Potential toxicities of three classes of dyes and pigments were introduced in this review. Some azo/benzidine dyes, anthraquinone dyes and triarylmethane dyes have carcinogenicity,some azo/benzidine dyes and anthraquinone dyes may cause skin irritation, some noncarcinogenic triarylmethane dyes have risk of serious damage to eyes and may exert long term adverse effects on the aquatic environment.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative injury due to increased intracellular peroxides leads to more frequent onset of epileptic seizure, and the consumption of peroxides through oxidation-reduction played an important role in protection of the central nervous system neurons.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes of antioxidants in plasma and erythrocyte of patients with epilepsy.DESIGN: Nonrandomized, paralleled, concurrent controlled study.SETTING: Department of laboratory, psychology, and pharmacy in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 32 epileptic patients were diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University between March and December 2000 according to the diagnostic and classification criteria of International League Against Epilepsy. The patients consisted of 17 male and 15 female subjects aged from 27 to 59 years, all of whom denied previous anti-epileptic drug exposure(epileptic group) . Another 26concurrent epileptic patients, including 16 male and 10 female subjects aged from 24 to 58 years, confirmed according to the same criteria and treated at the Department of Neurology were also recruited in this study, who reported a history of anti-epileptic therapy with phenobarbiturals for more than one year without acute onset of epileptic seizures during this period(treatment group) .Totally 39 normal controls including 23 male and 16 female subjects were enrolled from those receiving routine health examinations with normal physical indexes. Informed consent was obtained from all these participants.METHODS: Fasting venous blood(2 mL) were collected from each subject at 8:00 - 9:00 am. Enzyme-coupled continuous monitoring was employed to determine the activity of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ), and catalase (CAT). Pyrogallol autoxidation colorimetry was used to determine the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase(SOD) .The level of erythrocyte malonaldehyde(MDA) was examined with improved TBA colorimetry. Meanwhile hemoglobin(HB) concentration and osmotic fragility of incubated erythrocytes(expressed as the hemolytic percentage)were examined. Plasma vitamin A, C, and E were also determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasna ceruloplasmin(CER) was examined with immunodiffusion assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The activity of EGR, GSH-Px, SOD,CAT, content of MDA, erythrocyte hemolytic percentage and the levels of CER and vitamin A, C, E.RESULTS: Only one patient failed to complete the treatment. Erythrocyte MDA content, hemolytic percentage, activity of GSH-Px, and CAT, and CER in epileptic group [ ( 176. 5 ± 12.0) μmol/L, (3.32 ± 0.95 )%, ( 1 503.6±130.0) nkat/g, (75.3±14.6) K/g, (487.0±25.4) mg/L] and treatment group[(129.5±7.4) μmol/L, (1.52±0.20)%, (1 323.6± 95.0) nkat/g, (64.2 ± 10. 1) K/g, (345.0 ± 15.2) mg/L] were significantly higher than those in the control group( t = 2.46 -3.89, P ＜ 0.05 ], but the activity of erythrocyte GR and SOD and the content of plasma vitamin A, E,C[(101.7 ± 13.3) nkat/g, (20.2 ±0. 8) μkat/g, (1. 18 ±0. 83) μmol/L,(20.7 ±4. 5) μmol/L, (20. 6 ±3.6) μmol/L, and(213.4 ±45.0) nkat/g,(28.5 ±0. 9) μkat/g, (3. 14 ±0. 30) μmol/L, (40. 5 ±6.6) μmol/L,(38. 1 ±5.1) μmol/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 2.46 - 2.97, P ＜ 0. 05). The activity of GR and SOD and plasma vitamin A, C content of normal control group were significantly higher than those in the epileptic group [(161.7±25.0) nkat/g, (26.7±0.9) μkat/g, (2.09±0. 35) μmol/L, (26.2 ±4. 1) μmol/L, t =2.46 -2.66, P ＜0.05].CONCLUSION: The decrement of intracellular GSH-Px and SOD, and plasma levels of vitamin A, C, E, and CER in epileptic patients can be indicative of the activity of the free radicals during the onset of epileptic seizures.

Objective:To compare the clinical utility of 18F-fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Methods:From May 2020 to September 2021, the images of 43 lung cancer patients (32 males, 11 females, age: 37-80 years) who pathologically confirmed and received 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT within 2 weeks in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were prospectively analyzed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI-42 and the number of lesions detected by 2 imaging methods were compared by using paired t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results:The 43 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients included 35 adenocarcinoma, 2 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 small cell lung cancer, and 2 high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. 18F-FAPI-42 had a very high tumor uptake (SUV max: 12.24±3.97) and lesion detection rate (positive rate: 100%(37/37)) in primary lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The uptake of 18F-FAPI-42 in lymph node (10.13±5.43), pleura (6.75(4.96, 8.58)) and bone lesion (7.18(4.33, 9.66)) were significantly higher than those of 18F-FDG (6.35±3.30, 2.69(1.81, 5.00), 4.38(2.96, 6.36); t=12.19, z values: 5.47, 5.79, all P<0.001). In lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, although the uptake of 18F-FAPI-42 in brain metastases was significantly lower than that of 18F-FDG (0.72(0.15, 1.82) vs 6.53(4.65, 9.34); z=6.42, P<0.001), the tumor/background (T/B) ratio was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (3.54(1.15, 14.88) vs 0.96(0.77, 1.04); z=6.05, P<0.001). In lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the number of lesions detected by 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT was significantly more than that of 18F-FDG (lymph node: 6.0(2.3, 11.5) vs 4.5(2.0, 10.8); brain: 2.0(1.0, 3.0) vs 0.0(0.0, 0.0); pleura: 6.0(2.8, 10.0) vs 4.0(0.8, 5.5); z values: 2.16, 3.10, 2.04, all P<0.05). However, in high-grade neuroendocrine tumors and small cell lung cancer, the SUV max of 18F-FAPI-42 in primary lesions (8.05±2.60), lymph node lesions (5.98±2.21) and brain lesions (0.44(0.13, 0.82)) were lower than those of 18F-FDG (16.28±5.17, 12.30±5.47, 4.94(4.84, 6.25); t values: 3.58, 7.52, z=3.06, all P<0.05). Conclusions:In lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, 18F-FAPI-42 has a very high tumor uptake and lesion detection rate in primary tumor. In addition, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT shows clearer tumor contours and more lesions. Therefore, 18F-FAPI-42 is more suitable for preliminary staging of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma than 18F-FDG, while the opposite is true in small cell lung cancer and high-grade neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pedicled omentum packing of pelvic floor after laparoscopic Miles precedure in the prevention of short-term postoperative complications.Methods:Seventy-two patients undergoing laparoscopic combined abdominal perineal resection for rectal cancer at He'nan Tumor Hospital from Jan 2014 to Aug 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The observation group underwent pelvic floor reconstruction with pedicled omentum, while in control group the pelvic floor was leaving unconstructed.Results:There was no intestinal obstruction in the observation group. There were 5 cases of intestinal obstruction in the control group. Three were recovered by conservative treatment, 2 cases underwent laparotomy and 1 case underwent anastomosis between small intestine and small intestine. The incidence of intestinal obstruction between 2 groups was statistically different (0 vs. 14%, χ2=5.083, P=0.024 ). The operation time, hospital stay between the two groups were statistically different [(195±13) min vs. (159±9) min, t=10.047, P=0.000; (11.9±0.9) d vs. (14.9±2.1) d, t=-5.996, P=0.000 ). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in the incidence of presacral infection , pulmonary infection, venous thrombosis and intraoperative blood loss (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:Pedicled greater omentum used in pelvic floor reconstruction after laparoscopic Miles procedure reduces the incidence of short-term postoperative complications, especially of intestinal obstruction.

Objective:To investigate the types, surgical treatments of complex intestinal fistula after radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods:The clinical data and treatment of 26 patients with complex intestinal fistula after radiotherapy for cervical cancer at Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan 2013 to Jan 2020 were reviewed .Results:Eleven patients were with recto-vaginal fistula, 1 patient with sigmoido-vesical fistula, 5 patients with combined rectal, vaginal and vesical fistula, 7 patients with low rectal fistula and peripheral infection, and 2 patients with ileo-vaginal stump fistula after radical resection of cervical cancer and adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients were underwent the surgery, including 9 patients for total pelvic or posterior pelvic resection, 6 patients for rectum or sigmoid colectomy, bladder or vaginal repair, 7 patients were done for Hartmann surgery, and 1 patient underwent segmental resection, enteroanastomosis and vaginal repair, 3 patients for transverse colostomy or proximal ileostomy. No major postoperative complications occurred . The symptoms of intestinal fistula in all patients were dissolved, and the perineal pain was significantly relieved in 23 patients. The symptoms of ileal fistula reccurred in 2 patients within 1 year after operation, and there was no mortality.Conclusions:The rectal related intestinal fistula is the most common complex intestinal fistula after radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer. The point of surgical treatment is to remove the diseased rectum or ileum.