Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation is a rare cardiovascular event that can follow blunt chest trauma. We report 2 cases of successful repair of traumatic tricuspid regurgitation. Case 1 : a 22-year-old man. At 18 years of age, he was involved in a falling accident. At the age of 19, he had an abnormal electrocardiogram and a cardiac murmur pointed out on a medical examination in his university. Echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid regurgitation, and he was referred to our institution for surgery. The operative findings showed some fenestrations in the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. The fenestrations were sutured directly and ring annuloplasty was performed. Case 2 : a 54-year-old man. At age 18, he was involved in a falling accident. At age 31, he complained of fatigue and dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid regurgitation. At age 54, liver dysfunction was discovered. He was referred to our institution for surgical treatment. In the operative findings, the chordae tendineae of the anterior and septal leaflets of the tricuspid valve were ruptured. Tricuspid valvuloplasty was performed using chordal replacement with 2 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (CV-52^®) sutures, edge-to-edge sutures and ring annuloplasty.

Aortitis is an inflammatory arteriopathy that often progresses to obliteration of multiple large arteries. Surgical treatment for obstructive lesions due to aortitis syndrome therefore is difficult in many cases. The patient was a 23-year-old female who at the age of 19 had been diagnosed as aortitis syndrome with cerebral vessel involvement, and she subsequently received steroids. She increasingly experienced syncopal attacks, and was indicated for surgical treatment. Angiography revealed obstruction of the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, and severe stenosis of the right common carotid and right vertebral arteries. She underwent bilateral ascending aorta-carotid artery bypass operation with 7mm ring-supported EPTFE grafts. After the operation she developed clinical signs of temporary brain damage due to hyperperfusion syndrome, but she now completely recovered and maintains a good clinical condition.

We studied the incidence of associated ischemic heart disease (IHD) among 143 consecutive patients (male 118, female 25, mean age 68.5±6.9 years) operated upon for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), excluding ruptured aneurysms. The screening of IHD was routinely performed by using dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy, and when it was positive, the lesion was further confirmed by selective coronary angiography. More than 50% luminal stenosis of the major coronary arteries was judged positive for IHD. Sixty-two patients (43%) with AAA were simultaneously afflicated with IHD. We also compared the 62 AAA patients with IHD with the remaining 81 AAA patients in this series. The patients with IHD had higher incidences of risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (p=0.0031) and hyperlipidemia (p=0.0029) than those without IHD. Five patients were operated on for AAA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 11 were operated on for AAA and IHD (CABG) simultaneously, 10 were operated on after PTCA, thirty-two patients underwent elective surgery for AAA and four had emergency procedures due to impending rupture of AAA with continuous infusion of nitroglycerin with or without diltiazem. There was no significant difference in surgical mortality between AAA patients with IHD and those without IHD (3%vs2%), and no cardiac death in this series. When both AAA and IHD are severe enough to warrant surgical treatments at the earliest opportunity, we recommend concomitant operations for AAA and IHD (CABG) since these have been performed quite successfully in our series.

We performed redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using lateral MIDCAB for 3 patients with severe symptomatic ischemia in the left circumflex system alone. When the descending thoracic aorta had no atherosclerotic lesions on chest CT, it was selected as the inflow of the bypass. According to the location of the target artery, we undertook sequential or T-composite off-pump bypass using the radial artery through a left lateral thoracotomy. On the other hand, when the descending aorta was diseased, the left axillary artery was chosen as the inflow of the bypass. We selected the saphenous vein as a conduit to obtain sufficient graft length. A proximal anastomosis was made through a left infraclavicular incision, and then a distal anastomosis was done through a left lateral thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover, care was taken not to kink the grafts. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. Lateral MIDCAB technique was useful for redo revascularization to the circumflex system. We believe that selection of bypass conduits, routes, and bypass inflow according to the individual patient is essential for the procedure.

A 74-year-old man presenting with general fatigue and dyspnea was admitted to another hospital. He was transferred to our hospital because his symptoms deteriorated and pericardial fluid increased. The symptoms did not improve even after percutaneous pericardial drainage. On a diagnosis of heart failure due to pericardial constriction, he underwent pericardiectomy. No hemodynamics improvement was found despite subtotal pericardiectomy. Multiple longitudinal and transverse incisions like a waffle were made in the thickened epicardium and improved the hemodynamics. The symptoms improved after sugery. Steroid therapy was effective after pathological examination of the excised epicardium that confirmed an emerging manifestation of hyper-IgG4 disease. We report a waffle procedure with good results for a constrictive pericarditis with hyper-IgG4 disease.