5?,dislocation of joint,instability of screws and plates and penetration of the screws into the joint surface.[Conclusion]Incorrect preoperative evaluation of the injury severity,incorrect judgement of the fracture type,improper operation indications,improper selection of internal fixation methods,nonstandard technique of bone graft and failure to reach anatomic reduction are the main causes of internal fixation failure.

Object To study the relationship between the essential oil constituents and the chromosome numbers of Houttuynia cordata and compare the difference of the essential oil constituents from the fresh and the dried ones, aerial and underground parts of the fresh plant. Methods The essential oil constituents of H. cordata with different chromosome numbers from the aerial and underground parts of the fresh, and the aerial parts dried in shade as well were analyzed by TLC. Results According to the difference of the spot number and definition of the essential oil TLC pattern, the essential oil constituents in the aerial parts of 20 fresh plants were classified into five types, those in their underground parts into three types, and those in 19 dried plants into four types. Conclusion There is obvious difference in the essential oil constituents between the fresh aerial and underground parts, and between the fresh and dried plants. The difference among the fresh plants is more significant than that of the dried ones. And the difference among the aerial parts of the fresh plants is more significant than that of the underground parts. There is a tendency that the spot numbers increase with the chromosome numbers. The difference of essential oil constituents in H. emeiensis and H. cordata is insignificant.

plant height.Multiple regression analysis showed that branch height from base(X_2),number of primary branches(X_4),number of effective cones per plant(X_6),number of ineffective cones per plant(X_7),number of grains per cone(X_9),and diameter of primary head(X_(10)) were the main factors affecting flower yield(Y) per plant.Multiple regression equation of flower yield per plant and six characters was Y=-3.037 0+(0.002 7) X_2+0.045 9 X_4+0.074 5 X_6+0.043 2 X_7+0.023 0 X_9+1.148 2 X_(10)(F=21.84~()).The direct effect of number of effective cones per plant was the strongest,followed by diameter of primary head.There were significant differences within the flower yield per plant and the safflor yellow A content of different species.The correlation between the safflor yellow A content and the flower yield per plant was insignificant.Conclusion High-yield and high-quality are compatible in breeding of safflower which is used as herbal medicine.Number of effective cones per plant and diameter of primary head are focused on the high yield breeding and cultivation of safflower species.The plant type of higher flower yield safflower species should have more effective cone numbers,more number of cones,number of branches,number of primary branches,bigger diameter of primary head,moderate plant height,branch height from base,and ineffective cones per plant.Of all accessions,PI 239226,PI 253540,PI 367833,and Jianyang Honghua are outstanding and optimal for cultivating in Sichuan Province.

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum conditions of simulated drought stress, and screen the indexes of drought resistance and comprehensively assess the drought resistance of the Angelica dahurica resources during seedling stage.

METHODInvestigations were carried out on the changes of height, root length, root-shoot ration, contents of soluble sugar, proline and malondialdehyde under polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-simulated drought stress. A comprehensive evaluation on the drought resistance of different (varietal) species of A. dahurica during seedling stage was applied by using the method of subordinate function. And the drought resistance indexes were selected out by applying the method of grey correlative degree analysis.

RESULTDrought stress of 9 days with 20% PEG was the optimum condition for the simulation of drought stress. The results showed that the drought resistant capability decreased in the order as follows, A. dahurica from Sichuan province, A. dahurica from Henan province, A. dahurica from Hebei province and A. dahurica from Zhejiang province. And the order of correlative degree of drought resistance and indexes was: soluble sugar > root length > proline > root-shoot ration > total content of chlorophyll > chlorophyll b > chlorophyll a > height > malondialdehyde.

CONCLUSIONOsmotic adjustment substance and the indexes related to the root have more influence on the drought resistance of A. dahurica during seedling stage. A. dahurica from Sichuan province shows the highest drought resistance during seedling stage.

Angelica ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Droughts ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption characteristics of nitrogen (N) , phosphorus (P) , and potassium (K) of Pinellia ternate from Sichuan under the cultivated condition.

METHODThe samples of P. ternate S-29 and S-33 from Sichuan were regularly collected randomly, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each part (aerial and underground parts) were determined, and their distribution and accumulation characters of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were also studied.

RESULTThe absorption rate of aerial and underground parts of P. ternate were different in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at different growing stages. Among them, the potassium uptake was the highest, while the phosphorus uptake was the lowest. Totally, the uptakes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of P. ternate from Sichuan during "sprout tumble" stage were comparatively higher than that not at "sprout tumble" stage. A significant correlation was observed between the phosphorus and potassium uptake of the aerial and underground parts, respectively (P < 0.05). And there was also significant positive correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake at underground parts (P < 0.05). During the growth stage of P. ternate, for producing 100 kg air-dried P. ternate, 5.02-5.64 kg N, 2.44-2.56 kg P205, 11.62-13.49 kg K20 were needed to be absorbed.

CONCLUSIONP. ternate from Sichuan should be given enough base fertilizer in field cultivation, and then be supplied with phosphorus and potassium by combining foliar spray with field application during the middle ten days of June and last ten days of August. The ratios of potassium should be properly improved. There was promoting effect in the phosphorus and nitrogen assimilations of the underground parts of P. ternate from Sichuan.

China ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relationships among the main agronomic characters, yield per plant,content of artemisinin of Artemisia annua, and provide the theoretical basis for breeding the A. annua varieties with high-yield and high artemisinin content.

METHODThe main agronomic characters, yield per plant, artemisinin content of the wild and cultivated A. annua of Sichuan province were investigated and determined, and the correlated relationships among them were analyzed.

RESULTIt was showed that the weight of dried stem per plant had very significantly positive correlation with the yield per plant,and the number of primary branches, the diameter of stem had significantly positive correlation with the yield per plant. The flower bud stage, first flowering stage and full-bloom stage had significantly positive correlation with the artemisinin content. The first flowering stage and full-bloom stage had significantly positive correlation with the total artemisinin content per plant. The weight of dried stem per plant,the diameter of stem and the flower bud stage had significantly correlation with the total artemisinin content per plant. A. annua with the purple-stem had significant higher artemisinin content than that with the green-stem. Through the multiple regression analysis, the classic multiple regression equation of the yield per plant was gained as Y = 0.06121-0.000 08X(1) + 0.30378X(3) - 0.00051X(4) - 0.00031X5 (F = 20.15, P < 0.0001), the classic multiple regression equation of the artemisinin content as Y = -1.45849 - 0.00099X(1) - 0.24079X(3) + 0.13362X(6) - 0.00719X(7) + 0.01454X(9) (F = 46.55, P < 0.0001), the classic multiple regression equation of the total artemisinin content per plant as Y = -2.67001 - 0.00249X(1) + 0.98873X(3) + 0.30037X(6) + 0.113X(9) F = 22.62, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe plant with purple, thick and strong stem, higher plant height, moderate primary branches number and bloom stage, small stem-branch angle should be selected for a breeding new A. annua varieties with high yield and artemisinin content.

Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Artemisinins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Biomass ; China ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo provide more proofs for expounding the genetic relationships among the (varietal) species in genus Fritillaria from Sichuan province.

METHODThe ISSR marker technique was used to study relationships and genetic polymorphism of nineteen populations in ten species and one varietal species of genus Fritillaria. Genetic similarities were calculated by using NTSYS software and the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA method.

RESULTEleven primers were selected from 35 ISSR primers, and 179 DNA fragments were amplified from 19 populations. Of which, 179 fragments were polymorphic (percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.8%). The genetic similarity among all accessions ranged from 0.569 to 0.855. Clustering analysis showed that the 19 populations of Fritillaria could be distinctively classified into 4 groups. F. cirrhosa, F. przewalskii, F. cirrhosa var. logirnectarea and F. dajitensis were in the first group; The second group was the cluster of F. cirrhosa and F. mellea (wild and cultivated species); The third group was F. sulcisquamosa, F. thunbergii, wabunesis and F. delavayi; F. hupehensis alone formed the fourth group.

CONCLUSIONISSR marker technique is suitable for the genetic diversity of Fritillaria from Sichuan province. Interspecific identifications among the four original species of Bulhus Fritillariae Cirrhosae recorded by pharmacopoeia of China, and between them and the other species of genus Fritillaria from Sichuan province could not be gained by using ISSR markers technique. In addition, the cluster result of genus Fritillaria had some relationships with the geographical distribution.

China ; Fritillaria ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny