Objective To explore the applied values of ultra-pulse CO2 laser in blepharoplasty by shortening procedure time, improving the surgical satisfactory result and alleviating the operative and postoperative hemorrhage. Methods 238 patients with bulging, redundant skin in the upper and lower eye lids, including brow lift (26 cases), double eye lid surgery (48 cases), and lower lash line incision (159 cases). Laser incision was implemented with the ultra-pulse CO2 laser system. Results Bleeding was scant in 238 cases and hence local swelling subsided quickly with excellent healing. No eetropion, he-matoma and diplopia ever occurred. 3 months to 3 years follow-up showed satisfactory for all the patients. The result was quite satisfied in clinical observation and postoperative follow-up. Conclusion Utilizing the ultra-pulse CO2 laser in blepharoplasty has confirmed the satifisfatory surgical results, decreasing the surgical time, and reducing the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the related factor of postoperative provisional paraly?sis of parasagittal meningioma in the eloquent area. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on ninety-six pa?tients with parasagittal meningioma in the eloquent area treated by surgery from May 2005 to December 2015. Accord?ing to the diagnostic criteria for postoperative provisional paralysis, patients were divided into postoperative provisional paralysis group(n=31)and non- postoperative provisional paralysis group(n=65). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze the data including age, size of tumor,preoperative epilepsy, preoperative periph?eral edema, complete the occlusion of superior sagittal sinus(SSS) by tumor, incision of SSS during surgery, drainage vein damage during surgery. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)between these two groups in age(χ2=14.943,P=0.000), preoperative peripheral edema(χ2=4.435,P=0.049), the complete occlu?sion of SSS by tumor(χ2=5.248,P=0.028), incision of SSS during surgery(χ2=5.773,P=0.026), drainage vein damage during surgery(χ2=11.441,P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors related to postoperative provisional paralysis were age(OR=8.709,P=0.028), drainage vein damage during surgery(OR=16.242,P=0.012)and complete oc?clusion of SSS by tumor(OR=0.053,P=0.025). Conclusion Age and the drainage vein damage during surgery are the risk factors of postoperative provisional paralysis and complete occlusion of SSS by tumor is the protective factor for the oc? currence of postoperative provisional paralysis.

Objective To evaluate the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3) on murine macrophages in the recognition of Penicillium marneffei.Methods RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were cultured in vitro,and divided into four groups to be cocultured with inactivated and live Penicillium mameffei yeast cells as well as inactivated and live Penicillium marneffei conidia respectively at 37 ℃ in 5％ CO2 for one hour.The RAW264.7 cells incubated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as the blank control group.Then,reverse transcription-PCR was conducted to detect CR3 mRNA expression,Western blot to measure CR3 protein expression,flow cytometry to determine phagocytosis rate,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify cytokine levels in culture supernatant.Some RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with a specific siRNA targeting CR3 gene and cocultured with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,subsequently,phagocytosis rate and supematant cytokine levels were determined.Data were processed by the SPSS 16.0 software,and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for inter-group comparisons of these parameters.Results No significant differences were observed in the mRNA or protein expressions of CR3 among the four groups of RAW264.7 cells cocuhured with different forms of Penicillium marneffei (both P ＞ 0.05).The phagocytosis rate was 95.14％,89.56％,91.03％ and 90.78％ in RAW264.7 cells cocultured with inactivated conidia and yeast cells,as well as live conidia and yeast cells of Penicillium marneffei,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of interleukin (IL)-2,interferon (IFN)-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatant were increased at different degrees after one-hour coculture in the four coculture groups compared with the blank control group,but no statistical difference was noted among the four coculture groups in the supernatant levels of these cytokines (all P ＞ 0.05).After coculture with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,the siRNA-transfected RAW264.7 cells showed a statistical decrease in phagocytosis rate (10.89％ vs.92.78％,P ＜ 0.05) and supernatant levels of IL-2,IFN-γ IL-4 and IL-10 compared with untransfected RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions In early stage of innate immunity,CR3 on macrophages may be one of the pattern recognition receptors participating in the recognition and mediation of phagocytosis of Penicillium marneffei.It's possible that both Thl-and Th2-type cytokines,such as IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10,are involved in the immune response of macrophages against Penicillium marneffei.

Objective To identify the therapeutic effect and safety of anterograde flexibleureteroscopy on the treatment of upper -middle ureteral calculi.Methods The clinical data of 47 patients who underwent anterograde flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of upper -middle ureteral calculi in our center were retrospectively reviewed. During the 47 patients,28 cases were men,19 cases were women.Age ranged from 20 to 68 years.The diameter of calculi ranged from 8 to 22mm(mean =14 mm).Results The flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure were successful in all the cases.The mean operative time was (65.3 ±8.5)min.The mean hospital stay was 8 days.The average blood loss was less than 50mL.The initial stone -free rate was 93.62%(44 /47).No severe complications occurred intraoperative and postoperative.Conclusion Anterograde flexible ureteroscope has good therapeutic effect in treating upper -middle ureteral calculi.It is safe and effective procedure,with less complication and a high calculus removing rate.The surgical methods is worthy of clinical application.