Objective To observe the relationship between serum bilirubin levels of elderly heart failure patients and type, clinical symptom and prognosis of the heart failure. To explore the pathophysiological role of heme oxygenase 1/CO bilirubin system in the pathogenesis of the heart failure. Methods Serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and indrect bilirubin levels of 57 inpatients admitted to our depatment because of heart failure from April 1998 to June 2000 were examined in the second day, first and second week after admission, respectively. Results (1) Compared with the recovery stage of the heart failure, the serum total bilirubin levels during the heart failure attack increased by 52 9% and 78 9%, respectively than the first and second week after the attack(26 1 ?mol/L vs 17 4 ?mol/L and 14 6 ?mol/L, P

Based on link control concepts, the life cycle of science and technology projects was divided into five stages,, such as project application, selection, implementation, output and assessment.All the science misconducts that might occur among these five stages were listed.Finally, different precautions were made to prevent different misconducts during different stage..

Objective To assess the association between serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and the heart function in the elderly with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ,alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP), CA199, CA15-3, CA724, liver and kidney function and NT-proBNP were measured in 178 patients with heart failure. Ve, Va, Ve/Va, left ventricular end-diastolic diamete ( LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diamete ( LVESD ), left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and time were measured using echocardiograph. All patients were classified as Ⅰ + Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ level according to the criteria of New York Heart Assocation ( NYHA), and the incidence of pleural effusion, peripheral edema,atrial fibrillation were observed. Results Among the 178 patients,serum CA125 were ≤35 U/ml in 91 patients with median of 9.9( 3.4 - 33.7 ) U/ml, ＞ 35 U/ml in 87 patients with median of 64. 4 ( 20. 2 - 462. 1 ) U/ml.Among those patients with CA125 ＞ 35 U/ml ,heart function was classified as level Ⅲ + Ⅳ in 82 patients,and level Ⅰ + Ⅱ in 5 patients. Among the patients with CA125 ≤35 U/ml,heart function was classified as level Ⅲ + Ⅳin 7 patients,and level Ⅰ + Ⅱ in 84 patients. Heart function was significantly different between the two CA125 groups( x2= 133. 3 ,P ＜0. 001 ). The incidence of pleural effusion,atrial fibrillation ,peripheral edema in the higher CA125 group were 32. 2%, 51.7% and 78. 2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the normal CA 125 group ( 5.5 %, 9. 9% and 19. 8 %, repactively ) ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). NT-proBNP, LVESD,LVEF and time in the higher CA125 group were 2524. 0( 104.0 - 19 308. 0) ng/L,35 (27 -55) mm,49% (23%-66% ) and 268 (210 -312)ms, which were significantly differenct from those in the normal CA125 group [356.0 ( 32.0 - 5201.0) ng/L, 32 ( 26 - 53 ) mm, 59% ( 42% - 69% ) and 290 ( 260 - 340 ) ms, respectively](Ps ＜0. 05). The linear regression showed that serum CA125 was positively correlated with NT-ProBNP and urea nitrogen ( BUN ) ( r= 0. 3326 and 0. 3430, Ps= 0. 002 ) , as well as negtively correlated with LVEF and time (r= -0. 3016,P =0. 006;r = -0. 336,P =0. 004). Conclusion Serum CA125 in the elderly with congestive heart failure increased with the worsing of heart function, and correlated with the level of NT-proBNP, LVEF and time,as well as pleural effusion, atrial fibrillation, peripheral edema.

Objective To promote the idea and practice of truthful conduct of research among fellow researchers by creating a research integrity training mode for Chinese postgraduates.Methods Based on the RCR (Responsible Conduct of Research) training module,a common research education initiative adopted by many American research institutes,and through literature review and social science study,this paper explored the idea of develop a research integrity training mode for Chinese postgraduates.Results A thorough explanation and analysis was given to the five major aspect of research integrity training mode,including theoretical basis,training objectives,operational procedure,neces sary conditions for application and training evaluation.Conclusion Research integrity training is one of the most important contents of graduate education,and a well designed training mode is the first and foremost step of developing a responsible and credible environment in academia of China.

Objective To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthases/H2S pathway in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.Methods Wistar rats were subdivided into 4 groups:(1) 2-kidney,1-clip (2K-1C group,n=7),(2) control (n=7),(3)sham (n=7),and (4) 2K-1C plus sodium hydrosulfide (NariS) (NariS-treated group,n=7).The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by a tail-cuff method using a pulse transducer once a week.Four weeks later,all rats were killed and the concentration of plasma hydrogen sulfide (H2S),the activity of the H2S syntha.ses in the kidneys on both sides,the plasma angiotensin Ⅱ concentration,and the left-to-whole heart weight ratio were measured.Results The SBP was significantly increased in the 2K-IC group (185.4± 14.0mmHg) comparing with those in the sham group (112.9±6.5mmHg,,or the NariS-treated group(134.8±9.5mmHg) (both P＜0.01).At 4 weeks,the angiotensin Ⅱ concentration in the plasma was increased in the 2K-1C and NariS-treated group,comparing with the control and the sham group (306.92±7.03 pg/ml and 240.73±13.22 pg/ml vs 122.6±25.49 pg/ml and 125.95±10.55 pg/ml,respectively,both P＜0.05).The plasma H2S concentration and the activity of H2S synthases in the left kidney were decreased in the 2K-1C group comparing with those in the sham and the control groups.There was no difference of the activity of the H2S synthases in the right kidneys among the 4 groups.The left-to-whole heart weight ratio was increased in the 2K-1C and the NariS-treated group camparing with that in the sham and natural control groups.Conclusions Dysfunction of the H2S synthases/H2S pathway was involved in the 2K-1C-induced renovascular hypertension in rat.Exogenous administration of H2S donor can attenuate the development of hypertension.These findings suggest that the H2S synthases/H2S pathway participates in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.

Depending on the performance,Type of management of medical scientific research managers is divided into four basic management types of positive push type,upload issued type,passive type,the individual barrier type.In addition,factors of management,management performance and the quality of recruits are resolved corresponding to the management type,and have proposed the corresponding practice and management recommendations from two angles of medical research managers and the upper decision makers.