Objective To set up an animal model of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE) by putting SD rats in the condition simulating high altitude where is hypoxic and cold,in addition the SD rats are forced to swim.Methods SD rats were divided into normal control group and experiment group(SD rats were put into the stimulated 4 000-meter low pressure chamber;Temperature: 8:00-20:00 10 ℃,20:00-8:00 4 ℃;Everyday the rats were forced to swim 6 times a day,once every 4 hours,each for 40 min).The rat lung arterial pressure was observed and pulmonary tissue was collected for pathological examination at 24,48,72 h.Results PaO_(2),SaO_(2),_()PaCO_(2) in the experiment decreased significantly.Lung arterial pressure increased significantly at 72 h,consistent with the progression of clinical HAPE.About 70.2% rats in the experiment exhibited swollen and thicken pulmonary tissue,the smaller alveolar cavity,but no case of alveolar edema was found.Conclusion The animal model of HAPE is successfully replicated,but the alveolar model of HAPE needs further study.

In multilayer spiral CT heart and coronary artery imaging, image data are acquired by ECG gating technology when heart beats slowest so as to restrain pulsation pseudo-image. ECG gating technology includes foresight ECG gating and retrospective ECG gating. The principle, methods and mutual image reconstruction are introduced in this paper.

Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology

Objective To compare analgesic efficacy of intravenous postoperative and preemptive analgesia with flurbiprofen axetil combined with small dose of morphine and with morphine alone. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into four groups: group A,morphine 30 mg +0.9% NaCl for postoperative analgesia,n=30;group B,morphine 20 mg +0.9% NaCl for postoperative analgesia,n=30;group C,flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg + morphine 20 mg +0.9% NaCl for postoperative analgesia,n=30;group D,flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg before operation + morphine 20 mg +0.9% NaCl for postoperative analgesia,n=30.The drugs in each group were diluted to 100 mL and infused by a pump at a rate of 2 mL/h with a patient-controlled analgesia(PCA)bolus of 2 mL after a loading dose of 5 mL.The visual analogue scale(VAS),demanding times for PCA and incidence of side effects were recorded during the period of postoperative 24 h. Results The VAS of group B at 3 h after operation was significantly higher than those of the other three groups(P

Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on traumatized cerebral neurons and investigate its mechanism in attenuating cerebral damage.Methods Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to a control group,a traumatic brain injury group or a traumatic brain injury group treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Each group was observed 1,7 and 24 days after the operation.TUNEL was used to examine the distribution of apop- tosis cells.An immunohistoehemical method was used to examine the distribution of Bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactive- positive cells in the brain tissues.Results The average percentages of both apoptosis cells and Bcl-2 immunoreac- tive-positive cells were lower in the CAl region of the traumatized brains treated with hyperbaric oxygen than in those of the traumatic injury group at each time of observation.A significant difference in Bax immunoreactive-positive cells between the two groups was also observed.Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can significantly protect neurons against traumatic brain injury and modulate the expression of the apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax.This may ex- plain the protective mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of Smad7 gene on the activation of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in primary culture and on the regulation on gene expression of HSCs. Methods HSCs were isolated from male SD rats by collagenase perfusion of liver from portal vein and by 8.2% Nycodenz gradient centrifugation, and thereby transfected with AdSmad7 and AdGFP (control) respectively. The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) ?1, Smad3 and Smad7 were measured by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, Smad7 and ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) expressions were detected by immuno- cytochemistry. Results The expression of Smad7 mRNA in AdSmad7 group increased remarkably compared with TGF?1 control group, while the expression of Smad3 and TGF?1 mRNA remains unchanged. The expression of Smad7 protein was significantly higher in AdSmad7 group than that in other three groups. Accordingly, the expression of ?-SMA protein in the group of HSCs transfected with AdSmad7 was the lowest(P

Hot melt extrusion (HME) is an effective method to make the drugs form amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) inmicrostructure, through which we can improve the dissolution behavior so as to improve the bioavailability ofhydrophobic drugs This review mainly focuses on the. screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients and polymer carriers, feasibility evaluation of the technique, and the control of key parameters of preparation process, summarizes the application of HME to develop drug delivery system.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum soluble transferrin receptor(sTfR) in children with iron deficiency anemia(IDA).Methods Sixty-three children with microcytic hypochromic anemia were divided into IDA and non-IDA(n-IDA)groups,on which sTfR and other iron metabolism related indexes such as serum ferritin(SF) and serum iron(SI) were measured,and(t-test) between groups and analysis of ROC curve were carried out.Results The mean concentration of sTfR in the group of IDA was above normal value and t-test difference was extremely significant compared with n-IDA group(P

Objective To explore the effect and experience of problem-based (PBL) teaching in neurosurgical clinical training and improve the quality of the neurosurgical clinical training. Methods 600 clinical medical students of Grade 2011 in their probation in our department of neurosurgery were chosen as the subjects of study and were randomly divided into the experimental (PBL, 15 groups, 20 people/group, over 300 people) and control groups (CBL+ LBL, 15 groups, 20 people/group, over 300 people). In experimental group, PBL which is a problem-based, student-centered and teacher-directed pedagogy was adopted. In control group, CBL (case-based learning) + LBL (lecture-based learning) were adopted. After probation, two groups of students had the unified test and assessed their teaching methods by questionnaire survey and at the same time, the questionnaire survey about PBL' impact on the various aspects was done only to experimental group students. SPSS 15.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis, t test, Mann-Whitney U test and correlation analysis. Results The scores of theoretical knowledge and general ability in PBL group [(40.57 ±3.24), (41.23 ±4.56) individually] were higher than these in control group [(37.21 ±4.05), (36.51±4.11) individually]. The differences demonstrated statistically meanings. Through the surveys, the students in experimental group showed the high satisfaction (97.0%, n=291) in PBL teaching. Most of the students considered that their abilities of team cooperation (96.7%, n=290), and self-directed learning (92.7%, n=278) were improved by PBL teaching. The students in experimental group illustrated their attitudes in satisfaction of teaching; interests of clinical training, participation of teaching and understanding of knowledge were superior to the control group. The differences demonstrated statisti-cally meanings. Conclusion PBL teaching got a good effect in neurosurgical clinical training. This method, which improved students' participation and motivation of study and contributed to the training of medical students' comprehensive abilities, is suitable for modern neurosurgical clinical training.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a dog model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and further investigate the pulmonary protection induced by ischemic postconditioning and the underlying mechanism.Methods Twelve adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 12-15 kg, were randomly divided into either CPB group or ischemic postconditioning group (IPO group) using a random number table, with 6 dogs in each group.CPB was established after the chest was opened in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.Ischemic postconditioning was induced by 2 cycles of 5 min reperfusion followed by 5 min ischemia immediately after occlusion of the left pulmonary artery was released in group IPO.Before CPB (T1), before occlusion of the artery was released (T2) , and at 2 h after termination of CPB, lung specimens were obtained for examination of pathological changes which were scored (with light microscope) and for determination of the expression of NFκB and ICAM-1 (using Western blot) and wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) in left lung tissues.Blood samples were collected from femoral arteries at T1 and T3 for blood gas analysis, and oxygenation index (OI), respiration index (RI) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were calculated.Results OI and Cdyn were significantly decreased, and RI was increased at T3 , and W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were increased at T2,3 than at T1 in the two groups.W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were significantly higher at T3 than at T2 in the two groups.Compared with group CPB, OI and Cdyn were significantly increased, and R1, W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were decreased at T3 in group IPO.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning up-regulates the expression of ICAM-1 through inhibiting NF-κB activity, thus reducing lung I/R injury induced by CPB and improving the lung function in dogs.