The infection of HIV is not only a simple medical issue,but also a complex issue related to many complication of society.This article dicussed the psychological responses to the infection of HIV and brought forward some ethical countemeasures in order to make people pay more attention to it and do research on it deeply.

Objective To optimize the extracting condition of total isoflavones from Fructus Sophorae by subcritical water extraction.Methods Taking isoflavones yield as index and genistin as control,the technology parameter of subcritical water extraction of Fructus Sophorae isoflavones was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment.Results The yield of Fructus Sophorae total isoflavones in the extracts was 23.3% at 130 ℃ for 45 min with the liquid-solid ratio of 12.5 mL/g.Conclusion Compared with traditional extracting methods,subcritical water extraction is a new developing technology in recent years.Its advantage is fast,good-selective.

Objective A prokaryotic expression vector was constructed by inserting the coding sequence of mouse sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase C into pET-28a(+)and the recombinant mLDHC44 protein was purified by Ni+-NTA agrose.Methods The cDNA of mouse sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase C was obtained by RT-PCR,with total RNA of mouse testis tissues as templates.The coding sequence of mouse LDHC4 was amplified by PCR with specific primers.This recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).The recombinant mLDHC4 protein was induced by isopropy-?-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG)and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis and LDH activity determination.After purified with Ni+-NTA agrose,the mLDHC4 protein was probed with antisera from the pVAX1-mLDHC4 vaccine(the eukaryotic expression vector of mouse sperm specific lactate dehydrogenase C)immunized BALB/c mice by Western blot analysis.Results After digested with BamH I-EcoR I,the recombinant plasmids produced right fragment which was about 1000bp.Sequencing showed that the sequence of the cloned fragment was in agreement with sequence in GenBank.This recombinant vector was named as pET-28a(+)-mLDHC4.With induction of IPTG,The recombinant protein with molecular weight of about 35 kD was expressed and the enzyme activity of this protein was high.After purified with Ni+-NTA agrose,this mLDHC4 protein formed a specific band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis and probed with antisera from immunized BALB/c mice and then formed a specific band in the nitrocellulose membrane.Conclusion The coding sequence of mouse lactate dehydrogenase subunit C had been cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+)and the mLDHC4 protein could be expressed at a high level,the specificity of this protein was high and the activity was strong.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of simple myringoplasty with three different kinds of autologous substitutes. METHODS The patients (107 ears)with tympanic membrane perforation underwent myringoplasty using autologous temporal fascia, perichondrium or tragus cartilage-perichondrium compound. The postoperative healing effects and hearing levels of all cases were studied. RESULTS In healingeffects and hearing levels of the patients with small tympanic membrane perforation, there was no difference among the three kinds of autologous substitutes. Cartilage-perichondrium compound was much better for the patients with large tympanic membrane perforation in primary healing than temporalis fascia and perichondrium(P

Objective To investigate the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of bloodstream infections in Peking University Third Hospital Methods The clinical, microbiological and epidemiological data of bloodstream infections in Peking University Third Hospital from January lst,2005 to December 31st, 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Differences in proportions were compared using X2 test. Results Six thousand four hundred and eighty-eight blood culture tests for 5 138 episode of bloodstream infections of 3 795 patients were performed. The positive rate was 9.9%. The average incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 40.8 cases per 10 000 hospital admissions. In the 593 pathogens, 483 (81.5%) were pathogens causing nosocomial. The ratio of Gram-positive microbs, Gram-negative ones and fungi (all were Candida spp.) were 38.5%, 54.7%, and 6.8%, respectively. The corresponding ratio of nosocomial pathogens were 42.0%, 49.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The most frequently isolated strain was Escherichia coli (25.3 %). The coagulase negative staphylococcus was the second one (18.8%). The corresponding ratio of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp. , Pseudornonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii and anaerobs were 7.1%, 7.4%, 8.3%, 3.2%, 2.2% and 0.7%, respectively. Ten patients (1.7%) had experienced polymicrobial infection. In hospital setting, Streptococcus spp. And Escherichia coli infections were more frequently in non-intensive care unit (ICU) than ICU (X2= 9.240, P= 0.002; X2= 23.609, P,<0.01; respectively). But the infection rate of Candida spp. Was significantly higher in the ICU (X2= 5.498, P= 0.019). The time interval between hospital admission and onset of infection for the most frequently isolated pathogens ranged from 15.1 days (Escherichia coli) to 29.7 days (Acinetobacter baumannii). The degree of resistance to the common antimicrobal agents had no change in the three years. Conclusions The average incidence rate of nosocomial bloodstream infection is 40.8 cases per 10 000 hospital admissions. The main pathogens are the Gram-negative microbs.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of intravascular catheter-related infections (CRI) in Peking University Third Hospital in 2009. Methods The clinical and microbiological features of CRI were analyzed retrospectively. Results Two hundred and nineteen catheters were examined. Twenty-nine CRI cases were confirmed with colonization, 7 were insertion site infection and 6 were catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) by quantitative catheter culture method, but no CRBSI was diagnosed by differential time to positivity (DTTP) method. The incidence rates of CRBSI in intensive care units (ICU) were 0. 99- 3.03 per 1000 catheter-days.Among the colonized strains, 51.72 % were Gram-positive cocci, 20.69 % were non-fermenting bacilli (NFB), 13. 79% were Enterobacteriaceae and 10. 34% were Candida. One neonatal CRBSI was caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Most of bacterial isolates were drug resistant. Seventy-seven percent of adult patients were older than 60 years and most of them had chronic underlying diseases.All of the 9 neonate patients were preterm neonate and 7 of them were extremely low birth weight infants. Conclusion There is a certain amount of CRI occurred in Peking University Third Hospital in 2009 and the intravascular catheter management should be enhanced.

Object To study the pharmacological effects of CH 2Cl 2 extract of Flos Magnoliae.Methods Anti inflammatory and antiallergic effects of CH 2Cl 2 extract of Flos Magnoliae were studied on various experimental models. Results The extract remarkably inhibited the contraction caused by histamine and acetylcholine, as well as the ovalbumin sensitized allergic constriction of isolated ileum smooth muscle of guinea pigs. It could inhibit the increase of capillary permeability induced by acetic acid in mice, inhibit the mice paw edema produced by carrageenin and reduce the production of PGE 2 in inflammatory tissues. Conclusion CH 2Cl 2 extract of Flos Magnoliae showed remarkable anti inflammatory and antiallergic effects.

The level of the in vitro synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was determined by the sissue culture of the endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa from patients with noncancerous gastric diseases. The amount of SIgA synthesis in chronic superficial gastritis (4.35?0.32?g/mg) and chronic atrophic gastritis (4. 82?0. 22ug/mg) was higher than that in the normal stomach (2.76?0.21 ?g/mg) (p