OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium in the prevention and treatment of Antibiotic associated diarrhea(AAD),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from CBM,CJFD and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT)of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium(test group)versus placebo(control group)in the prevention and treatment of AAD. After data ex-tract and quality evaluation,systematical evaluation was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCT were included,involving 3 881 patients. According to the purpose of different purpose of druguse,the RCT were divided into prevention group and treatment group. Results of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea in prevention test group was significantly lower than control group[OR=0.27 ,95% CI(0.22 ,0.32),P<0.001] ,the average hospitalization time in prevention test group was significantly less than control group [MD=-53.19,95%CI(-79.63,-26.75),P<0.001],and the total clinical ef-fective rate in treatment test group was significantly higher than control group[OR=6.76,95%CI(4.16,10.98),P<0.001]. CON-CLUSIONS:The efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium are good in the prevention and treatment of AAD. However,due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Atherosclerosis ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acute mountain sickness ( AMS) and AMS susceptibility indices before ascent to high altitude and to evaluate their predictive value for AMS. Methods A total of 314 healthy male a-dults were voluntarily enrolled. Their 22 physiological and mental indices of AMS susceptibility were obtained before exposure high altitude. The diagnoses of AMS were based on the Lake Louise score ( LLS) ,an international standard scoring system for AMS. According to the char-acteristics of selected AMS susceptibility indices and the strong fault tolerance of neural network theory, the learning vector quantization ( LVQ) neural network method was adopted to build the prediction model of susceptibility to AMS. Results The results showed the sensitiv-ity of the LVQ model which distinguishes subjects with no-AMS reached 95. 00%,the average correct-prediction precision ultimately reached 72. 22%. The result of prediction is believable. Conclusion The builded LVQ model provide a scientific method for screening crowd who quickly ascend to high altitude,and also can lead to an effective preliminary screening of susceptibility to AMS.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the exposure level of VOCs in different population and the health effects. Methods In 2005, a questionnaire survey relating to inhalation exposure assessment of VOCs and housing decoration characteristics was carried out in 200 newly decorated apartments (628 residents), 30 house decoration workers and 20 painting workers of an automobile manufacture factory. Indoor concentrations of formaldehyde, BTEX-compounds and TVOC were measured in typical apartments, offices, houses in where the decoration workers were operating, the painting workshops, and public indoor environments. Average daily exposure doses and potential doses for common people at home (non-occupational exposure group) and workers in occupational environments (occupational exposure group) to formaldehyde and BTEX-compounds and TVOC were estimated by combining the survey results with monitoring data. Results The percentages of whom having different discomfortable symptoms in the workers in the painting workshop were higher than that in common people (P

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the procedure that involves drilling and inserting a motility peg at the time of hydroxyapatite orbital implant.Methods 89 patients who needed hydroxyapatite orbital implant were divided into groups A and B.The patients in group A were drilled and inserted a motility titanium peg when hydroxyapatite implantation.The patients in group B were drilled and inserted a motility titanium peg 6 months after hydroxyapatite implantation.Data were recorded.including the rate of postoperative pain and conjunctive edema,postoperative facial appearance,motility of the artifieial eye,the rate of hydroxyapatite exposure,excursion and extrusion of titanium peg and other complications.Results The mobility of the prosthesis was 44.97%in group A,and 45.34%in group B.There was no difference in appearance and the motility of their artificial eye between the two groups.The rate of excursion of titanium peg was 4.2% in group A and 7.3%in group B and no statistical difference was found between the two groups.There were no prosthesis exposure,extrusion of titanium peg,secondary infeetion and other complication in one-year follow-up.There were no difference in the rate of postoperative pain and eonjunctive edema in first operative stage.The postoperative reaction in group A was lighter than that in group B in secondary operanve stage.Conclusion The hydroxyapatite orbital implant primary procedure drilling is simple,safe,convenient and effective.It is worth to recommend that procedure that involves drilling and inserting a motility peg at the time of hydroxyapatite orbitaI primary implant.

Objective To evaluate the application of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) artificial eye in acquired ophthalmostewesis. Methods We summarized the experience in the application of PMMA in prosthesis for 8 years. 1155 patients were involved in the artificial eye custom-made program. The artificial eye was individually prepared based on the patient's condition and characters of the healthy eye.Results PMMA artificial eye associated with hydroxyl apatite implantation gave good cosmetic results with good motility, and there was no rejective reaction. The artificial eye was almost same to the real one in color and transparency. Conclusion It is suggested that PMMA is one of the best materials for manufacture of artificial eye at present.

Objective The aim of this study is to summarize primarily the application range and the clinical effect of the minimally invasive direct cardiac surgery (MIDCS).Methods From April 2010 to August 2011,108 operations had been performed in our centre using MIDCS,among of which 44 males and 64 females,mean age (44.3 ± 16.4 ) years old,mean weight (60.0 ± 12.0 ) kg.These operations included 29 MVR operations (replacement with mechanical valve 19,with tissue valve 10),17 AVR operations( replacement with mechanical valve 11,with tissue valve 6 ),5 MVP operations,6 MVR + AVR operations (replacement with mechanical valve 5,with tissue valve 1 ),12 VSD repair operations and 23 ASD repair operations,9 MIDCAB operations,1 MVR + CABG oparation,2 PECD correction,1 repair of ruptruec chordae tendineae of tricuspid septum and 1 Ebstein deformity correction operation.Concomitant procedures included 19 TVP operations and 11 radiofrequency ablation operations.Except MIDCAB operations,other operations are performed with closed type extracorporeal circulation.Conversion to median sternotomy was necessary in only two patients ( 1.9％ ).Results Mean cardiopulnonary bypass time and aortic eross-clamp time were ( 104.4 ± 59.3 ) minutes and ( 66.7 ± 52.8 ) minutes respectively,74 patients ( 92.5 ％ ) recover to beat automatically after heart ceased operation.Median mechanical ventilation time was ( 14.5 ± 11.9 ) hours,Median intensive care unit stay was ( 18.8 ± 15.3 ) hours,median hospital stay post operative was (6.9 ± 2.9) days.Median incision length was (5.3 ± 1.2 )cm.Median draining volume was( 337.6 ± 240.9 )ml in the first day after operation,No transfusion occurred in 72 patients(66.7％ ).Hospital mortality was 0.No re-exploration for bleeding and sternal wound infection.When leaving hospital,94 being of heart functional class Ⅰ,8 of class Ⅱ,6 of class Ⅲ.Conclusion MIDCS was associated with good operative effect in the near future,superior safety and broad application range.Furthermore MIDCS has minimally invasive,less postoperative bleeding,fewer blood transfusions,good cosmesis,as well as the absence of sternal wound infection.It may be safely performed on selected patients with low postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Objective To study the role of src-suppressed C kinase substrate (SSeCKS) in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in rat pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Wistar rat PMVEC cultured in vitro were randomly (random number) divided into several groups (n =4) as per exposure to given dosage of LPS for different lengths of time and to different dosages of LPS for given length of time.After PMVEC exposed to 10 mg/L LPS for 1 hour (h),3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h or 0.1 mg/L,1 mg/L and 10 mg/L LPS for 24 h,the levels of TNF-αin the supernatant of culture medium were examined by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Another PMVEC was pre-treated by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bis-indolylmaleimide (BIM) for 0.5 h or had the transfection of SSeCKS-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h before 10 mg/L LPS challenge for 24 h,and subsequently the supernatant was also examined by ELISA.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for statistical analysis by SPSS version 10.0 to compare values among all groups.A significant difference was presumed as a probability value ＜ 0.05.Results After PMVEC incubated with 0.1 mg/L,1 mg/L and 10 mg/L LPS for 24 hours,the levels of TNF-αsecreted were (253.70 ± 23.55),(327.88 ± 37.25),(403.20 ± 36.22),respectively,which were higher than that in un-stimulated PMVEC (82.28 ± 22.56,all P =0.000).After 10 mg/L LPS challenge for one hour,the level of TNF-αin the supernatant of PMVEC raised substantially (170.11 ±49.22),peaked at the time of 6 h (404.82 ± 13.78),then persisted at a higher level until 24 h (395.67 ± 36.23) than that in un-stimulated PMVEC (84.60 ± 23.61,P =0.001,0.000,0.000,respectively).After PMVEC pre-incubated with BIM,the level of LPS-induced TNF-αdecreased obviously (200.44 ± 27.39 vs.402.28 ± 31.07,P =0.000).Compared with LPS challenged PMVEC (407.28 ± 32.64),depletion of endogenous SSeCKS in PMVEC after inhibited by SSeCKS-siRNA significantly attenuated increase in the level of LPS-induced TNF-α (195.20 ± 13.28,P =0.000).Conclusions Down-activation of SSeCKS and PKC can inhibit the secretion of TNF-αin PMVEC induced by LPS,relieving the inflammatory response of PMVEC.

Objective To explore the relationship between morphological features of carotid arterial atherosclerosis plaque and various cardiovascular risk factors in the aged.Methods The 321patients who underwent cerebral angiography were classified into two groups:256 patients with carotid arterial atherosclerosis and 65 patients without plaque.The relationships between carotid arterial plaque and cardiovascular risk factors including age,gender,cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),homocysteine (HCY),hypertension,diabetes,smoking and drinking were analyzed.The relationships between morphological features,including the stenosis degree,surface fairing of plaque,and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed.After 1 year follow-up,the prospective cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were analyzed in the two groups.Results Carotid atherosclerosis was connected with cardiovascular risk factors such as TC,LDL-C,uric acid,CRP,hypertension,diabetes,smoking and drinking.Positive correlation was showed between the stenosis degree of carotid artery and age,smoking and diabetes.Closely correlation was showed between surface fairing of carotid arterial plaque and LDL-C,CRP,smoking and diabetes.The stenosis degree of carotid artery only showed positive correlation with cerebrovascular events,but the morphological features of surface fairing of carotid arterial plaque equally showed positive correlations with cerebrovascular events and cardiovascular events.Conclusions The development of carotid arterial atherosclerosis plaque in the aged is closely related to cardiovascular risk factors.Morphological features of carotid arterial plaque may respond the level of general atherosclerosis better than stenosis degree,and it is also in close correlation with cerebrovascular events and cardiovascular events.