Objective To investigate the expression of Beclin1,p62 and Atg5 in serous ovarian cancer and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of Beclin1,p62 and Atg5 was detected in 50 serous ovarian cancer tissues by immunohistochemical method,and the relationship between their expression levels and the clinical parameters of serous ovarian cancer patients were analyzed.Results The expression of Beclin1 and Atg5 in serous ovarian cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian tissue,but p62 was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissue,and the difference had statistically significance (P＜0.05).The expression of Beclin1 and Atg5 were correlated with degree of cell differentiation and clinical stage (P＜0.05),while the expression of p62 was associated with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05).Conclusions The abnormal expression of Beclin1,p62,Atg5 in serous ovarian cancer,which can lead to reduced autophagy body formation and autophagy activity,may be involved in the occurrence and development of serous ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE To explore the canonical management method to improve the control quality of hospital(infection).METHODS To induct the quality standard management system of ISO9001∶2000,carrying out a set of method which is systemic,standard,canonical,and scientific and continue to improve to hospital infection(mangament).RESULTS The control quality of hospital infection had been improved and standardized obviously.CONCLUSIONS Establishing the quality standard management system of ISO and persevering in the principle of plan,carry out, check,manage,feedback and continue to improve could advance canonical and sientific(managment) to the control of hospital infection,and improve the control quality of hospital infection.

Objective To study the scale and structure of health professional education in China's colleges and universities and their changes from 1998 to 2012. Method Descriptive analyses of national data were conducted, mainly including calculation of absolute numbers, average rates of change per year, and percentages. Results The number of colleges and universities involved in health professional education increased from 189 in 1998 to 590 in 2012.The number of health professional students who were enrolled by, studied in and graduated from these colleges and universities respec-tively reached 587 thousand, 2 104 thousand, and 508 thousand in 2012, with annual growth rates of about 15 percent. The proportion of diploma graduates rose from 42.9 percent in 1998 to 54.0 percent in 2012, which was bigger than those of students at other education levels. In 2012, health professional educational institutions per 10 million popu-lation in western China was less than eastern and middle China by 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. Health profes-sional graduates per 10 thousand population in western China was less than eastern and middle China by 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. Public institutions and their students respectively accounted for 78.1 percent and 85.1 percent though private institutions and their students increased more quickly than public ones. Student-faculty ratio rose from 7.1∶1 in 1998 to 20.0∶1 in 2012. Conclusion The scale of health profes-sional education has been expanding at a decreasing growth rate in China. The disciplinary composition of health professional students has some-what improved and private schools increased at a quicker rate than public ones. However, the gap in scale of education between western China and middle/eastern China has been widening. Education re-sources per student cannot keep pace with the expansion of students, which has affected education of health professionals in many aspects.

Objective To study the biological effects of dose radiotherapy for primary liver cancer patients with stereotactic body portion.Methods 80 patients with primary liver cancer were selected.According to a random number table method, all patients were divided into observation group and control group,40 patients in each group.All patients were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment, the observation group was treated with high dose, while the control group received low-dose.The radiotherapy effects of different doses were analyzed and compared.Results After treatment, the effective rate of the observation group was 77.5%,which of the control group was 55.0%, ,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2=4.528,P=0.033).After treatment for 6 months,1 year and 2 years, the survival rates of the observation group were 77.5%,75.0%,72.5%, which were significantly higher than 55.5%,52.5%,50.0% of the control group (P<0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 42.5%, which was significantly lower than 72.5% of the control group (x2=7.365,P=0.006).Conclusion Stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment with different therapeutic dose has different treatment efficacy, high-dose SBRT treatment has significantly higher efficacy, survival rate and lower adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To test the drug susceptibilities in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microscopic observation drug susceptibility(MODS)and evaluate the method for the detection susceptibility in second-line drugs.Methods To set up the MODS method.the drug susceptibilities of 4 second-line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested in 24 well plates.The test conditions were discussed.The resistance to protionamide(PTH),amikacin(AMK),capreomycin(CPM)and levofloxacin(LVF)of 60 MTB isolated from 2007 to 2008 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were detected and compared with that of L-J method.The isolates were tested by minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)method when the drug susceptibilities were not consistent.Results Among the 60 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.the results of drug susceptibility were confirmed by MODS,absolute concentration method and the accordance rate of PTH,AMK,CPM and LVF were 96.7%(58/60),98.3%(59/60),91.7%(55/60)and 96.7%(58/60),respectively.If the result of absolute concentration method was as the standard.the sensitivity.specificity.positive and negative predictive value as well as accuracy were 100%,87.5%,87.5%,100%and 96.7%in PTH;100%,90.0%,90.0%,100%and 98.3% in AMK;76.9%,95.7%,83.3%,93.8%,91.7% in CPM;100%,96.0%,83.3%,100% and 96.7% in LVF respectively detected by MODS assay.Conclusion MODS is a rapid and simple method for susceptibility testing of second-line drug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of occult spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults.Methods To review and summarize the imaging data and treatment process of 22 cases of occult spontaneous pneumothorax.Results Surgical treatment was performed in 22 patients.Among them,VATS operation in 18 cases,VATMoperation in 4 cases.Operation difficulty was severe adhesion free existed in the apex of lung and pleural top.22 patients with the successful completion of the operation,no major bleeding during the operation,no open chest surgery.1 -3 years follow -up without recurrence.Conclusion Surgical treatment is the first choice for occult spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults.Often due to severe adhesion of the chest,surgery is difficult,the surgeon should be fully prepared before surgery.Patients with good prognosis,due to the difficulty of early diagnosis,clinicians should pay attention to.

Objective To explore the influence of ozone therapy on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis,and to investigate the possible mechanism.Methods Sixty-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into observation group and control group by random digits table method with 31 cases each.The patients of observation group were treated with ozone,while the patients of control group were treated with hyaluronic acid once a week for 5 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated and the level of hs-CRP and MMP-3 in synovial fluid were detected before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 100.00％ (31/31),significantly higher than that in control group [87.10％ (27/31)],and there was significant difference (x2 =4.28,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the level of hs-CRP and MMP-3 in observation group was (6.68 ±2.15) mg/L,(69.84 ± 16.97) μ g/L,significantly lower than that in control group [(8.72 ± 2.39) mg/L,(85.43 ± 19.52) tμ g/L],and there was significant difference (t =3.53,3.36,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is significant effect of ozone therapy of patients with knee osteoarthritis,its mechanism may be reducing the level of MMP-3 and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

OBJECTIVE To set up and evaluate the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay(MODS)technology and use it to detect rapidly Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).METHODS The 24-hole cell culture plate method of liquid culture were used to set up MODS technology.The MODS technology was used to detect MTB and non-M.tuberculosis(NMT)isolates comparing with Lowenstein-Jensen(L-J) method.RESULTS When bacterial concentration was 3?103 CFU/ml,the time of reading test-result was the seventh day by MODS;four kinds of NMT(M.phlei,M.kansasii,M.chelonaeand M.marinum) in the liquid medium in the observation was similar to the growth of cording,it was difficult to distinct from the cording of MTB in the liquid medium;When using the 4-Nitro-benzoic acid 800 ?g/ml,thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazine 2.5 ?g/ml for testing conditions,the correct diagnosis can be improved;the test results of clinical isolates by MODS were highly concordance rate with the results of L-J.If the results of L-J was the golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value as well as accuracy by MODS was 95.7%,100%,100%,99.9% and 97% respectively.CONCLUSIONS The results of MODS in detection of MTB are highly concordance wih the results of L-J method;MODS assay can be used for rapid detection of tuberculosis,with a rapid,simple,inexpensive,and other advantages.

Objective To study the biological effect of different dose of satereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on hepatoma Hep G2 Cells.Methods Hep G2 hepatumor cells vitality of 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 Gy doses of SBRT were determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.The cell colony formation rate and the cell survival fraction were detected.The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of cyclin D1,Bax,Bcl-2,and caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blot.Results Hep G2 cells vitality was obvious inhibitory effect in different doses of SBRT,increasing with the SBRT dose,the cell vitality inhibition [2 Gy group (4.29 ± 0.63) ％,4 Gy group (19.37 ± 4.54) ％,6 Gy group (41.35 ±4.51)％,8 Gy group (86.34 ±5.68)％,10 Gy group (97.24 ±5.41)％] was increased,compared to 0 Gy group [(2.94 ± 0.52) ％],the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜0.05).The cell colony formation rate and survival score in different doses of SBRT were statistically lower than the control group,increasing with the SBRT dose,the cell colony formation rate [4 Gy group (83.15 ± 4.71),6 Gy group (65.23 ± 5.47),8 Gy group (41.28 ± 5.36),10 Gy group (8.14 ± 5.22)] and survival score [2 Gy group (95.49 ±3.21),4 Gy group (84.23 ±3.45),6 Gy group (66.08 ± 3.71),8 Gy group (41.82 ± 3.82),10 Gy group (8.25 ± 3.56)] were decreased,compared to 0 Gy group [(98.72 ± 1.23),(100.00 ±0.00)],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).The cell apoptosis in different doses of SBRT was increased,increasing with the SBRT dose,the Hep G2 cells apoptosis [4 Gy group (13.67 ±4.62),6 Gy group (28.71 ±5.13),8 Gy group (54.16 ±5.24),10 Gy group (76.31 ± 5.17)] were significantly increased,compared to 0 Gy group (1.35 ±0.46),the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of cyclinD1,Bax,Bcl-2,and caspase-3 protein in different doses of SBRT were decreased,increasing with the SBRT dose,the cyclin D1 [6 Gy group (1.94 ± 0.57),8 Gy group (1.38 ± 0.41),10 Gy group (0.52 ± 0.34)],Bax[6 Gy group (2.67 ±0.59),8 Gy group (1.73 ±0.45),10 Gy group (0.63 ±0.37)],Bcl-2 [4 Gy group (1.78 ±0.41),6 Gy group (1.03 ±0.35),8 Gy group (0.76 ±0.28),10 Gy group (0.38 ± 0.21)],Caspase-3 [6 Gy group (0.76 ± 0.31),8 Gy group (0.42 ± 0.24),and 10 Gy group (0.24 ± 0.21)] were obviously decreased,compared to 0 Gy group [(3.41 ± 0.75),(4.36 ± 0.87),(2.57 ± 0.46),(1.67 ± 0.55)],the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Different dose of SBRT can reduce Hep G2 cell vitality,enhance radiation sensitivity,have a dose dependent,maybe related to promote cell apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of protein expression.

Objective To study the effect of microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS)for testing Mycobacteri-um tuberculosis in sputum ,and to evaluate its clinical value .Methods A total of 150 sputum samples were collected from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis ,and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected by Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) method and MODS ,and compared the results of the two methods .Results The concordance rates of the test results of sputum sample between MODS and L-J was 77 .8% .The sensitivity and specificity of MODS were 93 .3% and 70 .0% ,positive predictive value (PPV ) was 60 .8% , negative predictive value (NPV) was 95 .4% ,as well as accuracy by MODS was 77 .8% .Conclusion MODS assay could be used as a rapid tuberculosis detection method ,with rapid ,sensitive ,simple ,and other advantages .