Animals ; Fructose ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Risk Factors

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; metabolism ; PPAR alpha ; metabolism

This article reviews the immunopathogenesis of cystic echinococcosis in the following seven aspects: innate immunity,establishment phase immunity,cystic phase immunity,influencing factor of CD4+ T cell polarization,cytokine function in infected host,Echinococcus granulosus infection and allergy,and immune evasion mechanism.

The diagnostic core of multiple sclerosis(MS) always requires dissemination in space and time since the publication of the first criteria over 40 years ago.Though several modified clinical criterias have been proposed to diagnosis MS,no paitents must meet such condition in diagnostic criteria because of the reticular clinical manifestation of this disease.The diagnosis of MS is still based on clinical parameters including detailed history and a careful examination to exclude alternative disease.The effects of some disease modifying agents to MS have been confirmed by evidence-based medicine.But the intact treatment plan must contain aspects of acute attacks,prevention of relapses and progression,management of symptoms,and rehabilitation.The individualized treatment is needed according to the medical insurance,payment ability and other influencing factors in China.

Objective:To investigate apoptosis of spleen cells in infected mice by immunization with recombinant BCG-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg) and against challenge with Eg protoscoleces.Methods:BALB/c mice were vaccinated with the vaccine subcutaneously,intranasally,orally and intramuscularly respectively.The mice were then challenged with Eg protoscolexes at 8w of vaccination and sacrificed in 18w of infection to get spleen.Spleen cells were separated to measure apoptotic rate by FACsort with BCG and PBS served as control.Results:Apoptotic rate in the immunization group was lower than that in the control.Apoptotic rates in the oral or intramuscular group were significantly lower than that in the subcutaneous or intranasal group.Conclusion:Apoptosis of spleen cells in mice may be induced by infection with hydatid cyst,but is inhibited by immunization with rBCG-Eg95 vaccine.Oral or intramuscular vaccination may be the good regimen.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of chlorpromazine(TMZ)in treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods 70 patients with CHF were randomly divided into control group and treatment group 35 cases in each gronp,control group was given conventional treatment,treatment group on the basis of additional application TMZ,20mg/times,3 times/d.8 weeks after the observation and comparison of two groups of cardiac function in improving the situation.Results Treatment group before the treatment of LVEF(38.0 ± 2.4)％ After treatment,LVEF(48.0 ±2.3)％ ;control group before treatment LVEF(38.2 ±2.2)％ after treatment,LVEF(42.0 t2.5)％ ;Twosets of treatment LVEFdifference statistically significant(t =6.9419,2.8482,allP ＜ 0.05); Treatment group compared with control groups after treatment improve even more obvious(t =4.3147,P ＜0.05)o Control groups and then hospitalized 10 cases(28.5％),the treatment group hospitalization 3 cases(8.5％),both groups rate difference statistically significant(x2 =4.629,P ＜0.05).Both groups were no deaths,no serious adverse effects.Conclusion General against heart failure therapy on the basis of the combined with TMZ could significantly improve the cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure,reducing hospitalization rates.

Objective To observe the effect of several residual adhesive methods on the enamel surface ,and conduct lab evalua-tion .Methods Sixty premolars extracted because of orthodontic treatment .And all the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups . Group 1:tungsten carbide burs + silicon particles ;Group 2 :ultrasonic scaling + silicon particles ;Group 3:silicon particles ,each with 20 premolars .After underwent several methods ,the surface roughness differences ,operation time were determined and ob-served with the scanning electron microscope .And the result was statistically analyzed .Results There were significant differences in the surface roughness and operation time among the three groups (P<0 .05) ,The scanning electron microscope after polishing showed that the teeth surface had different degrees of injury ,the silica particles group had less superficial scratch .Conclusion The tungsten carbide burs and ultrasonic instrument for debonding before the silica particles had less superficial scratch .

Objective To construct and identify of a plasmid mediated high efficiency of RNA interference(RNAi) against Nogo-66 receptor(NgR).Methods After cloning of NgR by RT-PCR,the fragments were inserted into pcDNA3.1/CT-GFP-TOPO to produce plasmid expressing NgR-GFP fusion protein.Four pairs of oligonucleotide were designed according to NgR sequence and annealed.The resulting fragments were ligated into short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expressing plasmid.The plasmids expressing NgR-GFP fusion protein and shRNA were co-transfected into AAV-293 cells.RNAi efficiency against NgR was observed under fluorescent microscope and calculated by Western blotting.Results The interference efficiency of one sequence was above 90%.Conclusion A plasmid mediated high RNAi efficiency against NgR is constructed successfully.

Objective To establish a method to detect neuromyelitis optiea (NMO)-IgG in patients serum using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Methods The normal tissues (cerebellum/ midbrain, kidney and stomach) from C57 mice were cryosectioned onto microscope slides as detective substrate. For NMO-IgG detection, isolated serum from patient with NMO, multiple sclerosis (MS), optic neuritis or myelitis was incubated with the tissue sections on the slide at 4℃ overnight and subsequently incubated with a fluorochrome-cojugated lgG specific for human. For double immunostaining with aquaporius-4 (AQP4), the slides were incubated with primary antibody of AQP4 and secondary antibody of IgG-TRITC. Detection of NMO-IgG and its co-localization with AQP4 was analyzed using fluorescence microscope. Results All 182 serum samples from patients were tested using IFA. Some samples revealed a characteristic immunohistochemical staining of NMO-IgG in mouse CNS tissues, predominately in pia and subpia, and capillaries in white and grey matter in the cerebellum, midbrain, and spinal cord. Double immunostaining with AQP4 demonstrated the co-localization of NMO-IgG with AQP4. Conclusions We established an IFA using a substrate from C57 mouse cerebellum/midbrain, kidney and stomach tissue to detect NMO-IgG in patient serum. This method is specific and efficient in detection and may be useful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica.

Objective To report our experiences in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods The clinical data of 201 cases of difficult LC performed from March 2006 to December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively,and the surgical operation approaches were summarized. The cases included 107 patients with pyknotic conglutination around the gallbladder or gallbladder triangle area,38 patients with gallbladder neck stone,11 patients with suppuration or gangrene of the gallbladder,18 patients with atrophy of the gallbladder,and 17 patients with operation history in the upper abdomen. Results The LC was completed in 193 of the cases,the other 8 cases were converted to open surgery. The causes for conversion to open surgery included intractable bleeding at the gallbladder triangle in 3 patients,the gallbladder being covered by stomach,colon and duodenum in 1,gallbladder gangrene in 1,bile leakage resulted from slightly lacerations of the posterior wall at the confluence of the gallbladder and bile duct in 2,and frozen likeness of the gallbladder triangle in 1. The complications of LC included intestinal obstruction (1 case),pulmonary infection with respiratory dysfunction (1 case),and postoperative bleeding (1 cases). No extrahepatic bile duct injury and death occurred in this series. Conclusions For difficult LC,we must abide by the rules as follows: to dissect as far as possible adjoin to the gallbladder;to discriminate the tissues or organs before cutting it;to execute LC in combination with mute and acuminate dissection and antegrade and retrograde approach for resection;to make pneumoperitoneum through a small incision for patients with history of operations in the upper abdomen. Only obey the laparoscopic surgical principle and use correct surgical approaches,can we reduce the incidence rates of complications and conversion to open surgery.