thymus.It is not clear why and how these distribution exist,which is possibly correlated to recruitment,homing,subset,and microenvironment of NK cells in each tissue or organ.

By systematically combing the records of Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang from medical literatures of Zu Bi Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing (Maxibustion Canon of Foot and Arm), Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing (Maxibustion Canon of Ying and Yang), Ling Shu Jing Mai (Meridians, a chapter of Miraculous Pivot), Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Jiu Jing Tu (Illustration of Moxibustion) from Dunhuang, it can be found that the formation and development of theory of main and collateral channels is a long-term dynamic process containing constantly summing up the experiences. The record about only the 2.3 inch one-line loop route carved out beside the posterior midline of dorsal lumbosacral portion by Bladder Meridian Foot-Taiyang may be a positioning mode of acupoint exclusively used by moxibustion and summed up by people good at moxibustion therapy using their clinical experience. In addition, thoughts that the heavy-moxibustion is a good method for difficult miscellaneous diseases (especially for the serious illnesses after attacked by wind and cold pathogens) may be included.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common subtype of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. However, there is still a lack of medication that demonstrates clinically relevant symptomatic improvement. Static blood obstructing the brain is the main Chinese medicine syndrome of VaD.

BACKGROUNDTo study the expression of catalylic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with apoptosis.

METHODSNSCLC tissues from 113 untreated patients were analyzed immnohistochemically with antibodies to DNA-PKcs, p53 and bcl-2.

RESULTSThere were expressions of DNA-PKcs, p53 and bcl-2 in NSCLC at different levels. The positive rate of DNA-PKcs, p53 and bcl-2 was 89.38%(101/113), 61.95%(70/113) and 59.29%(67/113) respectively. The expression of DNA-PKcs was significantly related with the histological types. Its expression in squamous carcinoma was significantly lower than that in adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The expression of DNA-PKcs increased with the increasing differentiated degree of NSCLC ( P < 0.05), but had no relationship with lymph node metastasis. There was no significant relation between the expression of p53 and the pathological type of NSCLC. A significant difference of bcl-2 expression existed in the histological types of lung cancer ( P < 0.01). Its expression in squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, but had no relationship with the differentiated degree of lung cancer and lymph node metastasis. The expressions were significantly related between DNA-PKcs and p53 ( P < 0.01), p53 and bcl-2 ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of DNA-PKcs is fairly high in NSCLC. The high expression of DNA-PKcs and overexpressions of mutated p53 and bcl-2 may be important causes of radioresistance in NSCLC.

Objective To explore the scanning technology of head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shopCT angiography using 256-slice iCT and complete image quality analysis.Methods 106 consecutive patients underwent 256-slice iCT head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shop CT angiography.According to the average heart rate,patients were divided into three groups,the 1ow heart rate group with the average heart rate ranged from 40 to 60,medium heart rate group with heart rate from 60 to 80 beats per minute and high heart rate group with heart rate more than 80 beats per minute.The volume rendering (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP), multi-planar reformation (MPR)and curved planar reconstruction (CPR)were employed for three-dimensional reconstruction after the original image reached to the iCT post-processing workstation.The image quality of head-neck artery and coronary artery were assessed by two senior radiologists individually .Results The image quality scores in the three groups show statistic significance (F=14.886 , P =0.000).The difference between low heart rate group and medium heart rate group show statistic significance (P =0.031).The difference between low heart rate group and high heart rate group was statistical significant (P = 0.026 ).There was no statistic difference between medium heart rate group and high heart group.The excellent rates of coronary artery image quality reached to 100%,96.6%,92.6% in low,medium and high heart rate group respectively.The rates of excellent about head-neck vascular im-age quality in the three groups reached to 100%.Conclusion 256-slice iCT head-neck-coronaryone-stop-shopCT angiography can obtain satisfactory image.The image quality does not decrease in patients with high heat rate.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the technology of supercritical CO2 extraction from Zingiberis rhizoma. METHODS:With the comprehensive score of the contents of 6-ginger phenol,8-ginger phenol and 10-ginger phenol and the extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma as the index,uniform design method was adopted to investigate the effects of extraction pressure,extrac-tion temperature and extraction duration on the extraction result;verification tests were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal condi-tions were as follows as the extraction pressure of 25 MPa,extraction temperature of 30 ℃ and extraction duration of 2 h. In the verification tests,the average extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma was 3.2%(n=3),and the comprehensive score was 1.874 2 (RSD=0.65%,n=3),with the relative deviation of 0.6% between the measured value and the predicted value. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal extraction technology is stable and feasible,with the advantages of low temperature,short duration.

As information on safety and effectiveness is not comprehensive, gained from the researches for listing approval of Chinese medicine, it is very necessary to conduct post-marketing clinical re-evaluation of Chinese medicine. Effectiveness, safety and economic evaluation are three main aspects of post-marketing clinical re-evaluation. In this paper, the difference and relations between the post-marketing clinical re-evaluation and the phase IV clinical trials were discussed, and the basic requests and suggestions were proposed, according to the domestic and foreign relevant regulations and experts' suggestions, and discussed the requirements of the phase IV clinical trials on indications, design methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, etc.
Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Research Design

Objective To establish a reliable assay which can be used clinically to detect the antibody to Epstein-Barr virus-specific DNase (EBV-DNase) for the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (EITB). Methods P3HR-1 cells were induced with TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) to extract EBV-DNase. The sera from 84 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 27 patients with other head and neck tumors, and 31 normal healthy adults were detected for EBV-DNase by Western Blot and immunochemical staining. Meanwhile,they also underwent EBVCA-IgA examination.Results There were four positive bands in the region between 52 and 59 KD in the sera from NPC patients. The positive rate by EITB for NPC patients was 70.24%, while that for both patients with other tumors and normal adults was 0. The positive rates of EBVCA-IgA were 73.81%, 18.52% and 6.45%, respectively for the three groups.Conclusions EBV-DNase detection with EITB is as sensitive as EBVCA-IgA examination, but with higher specificity, in NPC. It also has the advantage of not using any radioactive material. Therefore, it is a simple and useful method for early diagnosis of NPC.

Small package of Chinese medicine decoction pieces (hereinafter “small package of TCM”) has its unique advantage.After searching the literature in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,the papers linked to small package of TCM were analyzed from its aspect of history,pros and cons,package select-ed,dispensing procedure.Then a“ten Chinese characters pithy formula”directed at the process of small package of TCM dispensing was summarized as “examine(Chinese:审),display (Chinese:摆),watch (Chinese:看),check (Chinese:对),take (Chinese:拿),weigh (Chinese:掂),assign (Chinese:分),verify (Chinese:核),pack (Chinese:包),dispense (Chinese:发)”,which was easy to remem-ber,to understand and to operate,contributing to improving the quality of clinical dispensing and stand-ardizing the skill of TCM dispensing.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a nosological entity referring to elderly people with MCI but without dementia, was proposed as a warning signal of dementia occurrence and a novel therapeutic target. MCI clinical criteria and diagnostic procedure from the MCI Working Group of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) may better reflect the heterogeneity of MCI syndrome. Beijing United Study Group on MCI funded by the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments (CFMD) proposed the guiding principles of clinical research on MCI. The diagnostic methods include clinical, neuropsychological, functional, neuroimaging and genetic measures. The diagnostic procedure includes three stages. Firstly, MCI syndrome must be defined, which should correspond to: (1) cognitive complaints coming from the patients or their families; (2) reporting of a relative decline in cognitive functioning during the past year by the patient or informant; (3) cognitive disorders evidenced by clinical evaluation; (4) activities of daily living preserved and complex instrumental functions either intact or minimally impaired; and (5) absence of dementia. Secondly, subtypes of MCI have to be recognized as amnestic MCI (aMCI), single non-memory MCI (snmMCI) and multiple-domains MCI (mdMCI). Finally, the subtype causes could be identified commonly as Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and other degenerative diseases such as frontal-temporal dementia (FTD), Lewy body disease (LBD), semantic dementia (SM), as well as trauma, infection, toxicity and nutrition deficiency. The recommended special tests include serum vitamin B12 and folic acid, plasma insulin, insulin-degrading enzyme, Abeta40, Abeta42, inflammatory factors. Computed tomography (or preferentially magnetic resonance imaging, when available) is mandatory. As measurable therapeutic outcomes, the primary outcome should be the probability of progression to dementia, the secondary outcomes should be cognition and function, and the supplement outcome should be the syndrome defined by traditional Chinese medicine. And for APOE epsilon4 carrier, influence of the carrier status on progression rate to dementia and the effect of treatment should be evaluated.