Objective To investigate the gastric mucosal characteristics of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-associated gastritis under high-resolution magnifying endoscopy. Methods Fujinon EG 485 ZH 850k CCD high-resolution electronic magnifying endoscopy was performed. Fifty patients were inspected by regular endoscopy with high-resolution magnifying function. Particular inspection was given on the collecting venules, the pit patterns of the gastric antrum and gastric body. Four pieces of biopsy specimen were taken, 1 each in antrum and body for RUT and the other two for pathologic examination as well as W-S stain. Both of the W-S stain and RUT being positive were confirmed as Hp infection. The Hp-positive patients received the triple therapy. Endoscopy with biopsies was repeated 4 weeks after the course of eradication treatment ended. The results were assessed by SPSS 8. 0 statistical package. Results Twenty-six patients were Hp-positive and 24 patients Hp-negative. In comparing with the results of W-S stain and RUT , the high-resolution magnifying endoscopy features and regular endoscopy findings had different outcomes. The sensitivity was 69. 23% Vs 34. 62% ; the accuracy 78.00% Vs 58. 00% respectively; the positive likelihood ratio and the negative likelihood ratio were 5. 54 Vs 2. 08 and 0. 35 Vs 0. 78 respectively. The Kappa value in high-resolution magnifying endoscopy was 0.563 whereas in regular endoscopy was 0. 176. Conclusions The advantage of high-resolution magnifying endoscopy relies on its ability to observe the fine gastric mucosal patterns. The gastric mucosal features of Hp-associated gastritis can be described as followings: collecting venules are irregular or disappeared; the gastric pits are enlarged or reddened, the sulciolar are deepened. Compared with regular endoscopy, the high-resolution magnifying endoscopy is better in sensitivity, accuracy and likelihood ratio. A high degree of interobserver agreement was obtained with the Kappa value. The pathologic findings get better soon after the eradication therapy, while the endoscopic changes are not prominent.

Objective To investigate the endoscopic feat ures and endoscopical treatment of gastric carcinoid tumors.Methods The clinical and endoscopic materials of 18 patients w ith gastric carcinoid tumors was retrospectively reviewed.Results Five of the 18 patients were benign and 13 were maligna nt. Benign gastric carcinoid tumors were found by biopsy at endoscopy ,and were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).Their endoscopic appearance was mu ltiple polypoid masses. 13 malignant patients were confirmed by surgery. Their e ndoscopic appearance was ulcerating and infiltrating lesions.Conclusion Gastroscopy remains to be valuable to set correct di agnosis of gastric carcinoid tumors. EMR may be the first choice for benign gast ric carcinoid tumors.

Objective To investigate the characteristic findings of intestinal metaplasia revealed by magnifying endoscopy, and clarified their relationship with histopathological features. Methods One hundred and nine patients underwent magnifying endoscopy between March 2003 and November 2003. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, esophogeal and/or gastric varices, history of gastric surgery were excluded. Endoscopic examination was performed with a high-resolution magnification endoscope after methylene blue (1 % ) spraying. According to the differences in color and mucosal pattern, forms of endoscopic images were defined, and biopsies were taken (n = 115). Results Six patterns of endoscopic images were defined according to the microscopic findings. Pattern-4 and -5 were related to intestinal metaplasia. Histological features were used as the key standard. Conclusion High-resolution magnifying endoscopy is useful in detecting intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa pits from its normal shape changed into oval shape or villous like pattern. This procedure may improve the follow-up of individuals at high-risk of gastric cancer.

Objective In order to evaluate the efficacy of esophageal varices ligation( EVL) , ultrasonic microprobe (UMP) was used to observe the esophageal varices and their collaterals before and after EVL. Methods Sixty patients merely with esophageal varices underwent ultrosonography via UMP before and 4,8,12 weeks after EVL and were divided into three groups:( Ⅰ )esophageal varices(EV) ( Ⅱ )esophageal and paraesophageal vein(PEV) varices( Ⅲ ) esophageal, para esophageal and perforating vein( PV) varices. Results In the following-up, the effective rate of type Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ were 75% , 25% , 0% ; The recurrence rate 16% , 75% , and 100% respectively. PEV occurred in 12 out of 24 cases of group Ⅰ and broadened in all of the cases of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ; PV occurred in 11 out of 20 cases of group Ⅱ and all cases in groups M , and broadened in all cases of group Ⅲ. Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonography can be served as guidance in selecting therapeutic measure in treating EV. EVL is merely suitable in treating EV; in EV patients with PEV and/or PV measures other than EVL should he selected.

Objective The study was performed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome of Chinese patients by evaluating the researches in China.Methods Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wangfang Data and Weipu Chinese Medical Journal Database were searched for the clinical data of the patients with blue rubber bled nevus syndrome.Results Among the 50 patients,31 cases were male,and 19 cases were female.All patients (100％) had the venous malformations of the skin.Thirty-five (70％) cases had melena,13 (26％) cases had bloody stool,and 35(70％) had dizziness and palpitation.Blue rubber bled nevus syndrome were diagnosed with gastroscopy (40/48,83.33 ％),coloscopy (30/41,73.17％) and small intestinal examination (23/25,92％).Fourteen cases received symptomatic treatment.Twelve cases received therapeutic endoscopy,which lesions were located in stomach and colon.Sixteen cases received operation,and 2 cases were treated by laparoscopy and endoscopy.Conclusions Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disease.The skin and gastrointestinal system are involved in all patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in China.The routine examination for diagnosis of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome should include examination of the small intestine.It still needs further research about effective treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes of protosystemic collaterals before and after endoscopic treatment in patients with gastroesophageal varices using 64-row multidetector computed tomograghy portal venography (MDCTPV) so as to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with or without para-esoghageal varices and with or without nonvarices portosystemic collaterals before treatment. Methods Twenty-six patients with gastroesophageal varices, who underwent endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) for esophageal varices and endoscopic N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection (EBC) for gastric varices between Jan.2007 and Dec. 2009, were enrolled. Sixty four-row MDCT was used to examine the changes of portosystemic collaterals 1 week before and 12 months after endoscopic treatment. The reconstructed images of portosystemic collaterals before and after endoscopic treatment were evaluated. Results Excellent quality of portosystemic collateral vessels on CTPV were obtained in all patients. The mean diameter of left gastric vein decreased from (6.7±1.9) mm to (5.0±1.9) mm after endoscopic treatment,with significant difference (P＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in outcomes between patients with or without para-esoghageal varices (80% vs 72.7%, P＞0.05) and patients with or without non-varices portosystemic collaterals (82.4% vs 66.7% ,P＞0.05). Conclusions Sixty fourrow MDCTPV may provide important information for option of endoscopic treatment and prognosis.

Abstract: Objective　To find out the causes and risk factors of this food-borne disease outbreak that occurred in November 2019 at four schools in Qinzhou, Guangxi, implement effective preventive and control measures to curb the spread and escalation of the outbreak, and provide a basis for the investigation and management of similar incidents in the future. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the cases' clinical characteristics, three-dimensional distribution, and related risk factors. The etiological food was determined by the method of analytical epidemiology. A food hygiene investigation was conducted to trace the process of food contamination, and biological samples from cases and workers, suspicious food, and environmental samples were collected for laboratory testing. The detected Salmonella strains were analyzed for homogeneity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results　The event involved four schools, with 69 suspected cases identified, resulting inan attack rate of 0.52% (69/13 307). The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever, with an average incubation period of 20 hours.The epidemic curve indicated a point-source outbreak. Descriptive epidemiological methods inferred that bakery products distributed by Company F were the suspect foods. The case-control study indicated the risk of illness was increased among those who purchased and consumed food supplied by Company F (OR=37.67, 95%CI:14.03-101.13),particularly those who consumed the delicious hamburger (OR=30.13，95%CI:13.22-68.67). Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) was detected in 12 anal swabsfrom patients, one patient's vomit, one flour sample used for bread-making, and one egg,with homogeneity of 100% achieved in PFGE molecular typing of the 15 positive Salmonella strains. Conclusions　The outbreak is a food-borne disease outbreak caused by Salmonella contamination. It is recommended that regulatory authorities strengthen supervision and management of production and processing enterprises, standardize food processing processes, and establish and improve food safety management systems and long-term mechanisms for food safety knowledge promotion and education in schools to enhance students' hygiene awarenessand prevent similar incidents from occurring.

Objective To establish a model for preparation of tissue-engineered skin grafts with hTERT cells carrying human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV 6) genome in vitro, so as to lay a foundation for studying HPV life cycle. Methods The full-length linear HPV6 genome and plasmid pEGFP-▲EGFP were electrophoretically cotransferred into hTERT cells. After selection using G418 resistance, Southern blotting was performed to determine the viral load of HPV6 in transfected cells. 3T3 J2 trophoblastic cells, type I rat-tail collagen and hTERT cells containing the full-length HPV6 genes (HPV6.hTERT cells)were mixed and cocultured on metal meshes to form skin graft-like structures. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining was performed to observe the structure of formed skin grafts, an immunohistochemical assay to measure the expression of HPV6 L1 protein, and electron microscopy to observe virus particles in the skin grafts. Results The linear HPV6 gene was successfully transferred into hTERT cells, and Southern blotting showed the presence of HPV6 DNA in the transferred hTERT cells. The HPV6.hTERT cells, which were cocultured with 3T3 J2 trophoblastic cells and type I rat-tail collagen, proliferated and differentiated over time, and gradually formed skin grafts giving the appearance of verrucous hyperplasia. HE staining showed that the cocultured HPV6.hTERT cells could form typical stratified structure of skin after 7 days of cultivation, and histopathologic features of HPV infection, including obvious papillomatous hyperplasia, presence of vesicular cells, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, could be observed after 21 days. The immunohistochemical assay showed the expression of HPV6 L1 protein in the upper portion of skin grafts, and electron microscopy revealed the presence of HPV6 virus particles in skin grafts. Conclusions The established model for preparation of tissue-engineered skin grafts using HPV 6 genome-carrying cells provides a basis for biological studies of HPV, but its application is limited to some degree.

Objective: To categorize and summarize the clinical and mechanism studies of the past 30 years on the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) with moxibustion, moxibustion plus medication, and acupuncture plus medication, etc., and to analyze the current problems. Methods: The clinical and laboratory studies related to the treatment of HT with acupuncture-moxibustion therapies published before June 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) and Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP). Results:Moxibustion, moxibustion plus medication, and acupuncture plus medication can produce certain therapeutic effects in treating HT. Conclusion:The research on the treatment of HT with acupuncture-moxibustion therapies is rather limited in the amount and content. In the future, standardization should be fortified, specific moxibustion research needs deepening, and the action mechanism of moxibustion should be emphasized.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) currently has been widely used in various medical fields, such as tissue regeneration, wound healing, scar repair, skin and hair regeneration etc..PRP is rich in platelets, growth factors and other blood components, which can effectively promote tissue repair and healing. However, there is no optimal preparation method and unified standard of composition ratio for PRP, so its clinical application value has not been satisfactorily interpreted yet. In this paper, the preparation and quality standard of PRP were reviewed to provide basis for standardization of RPP in clinical application.