In their infant years, physically handicapped children have a tendency to develop infections, otitis media, tonsillitis and acute sinusitis repeatedly because their physical development is retarded and metabolism poor.
A combination of shosaiko-to and Shokenchu-to were prescribed to a 3-year-old boy with Down's syndrome. and a 2-year-old boy with cerebral palsy. They caught fewer colds, stopped contracting infections, and digestive symptoms were ameliorated. When the sho, or Kampo diagnostic procedure, was followed in the administration of the above combination or other Kampo formulas during infection remission, they were effective in improving weak constitutions.
When a combination of Shosaiko-to and Keishikashakuyaku-to were prescribed for a mantally handicapped 14-year-old boy who suffered from frequent colds and acute sinusitis, good results were obtained. Although the patient's physical development was normal, he became weak due to his poor basic physical habits, such as snacking, which arose from his retarded mental development.

In order to observe the development of physical fitness of rural boys and girls, a series of examinations with respect to physique, various physical-strength-tests, maximum O₂ intake and vital capacity were investigated with 541 boys and 436 girls in middle-and high-school in Nakatsugawa district in Gifu prefecture in autumn, 1966. And their result was compared with the value of average Japaness children of the same age. The result obtained was summarized as follows
1) The development of physique, such as body height, body weight, girth of chest and sitting height, did not differ from the average Japanese level.
2) The running ability of rural children was slightly inferior to that of the average Japanese children for the short-distance-running (50m), in which one must give the maximum power within short period of time. On the other hand, it was rather superior to the average Japanese children for the long-distance-running (1500m for boys and 1000 m for girls), in which one must display a full effort for the endurance work for relatively long period of time.
3) The result of neuromuscular test, which was revealed by broad jumping, side step and back strength, indicated that the value of rural girls was lower than the average Japanese, whereas that of rural boys did not show such a difference. An index of respiratory and circulatory system as in the step-test for girls was slightly lower than the average Japanese girls, but no difference was obtained in rural boys.
4) The vital capacity and maximum O₂ intake of rural children were, in general, nearly the same as the average Japanese value. However, among children of middle school who were not able to go on to high school on account of poverty, there were several boys and girls having a lesser pulmonary function.
5) The comparison of these items with those of foreign children indicated that no difference was recognized among them, for example, the indication of physical capacity for long endurance work, the maximum O₂ intake of rural Japanese children was not different from that of the Swedish children reported by P.O. Åstrand,

“DOKAKONSAN IN KINKI YORYAKU” in the original is limited to the usage of women whose menses recur twice a month and of men whose genitals are swollen and painful.
Judging from “YAKUSEI and YAKUNO” of four kinds of ingredients, we recognize the herb is effective against the syndrome, “KEISHITOSHO” easily caught by the Japanese, accompanyed with “KETSUNETSU” and “CHINKYU-OKETSU”.
We got remarkably effective results, after we made the chart of the symptoms at a radorgraph from the point of view of “KOHO” (the ancient school), “HOSHO-ITCHI”, on the basis of six factors, “KI”, “KETSU”, “SUI”, “HI-I”, and “KAN and NETSU”, and administered the herb for 50 cases equivalent to the factors by “TANPO” (a single dose), “KAHO”, or “GAPPO”.
The herb is administered to a broad range, that is, both sex from infants to the aged.
The indications are firstly musculus skeleti connective tissue symptoms and each field of symptoms excluding sensorial symptoms and blood dyscrasia.
Observing the process that “KESSHO” is changed into “KANKETSU” through “OKETSU” and the medicine, “KUOKETSU-ZAI”, the removal medicine, “DOKAKONSAN” can be a unique herb to be effective against the begining stage of “KANKETSU” and to be “ZANRYU-OKETSU KAIJYOZAI” after the administration of “KANKETSU CHINKYU OKETSUZAI”.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to measure the glucocorticoid receptor(GR)protein level in the nuclei of nasal polyp cells and compare the results in nasal polyposis patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with asthma, before and after glucocorticoid(Glu)therapy. METHODS We used enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) techniques to quantitatively measure the activated- GR protein level in the nuclei of the nasal polyp cells. Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma. In the latter, polyp tissues were obtained before and after Glu therapy seperatively. RESULTS Our data showed no significant differences between the activated- GR protein level of the nasal polyposis patients with chronic rhinosinusitis alone and with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma before Glu therapy. However, the activated-GR protein level was significantly upregulated after Glu therapy in the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied with bronchial asthma. CONCLUSION The result of our research clearly showed that Glus upregulated the activated-GR protein level in the nuclei of nasal polyp cells and that the upregulation is essential for Glus anti-inflammatory action.

In order to study the physical fitness of rural children in Gifu prefecture, a total of 128 rural boys and girls aged 8-14 years old in the Tokuyama-Elementary School and-Middle School, which are in a far rural district from busy civilized urban distriet, were measured for the developmental status, i. e, physique, examination of physical fitness, maximum working capacity, cardiorespiratory function and urinary excretion in summer, 1962, and the comparison was made on the results obtained there with those of the average Japanese children of the same age.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Little or no difference was found between physical development of rural children and that of average Japanese boys and girls ; i. e, the physique of rural children was not superior nor inferior to the value of the average Japanese children.
2) The record of sprint games, such as 50m-sprint-run, broad jumping, ball throwing, Sargent-jump, grip strength and back strength of rural children was lower than that of the Japanese average. Whereas, the endurance ability measured with a long-distance running (1500m for boys and 1000m for girls) was tended to be higher in the rural children, especially in the girls, than the average Japanese value. However, no significant difference was presented in the flexibility test (forward bending of the upper-body in standing posture) between rural and average Japanese values.
3) The examination of cardiopulmonary function : i.e. E.C.G., blood pressure, heart rate, vital capacity and maximum expiratony flow rate exhibited no abnormal sign. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure tended to increase with age, but the heart rate tended to decrease. The examination of the urinary glucose, protein and occult-blood remained normal, and most of the urine pH of the girls were within the range between 6 and 7, whereas, those of boys were between 5 and 6.
4) The maximum working capacity (maximum oxygen intake, vital capacity) showeda linear increase proportional to age and physique (body height, body weigmt, body surface, etc, ) over the range of the age tested. Sexual difference appeared after 12 years of age.
5) The possibility was suggested that the maximum O₂ intake could be predicted from the vital capacity of the same individual regardless of age, sex and physique, and a theoretical background for that was discussed.

We studied the effects of electro acupuncture stimulation of Baxie on local tolerance as an index of cold induced vasodilation (CIVD). The subjects consisted of 22 healthy adult volunteers. The skin temperature and skin blood flow in the middle finger were simultaneously examined before, during, and after immersion of the finger in cold water. Electroacupuncture stimulation at 1 Hz with a 66 to 100V intensity was performed for 5 minutes. Experiments of no stimulation and electroacupuncture stimulation were conducted on the same subject on different days.
The results revealed the following:
1. CIVD was caused by rapid increase of skin blood flow during immersion of the finger in cold water.
2. The minimum skin temperature, minimum skin blood flow, maximum skin blood flow, mean skin temperature in the rising phase of skin temperature, and the index of resistance to frostbite of the electroacupuncture stimulated group were higher than those of the unstilmulated group, and rates of skin temperature increase and decrease during immersion of the finger in cold water in the electroacupuncture stimulated group were significantly higher. These results show that electroacupuncture stimulation increases local cold tolerance in the finger.

We studied the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of Baxie on local cold tolerance as an index of cold induced vasodilatation (CIVD). The subjects consisted of 22 healthy adult volunteers.
The skin temperature and skin blood flow in the middle finger were measured simultaneously before, during, and after immersing the finger in cold water. TENS at 1Hz with 100-V intensity was applied for 5 minutes before immersion of the finger.
Experiments were conducted with no stimulation and with TENS on the same subjects on different days.
The results revealed the following:
1. The minimum skin temperature and minimum skin blood flow during immersion of the finger in cold water were higher in the TENS group than in the control (no stimulation) group.
2. The maximum skin temperature, mean skin temperature, and increase and decrease of skin blood flow rate during immersion of the finger in cold water and in the rising phase of skin temperature were higher in the TENS group than in the control group.
3. The index of resistance to frostbite was higher in the TENS group than in the control group.
4. The number of fluctuations in skin temperature during immersion of the finger in cold water was significantly higher in the TENS group than in the control group.
5. The incidence of abnormal perception during immersion of the finger in cold water was lower in the TENS group than in the control group.
These results suggest that TENS enhances the local cold tolerance of fingers by suppressing SSA in the initial falling phase on skin temperature and increasing the motion of skin blood vessels in the rising phase of skin temperature.

Background : The effects of rehabilitation on hemodialysis patients are unknown. We assessed the effects and investigated the association between rehabilitation treatment effects and all-cause mortality. Methods : This prospective cohort study included 120 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. ADL was assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score (total points, 126), which comprises 13 motor items (total points, 91) and five cognitive items (total points, 35). A survival curve was constructed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and stratified into an increase or no-increase of the FIM score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the effects of rehabilitation. Discriminative sensitivity of FIM cognitive items for an increase in total FIM was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AuROC) curve. Results : The average total FIM score increased from 64.2±3.6 to 75.8±3.0, and the increase in FIM motor and cognitive items was 11.0±1.3 and 0.5±0.6, respectively. The cumulative survival rate within 2.5 years was significantly higher in the FIM increase group than that in the FIM no-increase group. FIM cognitive items and anemia were significantly associated with rehabilitation effects, and AuROC showed that a cutoff of 34 points in cognitive FIM had moderate discriminative sensitivity for a total FIM increase (AuC, 0.719 ; p<0.0008). Conclusions : Rehabilitating hemodialysis patients improved their FIM score (particularly the motor items), and a higher FIM score resulted in a better prognosis. The effectiveness of rehabilitation depends on maintaining a perfect FIM cognitive score.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between white matter tracts and cognitive symptoms in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We examined the cognitive functions of 17 children with high-functioning ASD and 18 typically developing (TD) controls and performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. We compared the results between the groups and investigated the correlations between the cognitive scores and DTI parameters within each group. RESULTS: The Comprehension scores in the ASD group exhibited a positive correlation with mean diffusivity (MD) in the forceps minor (F minor). In the TD group, the Comprehension scores were positively correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO) and left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and negatively correlated with MD in the left ATR, radial diffusivity (RD) in the right IFO, and RD in the left ATR. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the Matching Numbers scores and MD in the left uncinate fasciculus and F minor, and RD in the F minor. Furthermore, the Sentence Questions scores exhibited a positive correlation with RD in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Relative to TD controls, the specific tract showing a strong correlation with the cognitive scores was reduced in the ASD group. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that white matter tracts connecting specific brain areas may exhibit a weaker relationship with cognitive functions in children with ASD, resulting in less efficient cognitive pathways than those observed in TD children.
Anisotropy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Brain ; Child ; Cognition ; Comprehension ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Neurobehavioral Manifestations ; Surgical Instruments ; White Matter