Objective:To optimize the alcohol extraction process of Yiqigutuo granules. Methods: Using the L9 (34 ) orthogonal design method, the active ingredients astragaloside and ferulic acid in the formula were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The concen-tration and amount of ethanol, extraction times and extraction duration and the other parameters affecting the extraction volume were ex-amined. Results:Analysis of variance showed that the ethanol concentration and extraction times had significant influence on the ex-tract content and the extraction of ferulic acid. The best alcohol extraction process was as follows:70% ethanol of 10-fold volume, ex-tracting 3 times with 1. 5h for each time. Conclusion:The process is stable, and suitable for the industrial production.

Objective To compare the effects of ephedrine and phenylephrine on hemodynamics in the patients undergoing surgery in prone position under general anesthesia.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 20-60 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-2:5.0 kg/m2, scheduled for elective posterior lumbar interbody fusion under general anesthesia, were randomized to ephedrine group (group E, n =30) or phenylephrine group (group P, n =30).When hypotension [decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ＞20％ of the baseline value, T0] occurred in supine position, SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded, and ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg (group E) or phenylephrine 1 μg/kg (group P) was injected via the central veins.The parameters mentioned above were recorded within 10 min after administration (T1-T10).Results Both ephedrine and phenylephrine could maintain the parameters of hemodynamics at the normal level.Compared with the baseline values at T0 , SBP, DBP, MAP and HR at T1-T10 and CO and CI at T2-T10 were significantly increased, and no significant change was found in CVP at each time point after administration in group E, and SBP and MAP at T1-T6, DBP at T1-T5, CVP at T2 and T3, and CO and CI at T1-T3 were significantly increased, and HR was decreased at T2 and T3 in group P.Compared with group P, SBP was significantly decreased at T1, and increased at T2-T10, DBP and MAP were decreased at T1, and increased at T3-T10, HR was increased at T1-T10, CO and CI were increased at T2-T10, and CVP was decreased at T1-T3 in group E.Conclusion Compared with phenylephrine, although ephedrine provides no significant effect on hemodynamics clinically, it can increase cardiac output to some extent in the patients undergoing surgery in prone position under general anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the role of heparanase in endotoxemia-induced destruction of vascular endothelial glycocalyx in rats.Methods Forty-eight pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group L) and LPS+ heparin group (group LH).Endotoxemia was induced by intravenous LPS 15 mg/kg in L and LH groups, and heparin sodium 100 U · kg-1 · h-1 was infused simultaneously in group LH.At 3 and 6 h after LPS injection, blood samples were collected from the femoral vein for determination of the serum concentrations of serum heparin sulfate (HS), syndecan-1, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed, and lungs were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio).Results Compared with group C, the serum HS, syndecan-1, E-selectin and ICAM-1 concentrations and W/D ratio were significantly increased in group L, and the serum HS and ICAM-1 concentrations were increased in group LH (P＜0.05).Compared with group L, the serum HS, syndecan-1, E-selectin and ICAM-1 concentrations and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in group LH (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of lungs were obvious in group L, and were significantly mitigated in group LH.Conclusion Heparanase is involved in endotoxemiainduced destruction of vascular endothelial glycocalyx in rats.

Objective Pathologic complete response (pCR) has been suggested as a surrogate prognostic indicator in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.We assessed whether the likelihood of pCR and survival is associated with the immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtypes.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of l01 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2007 and January 2010.Patients were dassified into four molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemistry prnfiles of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and HER2.Logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with pCR.Results The pCR was achieved in 19 patients (18.8％).The triple negative subtype was an independent predictive factor for pCR (odds ratio,3.35,95％ confidence interval,1.25-9.79,P =0.012),and the Her-2 subtype showed a trend for higher pCR rates (odds ratio,3.11;95％ confidence interval,1.09-10.89,P =0.021) compared with the luminal A subtype.The pCR was significantly associated with prolonged disease-free survival (P =0.002).The triple negative subgroup had shorter disease-free survival (P =0.0006) and overall survival (P =0.008) than the other subgroups.Conclusions We demonstrated that the triple negative and Her-2 subtypes are more likely to obtain pCR when neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given,compared to the luminal A subtype.Despite the high pCR rate,the triple negative subtype showed worse survival outcomes,paradoxically,primarily due to patients who had residual disease.

Objective To compare the pressor responses to ephedrine during general anesthesia with different drugs.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,scheduled for elective gastrointestinal tumor resection under general anesthesia,aged 20-64 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,were included in this study.The patients were randomized to receive dexmedetomidine + remifentanil + sevoflurane (group Ⅰ,n =20),propofol + remifentanil + sevoflurane (group Ⅱ,n =20),or dexmedetomidine + propofol + remifentanil + sevoflurane (group Ⅲ,n =20) to maintain the depth of anesthesia.Ephedrine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously when the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was decreased to about 90 mm Hg during anesthesia.Blood pressure was monitored and recorded at 1-min intervals for 10 min after the injection.The onset time (TSBP,TDBP,TMAP) for ephedrine to raise the SBP,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the maximal amplitude (△SBP,△DBP,△MAP) were also recorded.Results Compared with Ⅱ group,TSBP,TDBP and TMAP were significantly shortened,and △SBP,△DBP and △MAP were increased in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with propofol + remifentanil + sevoflurane combined anesthesia,dexmedetomidine + remifentanil + sevoflurane combined anesthesia and dexmedetomidine + propofol + remifentanil + sevoflurane combined anesthesia augment the pressor responses to ephedrine in patients.