Microspheres made of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) have been frequently proposed as drug delivery systems.A very significant challenge in the development of controlled PLGA releasing systems is the instability of drugs especially therapeutic peptides and proteins.Additional approaches,particularly the use of additives,are needed to optimize PLGA delivery of drugs.This article reviews the effects of additives,especially the effects of stabilizing protein during the preparation of PLGA microsphere and the sustained drug releasing processes.

AIM: To study the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves with HPD-600 macroreticular resin. METHODS: Using orthogonal experiments,the adsorptive characteristics and elutive parameters of the process were studied by taking the elutive effects and purification ratio of total flavonoids of Crataegus leaves. RESULTS: Two significant factors which were the concentration of crude flavonoids solvent and elutant component were observed. CONCLUSION: The microwave-assisted extraction and purification process with macroreticular resin is employed,the content of total flavonoids is 80.75%, the rutin content is (1.38)%, The macroreticular resin can be used in the purification of flavonoids of Crataegus leaves.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of aescuven forte on the postoperative complications of breast cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with breast cancer radical surgery were randomly divided into control group(n =60) and treatment group(n =60).Patients in control group were given postoperative routine treatment,while in treatment group were administrated aescuven forte pills at 300 mg orally,2 times/day for 4 weeks beside the conventional treatment.Results (1)After the 1st,2nd weeks therapy,the flap congestion disappear rate in the treatment group were 80.0％ (48/60) and 93.3％ (56/60),better than that in the control group 60.0％ (36/60) and 71.6％ (43/60),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).However this trend was not seen in third weeks treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The total efficiency of remission of upper limb edema was 93％ (56/60),higher than that in control group 77％ (46/60),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.17,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Visual analogue scale(VAS) pain score in treatment group were decreased form (8.87 ±0.74) in before treatment to (3.21 ±0.92) at after treatment.And the VAS score in control was from (8.91 ±0.85) down to (4.87 ± 1.34),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover VAS score in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) There was no adverse effect of the medication process.Conclusion Aescuven forte showed a ability to reduce congestion disappear time of breast cancer and shorten the recovery time of upper limb swelling and pain and other symptoms.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the feasibility and surgical techniques of primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods Clinical materials of 53 patients with primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were analyzed retrospectively.Results 53 patients completed opera-tions successfully.The operating time was 90 to 168 minutes,with average duration of 112 min-utes.Postoperative hospital stay was 6 to 9 days,with an average length of 6.6 days.No postoper-ative complications such as bleeding,abdominal infection,bile leakage,bile duct stricture and resid-ual biliary stones were observed.Conclusion Under the premise of strictly selecting cases with common bile duct stones,rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct explo-ration for primary suture is a feasible method,it has the advantages of less trauma,fast recovery and short hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization.

Objective To explore the feasibility and surgical techniques of primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods Clinical materials of 53 patients with primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were analyzed retrospectively.Results 53 patients completed opera-tions successfully.The operating time was 90 to 168 minutes,with average duration of 112 min-utes.Postoperative hospital stay was 6 to 9 days,with an average length of 6.6 days.No postoper-ative complications such as bleeding,abdominal infection,bile leakage,bile duct stricture and resid-ual biliary stones were observed.Conclusion Under the premise of strictly selecting cases with common bile duct stones,rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct explo-ration for primary suture is a feasible method,it has the advantages of less trauma,fast recovery and short hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization.

Objective To investigate the short- and long-term prognostic factors for patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of primary liver cancer (liver cancer). Methods Clinical data of 167 patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer admitted to Jiangmen Hospital, Southern Medical University and Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College between January 2005 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 males and 27 females with the average age of (58±7) years. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Seventy-eight cases were diagnosed with Child-Pugh classiifcation A, 44 with Child-Pugh classiifcation B and 45 with Child-Pugh classiifcation C. According to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, 31 cases were in stageⅡ, 54 in stageⅢ, 73 in stageⅣA and 9 in stageⅣB. The 30-d and long-term survival rates were analyzed. The inlfuencing factors of survival rates were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results The 30-d survival rate was 71.3%, and the 1-, 3-, 5-year accumulative survival rate was 40.1%, 16.5%, 5.4% respectively. Multiviariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that Child-Pugh classiifcation C, hypovolemic shock, number of tumors≥2, TNM stage Ⅲ and conservative therapy were the independent risk factors for 30-d survival rate (HR=9.503, 2.919, 4.760, 0.283, 32.004; P<0.05). Liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classification C, total bilirubin (TB)≥34 μmol/L, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy were the independent risk factors for long-term survival rate (HR=9.167, 5.950, 1.037, 2.821, 0.680, 8.147; P<0.05). Conclusions For patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer, Child-Pugh classiifcation C, hypovolemic shock, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy are the independent risk factors for short-term pronosis, whereas liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classiifcation C, TB≥34μmol/L, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy are the independent risk factors for long-term pronosis.

Objective:To explore the effects of phased goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) during anesthesia surgery on tissue perfusion and cognitive function in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 108 lung cancer patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group using a random number table method. The control group received classical restrictive liquid therapy, while the study group received staged GDFT. We compared the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, colloid fluid dosage, crystalloid fluid dosage, total output, and urine volume between two groups of patients; Two groups of patients were compared in terms of oxygenation index (OI), respiratory index (RI), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), lactate (Lac), central venous arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (Pcv-aCO 2), oxygen supply index (DO 2I), and oxygen uptake rate (O 2ERe) before anesthesia induction (T 0), before single lung ventilation (T 1), 1 hour of single lung ventilation (T 2), immediate resumption of dual lung ventilation (T 3), 30 minutes of dual lung ventilation (T 4), and after surgery (T 5); The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function scores of two groups of patients 1 day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery, while recording the incidence of cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and pulmonary complications (including pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, etc.) within 3 days after surgery. Results:The amount of crystal fluid and urine output in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the amount of colloidal fluid was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The OI of the study group T 1-T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RI of T 2-T 5 was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). The ScvO 2 of the study group T 1 to T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the Lac was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05); The MMSE scores of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before surgery on day 1 and 3 after surgery, and the MMSE scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group on day 1 and 3 after surgery (all P<0.05). The incidence of POCD within 3 days after surgery in the study group was 16.67%(9/54), lower than 37.04%(20/54) in the control group (χ 2=5.704, P=0.017); The incidence of pulmonary complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (5.56% vs 22.22%, χ 2=4.955, P=0.026). Conclusions:The application of staged GDFT during anesthesia in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery can further improve tissue perfusion, improve microcirculation and oxygen supply-demand balance of systemic organs and tissues, including the brain, alleviate perioperative brain function damage, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative POCD compared to conventional liquid therapy.