided randomly into sham-operated group, model group and BYHW Decoction group. Infarct volume was detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and pathological changes were observed microscopically in HE stained sections. Results In BYHW Decoction group, infarct volume was significantly smaller than that in model group (P

In the present experiments, the effect of hypertonic NaCl infusion on the renal ultrastructure in rabbits with hypovolemia was examined by electron microscopy. Rabbits were anasthetized with pentobarbital sodium and submitted to control bleeding and held at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg for 45 minutes. They were then given 6 ml/kg i. v. of 1) isotonic NaCl (300 mosm/L; 2) hypertonic NaCl (2400mosm/L). Only animals receiving hypertonic NaCl had immediate and permanent resto ration of mean arterial pressure and nearly intact ultrastructure of nephron. However, the animals with isotonic NaCl had an ischemic changes of nephron ultrastructure and unrestored mean arterial pressure.

BACKGROUND:Endovascular embolization materials have been produced and used clinicaly, but new problems constantly occur in the clinical application and new demands are also developed for embolic materials. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various types of embolic materials and to investigate the relationship between application fields and selection of embolic materials, thereby providing a reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for relevant literature, and then embolic materials were systemicaly reviewed based on relevant clinical application and basic research literature in the folowing aspects: embolism mechanisms, clinical applications, advantages and disadvantages of various embolic materials. In this review, the existing problems in the current study were pointed out, and the development direction of relevant research and clinical application were also prospected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Embolic materials should have biodegradability and biocompatibility. Current embolic materials include absorbable gelatin sponge, Polyvinylalcohol embolic agent, micro-coils and liquid embolic materials. Gelatin embolic material has no antigenicity and good histocompatibility, as wel as has excelent compressibility and water re-expansibility. Polyvinylalcohol particles are a polymer material that is insoluble in water, has high expansion coefficient, mechanical embolization, non-alergenic reaction, no acute systemic toxicity, no intracutaneous irritation, and can be used safely and effectively. Adhesive liquid embolic material has no vascular toxicity and has been widely used. Endovascular embolization materials have been produced in succession, and meanwhile, new problems in clinical applications have been found and new demands for embolic materials have been put forward continuously. Thus, a variety of embolic materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and none of embolic materials can be applied to al diseases. To select an appropriate embolic material is very important for safe and effective treatment.

Objective To establish gas chromatography for determining the contents of borneol in aqueous humor and perfusate of rabbit cornea.Methods Naphthalene was used as the internal standard,samples were extracted by ethyl acetate and the chromatographic procedure was carried out in OV-1701 capillary column.The parameters were set as follows:Inject Temp,210 ℃;Oven Temp,30 ℃;FID Temp,250 ℃;Carrier gas:Nitrogen,3.0psi;Hydrogen,45 ml/min;Air,450 ml/min;split ratio,10:1.Results Borneol and isoborneol were well separated from other components.Borneol and isoborneol had an good linearity in the rang of 0.2～20 ?g/ml,R2 was 0.9953 for borneol and 0.9902 for isoborneol;and the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 9.68 %and 12.60 %respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and precise,and can be used for determining borneol in ophthalmological preparation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features of the needle biopsies of prostatic lesions and to evaluate the value of 34?E12 immunostaining for the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data,levels of serum PSA and HE slides of 103 cases of the needle biopsies of prostatic lesions were reviewed.Immunohistochemical stains for 34?E12 were performed.ResultsThe morphological features revealed 36 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),9 cases of low grade prostastic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN I)and 34 cases of prostatic carcinoma(PC),24 cases of high grade PIN(PINⅡ and Ⅲ) have been suspected of carcinoma.With immunohistochemical stain,all cases of BPH were strongly reactive for 34?E12 while 32 cases of prostatic carcinoma were negative;14 of 24 cases of high grade PIN were negative for 34?E12 and could be diagnosed as PC.The rest 10 of high grade PIN were interruptedly positive in the basal layer for 34?E12.In the 30 cases of prostastic carcinoma,serum PSA levels of 25 cases was over 10 ng/ml and over 50 ng/ml in 15.ConclusionsThe pathologic diagnosis should based on gland architectures and cytologic features.34?E12 negative expression and elevation of serum PSA are also the important criteria for the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in anyone who has experienced a life-threatening or violent event.Research into the underlying neurobiology has implicated dysregulation in multiple neurotransmitter systems including norepinephrine,serotonin and glutamate as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.Although there was a tremendous growth in the understanding of PTSD in the past few years,the specific neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD wait for more explorations.