Objective To evaluate the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation training on the patients with schizophrenia by Meta-analysis.Methods Articles were searched form PubMed (2001 to 2011), EMCC(1995 to 2011), CNKI(1989 to 2011), VIP(1989 to 2011), and CBM(1989 to 2011), which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) about comprehensive rehabilitation training for schizophrenia. Quality of included articles was assessed with Jadad Scale, and the available data were analyzed with RevMan 5.0 software. Results 596 related articles were identified, but only 16 eligible articles were included. All the trials were of low quality. Meta-analysis showed that compared comprehensive rehabilitation training could improve the scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) =-9.21, 95% CI(-10.83, -7.59), Z=11.6, P<0.00001], activites of daily living (ADL) [WMD=-5.84, 95% CI(-8.74, -2.94), Z=3.94, P<0.0001], Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) total score [WMD=27.50, 95%CI(16.18,38.81), Z=4.76, P<0.00001] and total score of negative factors [WMD=-13.60, 95%CI(-22.41, -4.80),Z=3.03, P=0.002], compared with those in routine care/management group. There was no significant difference between both groups in Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) [WMD=-2.50, 95% CI(-5.33, 0.33), Z=1.73, P=0.08] and NOSIE total positive factor score [WMD=15.00, 95%CI(-2.06, 32.06), Z=1.72, P=0.08]. Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation training can reduce the positive and negative symptoms, improving the ability of daily living and quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy alone and prognostic factors for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were admitted to our hospital and mostly treated with chemoradiotherapy alone from 2003 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Three of the patients received radiotherapy alone. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), progression?free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis?free survival ( DMFS ) rates, and the log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results In all patients, the 3?and 5?year OS rates were 53?2% and 33?2%, respectively, while the 3?and 5?year PFS rates were 37% and 31%, respectively. During the follow?up, 15 patients (32%) had local progression with PFS of 1?60 months (median PFS, 14 months);23 patients (49%) had distant metastasis with DMFS of 2?60 months ( median DMFS, 17 months) . Patients treated with high?dose radiotherapy had significantly lower 3?and 5?year local progression rates than patients treated with medium?dose radiotherapy ( 11% vs. 54%;11%vs. 57%;P=0?004). After chemoradiotherapy, 9 patients (19%) had clinical complete response (cCR), and the 3?and 5?year OS and PFS rates in those patients were all 8/9. The univariate analysis indicated that tumor distance from the anus and cCR were influencing factors for prognosis ( P= 0?026;P= 0?000 ) . However, the multivariate analysis showed that cCR was the only influencing factor for survival ( HR=12?24;95% CI, 1?64 ?91?29;P= 0?015 ) . Conclusions Chemoradiotherpay or radiotherapy alone is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have to give up surgery or have unresectable tumors. High?dose radiotherapy may improve local control rate. Complete response to chemoradiotherapy predicts satisfactory treatment outcomes.

Objective To investigate the glucose metabolic pattern of brain functional loop in patients with refractory obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) using 18 F-FDG PET.Methods Eight patients with refractory OCD and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers underwent 18F-FDG PET brain imaging.SPM software was used for image post-processing and quantitative analysis.Correlation analysis between 18F-FDG uptake and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale(Y-BOCS) score was performed.Results Compared with the controls,the glucose metabolism of bilateral frontal cortices ( including the rectal gyrus,orbital gyrus and cingulate gyrus),left thalamus,right temporal lobe and bilateral cerebellum in refractory OCD patients increased significantly ( Zmax =3.45 - 5.80,all P ＜ 0.001 ).Bilateral motor cortices and bilateral parietal lobes (BA7),however,showed decreased glucose metabolism (Zmax =3.44 - 4.46,all P ＜0.001 ).Y-BOCS score was positively correlated with the glucose metabolism of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (Zmax =3.77,3.48 and 2.97,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions There is a characteristic metabolic pattern of increased glucose utilization in the fronto-striato-thalamic loop and decreased glucose utilization in bilateral motor cortices and parietal lobes in patients with OCD.The glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex might serve as a quantitative parameter for the assessment of the severity of OCD.

Objective To detect the expressions of DNA damage checkpoint genes including A TR, A TM, Chk1 and Chk2 in human primary gliomns and explore their relations with tumor progression. Methods SYBRTM Green real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expressions of ATR, A TM, Chk1 and Chk2 genes in 35 cases of primary gliomas and 10 of normal brain tissues. Results In glioma tissues of various pathological grades, the expressions of the target genes, with the exception of A TM gene, were significantly increased as compared to those in normal brain tissues (P<0.05). Chk1 gene expression was significantly higher in grade Ⅳ than in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found in A TR or Chk2 gene expression between grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas (P>0.05). Conclusion The up-regulation of ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 genes in primary glioma suggests their association with the pathogenesis of glioma. Chk1 expression may indicate the malignancy of glioma and help evaluate the pathological grade of glioma.

Through analyzing the influencing factors of congenital heart disease (CHD), it is aimed to establish CHD risk prediction model in fetus, and simultaneously provide theoretical foundation for CHD prevention. One-factor logistic regression method was used to screen the significant factors regarding CHD, and to separately adopt multiple-factor non-conditional logistic regression method and decision tree to set up model prediction fetus CHD risk and to analyze the advantages and shortcomings. Correct classification rates turned to be 80.93% and 82.79% respectively among 215 'training samples' by the two methods and the rates were 85.45 % and 89.09% respectively among 55 'testing samples'. The alliance of logistic regression and decision tree can overcome influence by co-linearity to guarantee the accuracy and perfection, as well as promoting the predictive accuracy.

Objective To provide evidence for setting up violence intervention programs in rural middle schools, through studying the influential factors. Methods Taking variables including emotional, physical and sexual violence in the past year as the multi-dependent variables before multivariate multilevel model logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the correlations among the three kinds of violence and the influential factors. Results Among 3620 respondents, the incidence rates of emotional, physical and sexual violence weres 21.5%, 24.3% and 2.0% respectively. The correlation coefficients between emotional violence vs. physical violence, emotional violence vs. sexual violence, physical violence vs. sexual violence were 0.337,0.133, 0.131 respectively when the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model. There was an internal aggregation of the incidence rate on physical violence in different grades (X2=4.286, P=0.038) and an internal relevant between emotional violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.239, P=0,039), physical violence vs. sexual violence (X2=4.482, P=0.034). The influential factors on the incidence rates of violence would include:sex, smoking status, family without harmony, tendency of bullying others and the level on self-esteem etc. Conclusion When the random effect of class difference was separated by multivariate multilevel model, the estimated results would be more precise. Other than paying more attention to both individual and family influential factors when taking measures to reduce the incidence rate of violence in high school students, the effect of environment in the class should not be ignored.

OBJECTIVETo compare the specificity and sensitivity of two genotyping approaches for human papillomavirus (HPV).

METHODHPV DNA was amplified and detected in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction in a pair of universal primers MY09/11, and then genotyped with either sequencing method or liquid chip hybridization method (luminex method).

RESULTSequencing method obtained precise genotyping results in single-type HPV infection, while luminex method obtained accurate genotyping results in multiple-type HPV infection.

CONCLUSIONA combined method using both sequencing and luminex method is suitable for the genotyping of HPV-infected specimens.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Female Urogenital Diseases ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective:To investigate the effect of Suanzaoren Tang on mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Method:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， estazolam group （0.18 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low- （6.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （12.96 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Suanzaoren Tang groups. Rats in all groups except for the control group received subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and then were deprived of sleep using the multiple platform method after the last administration. Following successful modeling， the rats in each group were treated with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs for seven consecutive days. The morphology of mitochondria in hypothalamus was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase in hypothalamus were detected by spectrophotometry. Western blotting was conducted to determine the protein expression levels of cytochrome C （Cyt C）， B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3） in hypothalamus. Result:In the control group， there was no obvious pathological change in mitochondria， which were moderate in size and oval or spindle in shape， with the cristae arranged orderly. Compared with the control group， the model group exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology， manifested as obvious swelling， vacuolation， myelin figures， and cristae rupture and reduction. The comparison with the model group revealed that both the estazolam group and high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group alleviated the mitochondrial damage and reduced the vacuolation and swelling. Only some cristae rupture was present. The improvements were more obvious in the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group. Compared with the control group， the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， whereas the protein expression levels of Cyt C， Bax， and Caspase-3 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the estazolam group and the high-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， while the protein expression levels of Cyt C， Bax， and Caspase-3 were significantly lowered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and the Bcl-2 protein expression in the low-dose Suanzaoren Tang group were increased significantly （P<0.01）， but the Bax protein expression was down-regulated （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang is able to improve the mitochondrial function of hypothalamic nerve cells and inhibit their apoptosis.

This study was aimed to explore whether the conditioned culture medium of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) has supportive effects on hematopoiesis in vitro. hUC-MSC were cultured in 75 cm(2) culture flasks at a concentration of 2×10(6) cells per flask. After 48 h, the conditioned culture medium was harvested. CD34(+) cells were isolated with the human cord blood CD34 positive selection kit. The CD34(+) cells were plated in three different culture systems: the culture supernatant from hUC-MSC added into incomplete methylcellulose without recombinant human cytokines as conditioned culture medium; the complete methylcellulose medium with recombinant human cytokines as positive control medium; incomplete methylcellulose adding DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS instead of conditioned culture medium as the negative control medium. After 14 days of culture, colonies containing ≥ 50 cells were scored and types of colonies were classified under inverted microscope. The immunophenotypes of cells which were collected from the colonies were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that conditioned culture medium of hUC-MSC supported the differentiation of CD34(+) cells into CFU-G (47.67 ± 0.58), CFU-GM (48.67 ± 4.73) and CFU-M (3.00 ± 2.00) in vitro, while the CFU-E, BFU-E or CFU-GEMM were absent. Comparatively, in the positive control medium all kinds of CFU were observed. Interestingly, the percentage of CD45(+)cells of CFU in conditioned culture medium (97.43 ± 2.15)% was more than CD45(+)cells in positive control medium (39.69 ± 0.96)% (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the conditioned culture medium of hUC-MSC has been confirmed to have ability to support hematopoiesis separately in vitro. Besides, it enhances the differentiation of CD34(+) cells into myeloid cells except cells of erythroid lineage.
Antigens, CD34 ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely malignant disease, which has an extremely low survival rate of <9% in the United States. As a new hallmark of cancer, metabolism reprogramming exerts crucial impacts on PDAC development and progression. Notably, arginine metabolism is altered in PDAC cells and participates in vital signaling pathways. In addition, arginine and its metabolites including polyamine, creatine, agmatine, and nitric oxide regulate the proliferation, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Due to the loss of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) expression, the key enzyme in arginine biosynthesis, arginine deprivation is regarded as a potential strategy for PDAC therapy. However, drug resistance develops during arginine depletion treatment, along with the re-expression of ASS1, metabolic dysfunction, and the appearance of anti-drug antibody. Additionally, arginase 1 exerts crucial roles in myeloid-derived suppressor cells, indicating its potential targeting by cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we introduce arginine metabolism and its impacts on PDAC cells. Also, we discuss the role of arginine metabolism in arginine deprivation therapy and immunotherapy for cancer.
Arginine/metabolism* ; Argininosuccinate Synthase ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy*