Objective To investigate the effect of HES 130/0.4 or sodium lactate Ringer's solution injected before operation on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Sixty patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) undergoing LC were randomly assigned to three groups: patients in group A were injected intravenously with 2 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution before anesthesia; group B was given 10 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution; and in group C, the patients were given 10 ml/kg 6% HES 130/0.4. The following data were recorded: blood pressure and heart rate before and after operation, and 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after induction; durations of anesthesia and operation; rate of PONV on the first postoperative day; and the number of cases who were given antiemetics. Results The age, weight, and durations of anesthesia and operation were similar among the 3 groups. The MAP was decreased significantly after induction in the three groups (P0.05). In the group A, 7 patients were given antiemetics that was significantly more than that in the groups B (3/20) and C (1/20). (A vs C, ?2=3.906, P=0.048; B vs C, ?2=0.278, P=0.598) . Conclusions Compared with 2 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution, 10 ml/kg HES 130/0.4 or 10 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution injected intravenously before operation may reduce the rate of PONV in patients undergoing LC, and decrease the proportion of those who need antiemetics after operation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that Candida albicans possesses capsule structure. Whether capsule structure is associated with the virulence of Candida albicans?OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the pathogenic difference between the standard strains of Candida albicans and the clinically isolated strains, verified whether capsule was the virulence factor of the Candida albicans, and analyzed the association between the animal pathogenicity of different strains and capsule thickness.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Pathogenic Biology, Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Scientific Research Center, Gannan Medical College between May and June 2005. A total of 120 BALB/c mice and 72 healthy adult rabbits were included. Candida albicans strains (CCCMC1a and ATCC 14053) were used. The isolated and cultured 4 strains were numbered as C1-1, C1-2, C1-3,and C1-4.METHODS: All animals were randomly divided into 6 groups with 20 mice and 12 rabbits in each group, namely,CCCMC1a, ATCC 14053, C1-1, C1-2, C1-3, and C1-4 groups. Strains smeared in sabouraud ager medium for 36 hours were diluted into the bacterial solution with physiological saline. This solution was intravenously injected into rabbit ear edge, 1.5 mL per rabbit, and intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c mice, 0.5 mL per mouse. Six hours after administration, animal response was observed, and attack time, death time, and mortality were recorded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rabbit nephridial tissue printing slices and mouse peritoneal fluid smears were made for Hiss capsule staining microscopy. The capsule thickness of 40 randomly selected yeast cells in each strain was measured using a microscope-micrometer, and the mean capsule thickness of each strain was compared.RESULTS: Compared with C1-1, C1-3, CCCMC1a, and ATCC 14053, C1-2 and C1-4 possessed stronger animal pathogenicity. The standard strains and clinically isolated strains could form capsule in the rabbit and mouse bodies. Capsule thickness differed due to different strains and animal genera (P < 0.05-0.01). The bacterial capsule thickness was greater in the rabbit renal infection focus than in the mouse abdominal cavity. The bacterial capsule thickness of rabbit renal infection focus and mouse abdominal cavity in the C1-1, C1-2, C1-3, and C1-4 groups was greater than that of the same genus in the CCCMC1a and ATCC 14053 groups. The bacterial capsule thickness of rabbit renal infection focus and mouse abdominal cavity was the greatest in the C1-2 and C1-4 groups.CONCLUSION: Candida atbicans C1-2 and C1-4 strains have strong animal pathogenicity. C1-2 and C1-4 strains possess greater bacterial thickness than other strains. It has been primarily confirmed that capsule is possibly a virulence factor of Candida albicans, and capsule thickness is closely associated with animal pathogenicity.

Objective To investigate the influence of mannitol and glycerin injection (containing 15％ mannitol and 15％ glycerin) on experimental intracranial hypertension.Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups (n =8 rabbits/group):normal control group,model control group,mannitol-glycerol injection groups (2.5 ml/kg group,5 ml/kg group,and 10 ml/kg group),compound mannitol injection fluid group,20％ mannitol group,and 10％ glycerol-sodium chloride injection group.The continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin [0.04 mg/(kg · min),10 min] on rabbits was used to establish intracranial hypertension model except the normal control group of animals,and effect of mannitol glycerol injection on it with a single intravenous injection was observed.Serum renal function,electrolytes and other indicators were tested.Results Intravenous infusion of mannitol glycerol injection (2.5 ml/kg,5 ml/kg,and 10 ml/kg) could significantly reduce rabbit nitroglycerin-induced intracranial hypertension,and dosedependent,with increasing dose reducing intracranial pressure could enhance(P ＜ 0.05).Mannitol glycerol injection (5 ml/kg) produced the same intracranial pressure compared to 20％ mannitol and compound mannitol injection,and maintained a long-time role.Conclusions Mannitol glycerin injection can significantly reduce intracranial pressure.Its intensity is the same as 20％ mannitol and compound mannitol injection,and maintains a longer intracranial pressure without significant renal dysfunction and electrolyte distnrhances.

AIM: To prepare the vaccine of DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA) and observ the immunity effect of the DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA) inoculating on CT26(hCEA +) loaded in BALB/c mice. METHODS: DCs were generated from bone marrow in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. A new recombinant plasmid, pcDNA3-hCEA, reformed with inserting a 2.4 kb human CEA cDNA into pcDNA3. DC vaccine was prepared by transfection with pcDNA3-hCEA using lipofectamine. CEA mRNA expressed in DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA) was confirmed by RT-PCR, CEA expression level was detected with RIA method, and CEA specific CTL was induced in vitro . After vaccination of DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA), the survival time of the BALB/c mice challenged with critical loading CT26(hCEA +) was observed. RESULTS: G418 test showed that about 14% DCs were transfected with pcDNA3-hCEA. And CEA mRNA and protein could be detected respectively by RT-PCR and RIA in the genetically modified DCs. Furthermore, the DCs coud be targeted by specific CTL, the survival time of the mice challenged with CT26(hCEA +) was prolonged 1-4 weeks. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that specific antitumor immune responses could be induced efficiently by vaccination of DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA), which is transfected eukaryotic expression vector encoding tumor antigen gene.