Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in rats with simulated high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).Methods Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into five groups:control (normal),HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema model),1 HBOT (HAPE model and HBO therapy for 1 time),2 HBOT (HAPE model and HBO therapy twice) and NOT (normal pressure oxygen therapy) groups,and was intervened accordingly.Western blotting and real-time PCR techniques were used to analyze the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in their lungs.The wet-todry (W/D) weight ratio and morphology of the lungs was also examined.Results The protein and gene expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the HAPE group decreased significantly compared with the control group.There were obvious differences in the protein and mRNA expression of AQP1 and AQP5 between the 2 HBOT group and the HAPE group and between the 2 HBOT group and the 1 HBOT group.Compared with the control group and the 1 HBOT group,marked lung injury could be seen in the HAPE group.Compared with the NOT group and the 1 HBOT group,lung injury in the 2 HBOT group was relieved significantly.Conclusions HAPE in rats is associated with down-regulation of the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the lungs.This down-regulation can be attenuated and lung injury can be alleviated by HBOT.Two sessions of HBOT could be more helpful than one for promoting this improvement.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Sangpa Zhike decoction in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Methods 180 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis admitted to Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in Changji,Xinjiang,from August 2012 to August 2013 were enrolled. They were divided into Sangpa Zhike decoction treatment group and western medicine treatment control group by random number table,90 cases in each group. General treatments were given to the two groups. In the Sangpa Zhike decoction treatment group,additionally only oral Sangpa Zhike decoction was given(composition:Morus alba 10 g,loquat leaf 10 g,Houttuynia 10 g,honey aster 15 g,honey coltsfoot flower 6 g,Zhejiang Fritillaria 12 g,perilla 10 g,white mustard seed 6 g,Platycodon grandiflorum 10 g,Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii 12 g,tangerine peel 6 g,Stemona 6 g). The ingredients were mixed in water and boiled to form a decoction,one dose daily,divided into two parts to be taken twice a day. In the western medicine treatment group,the infection was controlled by western medicine and the drugs to eliminate cough and phlegm,etc were used. The therapeutic course in both groups was 7 days. The therapeutic effect for treatment of TCM syndromes and the cough quantized integration score in the two groups were observed after treatment. Results The cure rate of Sangpa Zhike decoction treatment group was significantly higher than that of western medicine treatment control group〔70.00%(63/90)vs. 33.33%(30/90),P<0.01〕. Before treatment,the cough symptom quantization integral scores in the two groups had no statistically significance, but after treatment,the scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment. And the score in Sangpa Zhike decoction treatment group was decreased more significantly (1.66±1.12 vs. 4.36±2.32, P<0.01). Conclusion Sangpa Zhike Decoction has obvious curative effect in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis.

Objective To evaluate the role of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in spinal neurons in morphine tolerance (MT) in mice.Methods Pathogen-free healthy female Kunming mice,weighing 20-25 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were used in the study.MT was induced with morphine 10 mg/kg injected subcutaneously twice a day for 7 consecutive days.The experiment was performed in two parts.Experiment Ⅰ Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned into 2 groups:control group (group C,n =8) and MT group (group M,n=40).The thermal pain threshold (TPT) was measured at 1 day before morphine injection and 1,3,5,7 and 14 days after the end of injection.Eight mice in each group were sacrificed at 2 h after measurement of TPT at each time point after the end of injection in group M or at 2 h after the last measurement of TPT in group C,and the lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed.Experiment Ⅱ Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=8 each):SHH inhibitor cyclopamine plus MT group (group CP+M),cyclopamine solvent plus MT group (group D1 +M),SHH agonist SAG plus MT group (group SAG+M),SAG solvent plus MT group (group D2+M),MT plus cyclopamine group (group M+CP) and morphine plus cyelopamine solvent group (group M+D1).At 15 min before morphine injection,cyclopamine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group CP+M,and SAG 5 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group SAG+M.Cyclopamine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously once a day during the 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection in group M+CP.The TPT was measured before injection of morphine,at 30 min after the first injection of morphine every day and at 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection.The animals were sacrificed at 2 h after the last measurement of TPT,and the lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of SHH signaling pathway-related proteins SHH,ptch1,smo,gli1 and gli3 using Western blot.Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C,the TPT was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after the end of morphine injection (P＜0.05),no significant change was found in TPT at 5-14 days after the end of morphine injection (P＞0.05),and the expression of SHH,smo and glil at 1-5 days after the end of morphine injection,of ptchl at 1 and 3 days after the end of morphine injection and of gli3 at 7 days after the end of morphine injection was up-regulated in group M (P＜0.05).Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group D1+M,the TPT was significantly increased,the expression of SHH,ptchl,smo and glil was down-regulated,and gli3 expression was up-regulated in group C P+M (P＜0.05).Compared with group D2+M,the TPT was significantly decreased,the expression of SHH,ptch1,smo and glil was up-regulated,and gli3 expression was down-regulated in group SAG+M (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group M+CP and group M+D1 (P＞0.05).The TPT was significantly lower on 3rd-7th days after beginning of morphine injection and 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection than at 30 min after the first injection of morphine in group CP+M (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying the development of MT is partially related to activation of SHH signaling pathway in spinal neurons of mice,however,the maintenance mechanism has no marked relationship with it.

Psoriatic arthritis is an uncommon disease in the community and probably occurs in no more than 5 percent of the general psoriatic population. The authors experienced a patient who had the findings of mutilating type of psoriatic arthritis with severe joint deformities. A 30 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to multiple joint pain and deformities with wheel chair bound state. We report a case of mutilating type in the psoriatic arthritis with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Psoriatic* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Joints ; Wheelchairs

Objective To confirm whether taxotere combined with mild hyperthermia will have synergistic effects,and to explore their joint mechanism of action.Methods Firstly the effective concentration of taxotere was determined by using MTT method to observe the effect of docetaxel on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Then three samples of in vitro cultured human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were prepared,termed the the taxotere group,the taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group and the control group,and treated with effective concentration of taxotere exclusively or in combination with mild hyperthermia,or left without any special treatment.The taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group was subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the temperatures used (39.0 ℃,39.5 ℃,40.0 ℃,40.5 ℃,41.0 ℃) MTT assays were used to measure the proliferation and invasive capacity of the cells and their effective concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rates and any cell cycle changes in the control group.Western blotting was used to detect any changes in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs),Bcl-2/Bax,heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and P-gp.Results The taxotere with mild hyperthermia group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of apoptosis than that in the taxotere and control groups.There were also more cells in the G2/M phase observed.Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia was found after 24 h to have significantly increased p-ERK,p-JNK,p38,HSP-70 and P-gp protein levels and to have significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in contrast with the other two groups.Conclusions Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia showed synergistic effects in vitro.It seemed to be limiting the accumulation of MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase and activating the signal pathways of MAPKs while inhibiting the activation of Bcl-2/Bax signal pathways.Combining taxotere and mild hyperthermia can accelerate the expression of HSP70 and P-gp in MCF-7 cells.Hyperthermia might induce chemotherapy resistance.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an important liver malignancy next only to hepatocellular carcinoma, accounting for 15%-20% of primary liver cancer. In recent years, the incidence rate of ICC tends to increase globally; however, due to its insidious onset, high degree of malignancy, and strong invasive ability, most patients are in the advanced stage when attending the hospital and thus miss the most appropriate timing for surgery. With the continuous development of next-generation sequencing, the treatment of ICC gradually develops towards the direction of individualization and precision. This article introduces the basic research advances in the pathogenesis, molecular typing, and early diagnosis of ICC and reviews the clinical translational research of ICC in recent years, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment and clinical research of ICC.

Cannula ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Duodenal Diseases ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula/surgery*

Objective To analyze the effects of Leptospira interrogans ( L. interrogans) infection on the activation of NLRP3 in THP-1 and J774A. 1 cells and to further understand the mechanism of inflam-mation caused by L. interrogans in different hosts. Methods Human mononuclear macrophage cell line (THP-1) and murine mononuclear macrophage cell line (J774A. 1) were infected with L. interrogans strain 56601. The expression of NLRP3 at mRNA and protein levels were measured by using real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The NLRP3-mediated secretion of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 was detec-ted by ELISA combined with the NLRP3 inhibitory test. Results Compared with the normal cells, the ex-pression of NLRP3 at mRNA level in L. interrogans-infected THP-1 cells was respectively increased by 4. 05, 0. 34, 0. 33, 0. 06 and 1. 66 times at the time points of 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after infection ( P<0. 05), while that in L. interrogans-infected J774A. 1 cells was respectively increased by 12. 98, 16. 19, 10. 68, 5. 8 and 0. 57 times (P<0. 05). The expression rates of NLRP3 protein in THP-1 and J774A. 1 cells respectively increased from 9. 26% to 94. 01%, 89. 24%, 31. 80%, 19. 74%, 11. 28% and from 18. 71%to 58. 78%, 43. 64%, 36. 42%, 76. 46%, 85. 21% at the time points of 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h af-ter L. interrogans infection (P<0. 05). The level of IL-1β in L. interrogans-infected THP-1 cells was 73. 07 pg/ml, 939. 24 pg/ml, 939. 24 pg/ml, 843. 22 pg/ml and 851. 06 pg/ml at the time points of 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively (P<0. 05), while the level of IL-1β in L. interrogans-infected J774A. 1 cells began to rise at the time point of 12 h from 191. 17 pg/ml to 254. 4 pg/mL at the time point of 24 h (P<0. 05). The level of IL-18 in L. interrogans-infected THP-1 cells was 913. 89 pg/ml, 808. 19 pg/ml, 483. 54 pg/ml, 204. 19 pg/ml and 189. 09 pg/ml at the time points of 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, re-spectively (P<0. 05), while the level of IL-18 in L. interrogans-infected J774A. 1 cells increased at the time point of 24 h, which was 113. 37 pg/ml (P<0. 05). A slight increase in the level of IL-33 was detected in L. interrogans-infected J774A. 1 cells at the time points of 12 h and 24 h to 201. 14 pg/ml and 155. 68 pg/ml, respectively (P<0. 05), but no significant change was detected in L. interrogans-infected THP-1 cells (P>0. 05). Results of the inhibitory test showed that the up-regulation of IL-1β , IL-18 and IL-33 in THP-1 and J774A. 1 cells were effectively inhibited by the specific inhibitor of NLRP3. Conclusion NL-RP3 inflammasome was activated and involved in the production of specific inflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-18 in both THP-1 and J774A. 1 cells after L. interrogans infection, but the inflammatory cytokines induced by L. interrogans infection varied in different cells. L. interrogans induced earlier and higher level of IL-1βand IL-18 production in human macrophages than in murine macrophages.

The quality of SCI papers is one of the objective indexes of evaluation on scientific and technological strength and research capabilities.This paper introduced a comprehensive management strategy to promote the publication of SCI papers with high impact factors,in terms of such dimensions ass research orientation,financial and technical support,personnel training,and scientific research management platform.The short and long term effects of the comprehensive management strategy system were analyzed using the SCI papers publication data and IF data from 201 1 to 2014 at the hospital,as a reference for building a scientific management system of SCI papers for the administrators.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the drug procurement system of public hospitals in China. METH-ODS:The drug collective procurement documents in each province were retrieved after publishing the document [2015] No.7 of the State Council and the document [2015] No.70 of the National Health and Family Planning Commission,the drug bidding data was collected,and form and implementation of drug procurement with target quantity were analyzed. RESULTS:Procurement with tar-get quantity included scattered procurement with target quantity,national centralized procurement with target quantity and provin-cial centralized procurement with target quantity. In scattered procurement with target quantity,actual purchase price was opaque, and the procurement was similar to"second negotiation"in individual province. National centralized procurement with target quanti-ty was implemented well. Provincial centralized procurement with target quantity was not fully implemented,only Shanghai carried out centralized procurement with target quantity,and the pilot had good effects. CONCLUSIONS:In order to promote procurement with target quantity,it's suggested that we should definite"procurement with target quantity"in the governmental document,pub-lish actual procurement price of scattered procurement with target quantity,try to implement centralized procurement with target quantity without quality levels distinguished,improve the centralized procurement with target quantity with quality levels distin-guished and improve supporting measures,such as hospital procurement system,provincial procurement platform, pre-payment mechanism by health-care funds,and so on.