OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship of bone cement distribution and the puncture angle in the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures with unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).

METHODSThe clinical data of 37 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures underwent PKP between January 2013 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, all punctures were performed unilaterally. There were 6 males, aged from 65 to 78 years old with an average of (71.83 ± 6.15) years; and 31 females, aged from 57 to 89 years old with an average of (71.06 ± 7.89) years. Imaging data were analyzed and puncture angle and puncture point were measured before operation. According to the measured data, the puncture were performeds during the operation. Distribution area of bone cement were calculated by X-rays data after operation. The effect of bone cement distribution on suitable puncture angle was analyzed; VAS score was used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSThe puncture angle of thoracic vertebrae in T8-T12 was from 28° to 33° with an average 30.4°; and the puncture angle of lumbar vertebrae in L1-L5 was from 28° to 35° with an average of 31.3°. Postoperative X-rays showed the area ratios of bilateral bone cement was 0.97 ± 0.15. Bilateral diffuse area were basic equal. Postoperative VAS score decreased significantly (1.89 ± 1.29 vs 7.03 ± 1.42).

CONCLUSIONThrough measure imaging data before operation with PKP,the puncture point and entry point can be confirmed. According the measured data to puncture during operation, unilateral puncture can reach the distribution effect of the bilateral puncture in the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; methods ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Spinal Puncture ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To study the medical image three dimensional visualization system(MI-3DVS)in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis.Methods The data of 64-slice spiral computed tomography of 54 patients with hepatolithiasis who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical University from August 2008 to August 2010 were collected.The liver and bile duct were three dimensionally(3D)constructed.Preoperative diagnosis and pathological classification were made according to the results of the 3D model of liver and bile duct.The optimal surgical procedure was determined by simulating operations based on the 3D model.The compliance of simulated operation and actual operation was observed,and residual stones were detected by cholangiography.Results Of the 54 patients,11 were with type Ⅰ,5 with type Ⅱ(including 2 patients with type Ⅱ a and 3 with Ⅱ b),38 with type E.There were 23 patients with intrahepatic bile duct stricture and 27 with atrophy-hypertrophy syndrome complex.The anatomy of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct,dilation and stricture of the bile duct,site,size and number of the bile duct stones were clearly displayed in the MI-3DVS.The compliance rate of simulated surgery and actual surgery was 94%(51/54).There was no residual stones in 51 patients who received elective surgery and the rate of residual stone of the 54 patients was 6%(3/54).Conclusion Acurate preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative precise operation can be achieved and the rate of residual stone can be reduced by using the MI-3DVS.

Objective:The effect of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical hepatectomy was assessed. Methods:A total of 478 HBV-HCC patients treated by radical hepatectomy were retrospectively col-lected. Patients in the treatment group (n=141) received postoperative lamivudine therapy (100 mg/d), whereas patients in the control group (n=337) did not. Recurrence-free survival rates, overall survival rates, treatments for recurrent HCC and cause of death were com-pared between the two groups. Propensity score matching was also conducted to reduce confounding bias between the groups. Results:The one-, three-, and five-year recurrence-free survival rates didn't significantly differ between the two groups (P=0.778);however, the one-, three-, and five-year overall survival rates in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.002). Similar results were observed in the matched data. Subgroup analysis showed that antiviral treatment conferred a significant sur-vival benefit for Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer stage A/B patients. Following HCC recurrence, more people in the treatment group were able to choose curative treatments than those in the control group (P=0.031). For cause of death, fewer people in the treatment group died of liver failure than those in the control group (P=0.041). Conclusion:Postoperative antiviral therapy increases chances of receiving curative treatments for recurrent HCC and prevents death because of liver failure, thereby significantly prolonging overall sur-vival, especially in early-or intermedian-stage tumors.

?AlM: To evaluate the clinical effects and security of posterior chamber implantable Collamer lens ( lCL ) implantation in patients with extreme highly myopia.
?METHODS:ln this study, 18 patients ( 32 eyes ) with extreme highly myopic patients who had undergone posterior chamber lCLs implantation from July 2010 to July 2013 were evaluated. Diopter -10. 5 ~ 19. 0D, and astigmia -0. 5 ~4. 5DC. Changes in intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , refraction, visual acuity and corneal endothelium, anterior chamber depth, iris, high arch, lens were noted at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3mo and 1a after surgery respectively, and follow-up was of 1a.
? RESULTS: Before surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) were 0. 01~0. 05, and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA) were 0. 4 ~ 1. 0. One month after surgery, the UCVA were 0. 5~1. 2. The mean vault were 547±222 μm (95%CI 442~672μm) and 528±268μm (95%CI 354 ~635μm) for 1mo and 1a, respectively (P = 0. 81), and there was no significant difference. Anterior subcapsular opacities in 1 eye, mild and transient increase in lOP in 3 eyes, and chronic pigment dispersion in 2 eyes were observed. There was no serious complication.
?CONCLUSlON: Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is an effective and safe method for correcting patients with extreme highly myopia.

BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to investigate changes in mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), collagen I, and collagen III in autogenous vein grafts.

METHODSTwenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 rabbits each. The external jugular veins of the New Zealand rabbits were harvested and grafted into the ipsilateral carotid artery. All rabbits were fed with a standard diet. After the operation, the rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks. TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III mRNA levels in the venous grafts were measured by semiquantitative methods at every time point. The contralateral external jugular veins were also harvested and analyzed as controls. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as an internal standard to normalize all samples for potential variations in mRNA content. In order to observe the expression of TGF-beta protein, immunohistochemical SABC methods were used.

RESULTSOne week postoperation, the mRNA level of TGF-beta was upregulated to 1.73 +/- 0.19 in the vein graft and 1.21 +/- 0.16 in the control vein (P < 0.01). High mRNA levels were maintained until week 4 postoperation. The mRNA levels of collagen I and collagen III were also significantly increased to 2.18 +/- 0.21 versus 1.12 +/- 0.24 and 1.08 +/- 0.13 versus 0.83 +/- 0.12, respectively (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed a higher density of TGF-beta expression in the vein grafts.

CONCLUSIONSAn uninterrupted increase in mRNA levels of TGF-beta, collagen I, and collagen III is observed in autogenous vein grafts. This increase may be the major cause of intimal hyperplasia, sclerosis, and even graft failure.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; Collagen Type III ; genetics ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Jugular Veins ; transplantation ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; genetics ; Transplantation, Autologous

Bilingual teaching is adapted to the development of higher education in china.Based on actual fact of college,teaching mode,evaluation and effect of bilingual teaching on medical microbiology were studied,which started with necessity of bilingual teaching to use original edition teaching material in English. The result would provide some gist to choice the suitable pattern of bilingual teaching for other subject of our college.

To develop Students' Practical Ability according to the teaching requirement and culture aim of preventive medicine major,the teaching plan,teaching content,teaching methods,and experimental check-ing methods were explored and the experimental teaching pattern of medical microbiology adapted to pre-ventive medicine major was constructed.The investigation showed that the experimental teaching pattern helped to cultivate the students' operating ability,thinking of scientific research and ability of aggregate and solving analysis.Moreover,it helped to develop the students' co-operative consciousness and team spirit.It indicated that the new pattern was superior to the traditional experimental teaching.

Objective To evaluate the risk of plague occurrence via surveying and analyzing indoor rat density and flea index in natural villages having previous plague experience. Methods During August to September 2007, 30 natural villages experiencing previous plague were selected based on the surveillance data, and then all households were coded with numbers and 20 households in each village were randomly selected via computer. Cages and sticky papers were set in 600 selected households to capture rats and fleas. Rat density, flea prevalence, flea index and median were estimated. Results One hundred thirty-three Rattus flavipectus and 33 Suncus murinus were caught and averaged rat density was 2.8 rats per one hundred cage. nights (166/6000), the median was 5 rats each village. One hundred and one mice infected fleas, flea prevalence on rats was 60.8% (101/166), 296 Xenopsylla cheopis and 48 Leptopsylla segnis were collected. Rat flea index was 2.1 fleas per rat (344/166). A total of 315 dissociated flea was caught, average dissociated flea index was 0.026 fleas per sticky paper (315/11888). The median was 5.5 dissociated fleas per village. Of dissociated fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (205) and Xenopsylla cheopis (103) accounted for 97.8% (308/315). The proportion for species of the rat flea and the dissociated flea was different(Fisher test: P < 0.01). The rat flea was significantly associated with the rat density(r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but the dissociated flea was significantly associated with neither the rat density(r = -yield than fried wheat batter(χ2 = 5.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions In these villages having previous plague experience of Lianghe County, Rattusflavipectus was dominant species of indoor rats, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis were dominant species of rat flea and dissociated flea, respectively. Mengsong, Bangdu, and Tangjiatun village had potential risk of plague emergence.

Objective To observe the electrocardiogram changes of threatened crowds in Keshan disease (KSD) endemic area in Shandong province. Methods In 2008,inhabitants from 21 villages of Zoucheng,Sishui,Tengzhou, Yishui, Pingyi, Wulian, Juxian and Qingzhou regions were selected as subjects undergoing electrocardiogram. No less than 100 people were chosen from each village and the examination rate was not lower than 85%. Results Among the 3378 inhabitants investigated,460 cases showed abnormal electrocardiogram and the total incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram was 13.62% (460/3378). The relatively high incidence was T-wave changes,QRS low voltage and ST-T changes,the detection rate being respectively 2.69% (91/3378), 1.92% (65/3378) and 1.72% (41/3378). The highest incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram (26.76%,55/213),the intermediate(21.50%,43/200) and the lowest(5.50%,12/218) was respectively found in Pingyi,Qingzhou and Sishui. Conclusions The threatened crowds in KSD endemic area in Shandong province are still in a state of high abnormal electrocardiogram detection,and electrocardiogram is of great value in the evaluation of KSD patients.

Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal Leucine-rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) in neuropathic pain in rats.Methods:Fifty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-7 weeks, weighing 210-245 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), neuropathic pain group (NP group), low dose GNE-7915 group (low-dose GNE-7915 group), medium-dose GNE-7915 group (medium-dose GNE-7915 group), and high-dose GNE-7915 group (high-dose GNE-7915 group). Neuropathic pain was induced by the spared nerve injury in anesthetized rats. At 7 days after developing the model, LRRK2 inhibitor GNE-7915 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected in low-, medium- and high-dose GNE-7915 groups, respectively. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before developing the model, at 7 days after developing the model, and at 4 h after injecting the inhibitor. After measurement of the pain threshold, the rats were sacrificed and the spinal cord tissues were taken for determination of the positive expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1) (by immunofluorescence staining), contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), positive expression of phosphorylated LRRK2 (p-LRRK2) (by immunofluorescence staining), and expression of LRRK2, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-18 (by immunoblotting). The ratio of p-LRRK2/LRRK2 was calculated. Results:Compared with C group, the MWT was significantly decreased, the TWL was shortened, the proportion of Iba-1 and p-LRRK2 positive cells in spinal cord tissues, contents of IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-18, and p-LRRK2/LRRK2 ratio were increased, and the expression of IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-18 proteins was up-regulated in NP group ( P<0.05). Compared with NP group, the MWT was significantly increased, the TWL was prolonged, the proportion of Iba-1 and p-LRRK2 positive cells in spinal cord tissues, contents of IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-18, and p-LRRK2/LRRK2 ratio were decreased, and the expression of IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-18 proteins was down-regulated in low-, medium- and high-dose GNE-7915 groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:LRRK2 in the spinal cord may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain by activating microglia and inducing inflammatory responses in rats.