Chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5,as one of the chemokine family,are involved in the processes of many diseases and especially play an important role in breast cancer.Recent researches show that chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 have an obvious impact on the tumorigenesis,invasion,metastasis,therapy and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and the correlations with clinic parameters,and to make sure the effects of the two genes in the lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.Methods The expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF-C were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry in samples from 78 cases with breast cancer and 20 cases with breast benign lesions.The density of the lymphatic microvessels immunohistochemically stained by D2-40 antibody was calculated.The relationships between HIF-1α,VEGF-C,LVD and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed statistically.Results HIF-1α expression occurred in 52 out of the 78 tumor samples (66.67％),while VEGF-C expression was observed in 41 out of the 78 tumor samples (52.56％).HIF-1α and VEGF-C expressions in breast cancer were significantly higher than those in beingn disease (15％ and 10％ ; x2 =17.26,P =0.000; x2 =11.71,P =0.001).The expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF-C were significantly correlated with regional lymph nodal involvement (x2 =5.80,P =0.016; x2 =7.26,P =0.007) as well as late TNM classification (x2 =8.51,P=0.004; x2 =6.02,P =0.014),disregarding the patient's age,tumor diameter,histological grade and pathologic type (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with VEGF-C expression (r =0.254,P =0.025).Higher LVD was found in both high HIF-1α and high VEGF-C expression cases (t =2.19,P=0.017; t =3.25,P=0.001).Conclusion HIF-1α may play a crucial role in the lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis by regulating the expression of VEGF-C in breast cancer.Therefore,HIF-1α may become a particularly promising target for controlling lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate protection by immunization with recombinant Ferritin vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus against protoscolices.Methods ICR mice were randomized into 3groups of 12 mice in each.The mice in group A and B were immunized three times with an interval of two weeks and those in group C did nothing.The animals in all the 3 groups were challenged with 1100 protoscolices intraperitoneally on the 8th week.Serum samples were collected before each inoculation and challenge injection.Seven months later, all the mice were killed and examinated for hydatid cysts.Result The number of cysts was significantly lower in the group A than in group B and C (P＜0.05).The levels of protection afforded were found to be 73% and 85%, respectively.Meanwhile,the number of cysts was markedly lower in group B than in group C(P＜0.05).The rate of protection afforded was 42%.Conclusion Recombinant Ferritin vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus shows partial immune protection.Therefore, it might be a suitable candidate for cocktail vaccine study in the future.