Objective To investigate the correlation of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure in children. Methods A total of 6 790 children aged 6 to 13 years were inspected by random sampling. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and blood pressure were measured. The waist/hip ratio (WHR) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The data wrer analyzed by SPSS16.0 statistical software. Results The detection rate of hypertension in children was 5.57%. After controlling for age, both in male and female children, the BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR and systolic blood pressure showed a significant positive correlation by partial correlation analysis (all P<0.05). Both in male and female children, the BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and WHtR were significantly higher in children with hypertension than those in children with normal blood pressure (all P<0.05). Among all subjects, 280 children (4.12%) were obese, 622 children (9.16%) were overweight. The detection rates of hy-pertension were significantly different among obese, overweight and normal weight children (P<0.01). The detection rate of hypertension was significantly higher in obese children than that in overweight and normal weight children. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all significantly higher in obese and overweight children than that in normal weight children (P<0.05). Conclusion The hypertension prevalence of children aged 6 to 13 years in Zhengzhou is in the low to median level in the same age groups. The BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR are signiifcantly correlated with blood pressure in both gender, and the correlation is the most obvious in HC.

Objective Boy sexual development is affected not only by age, but also by environment factors .The present study was to survey and evaluate the status of sexual development in boys from Zhengzhou area and to explore their influencing factors. Methods The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, penis and testicles in 3779 boys aged from 6 to 13 years old in Zhengzhou were measured .The penis length and testicular volume of different ages and their influencing factors were compared, and the beginning age and sexual development characteristics were explored .The development of genitalia and pubes were evaluated by Tanner staging criteria and standards, which were divided into five stages. Results There were 3779 boys, including 395 overweight cases (10.45%) and 208 obesity cases (5.50%).The testicular volume and penis length increased by age, which increased slowly at the age of 6 to 11, followed by a rapid increase after the age of 11 year old.Testicular volume increased more rapidly than that of penis length. The medians quartile of testicular volume in overweight group ,obese group and normal group were 2.50 mL, 2.50 mL, 2.00 mL, 2.00 mL,2.00 mL,1.00 mL respectively .The testicular volume in overweight group and obese group were significantly greater than that in nor -mal group (P<0.01) and there were no difference between overweight group and obese group .The penis length in overweight group and obese group were significantly less than that in normal group (P<0.01), and there was no difference between overweight group and obese group.Testicular volume and penis length were positively correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference; the correlation between testicular volume and height, penis length and age were the strongest. The age of development of testicle (average 12.02 years) in urban area was later by 2.73 years than that in the rural area (average 9.9 years), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).The age of pubic development (P2) and maturity (P5) was (12.34 ±0.83) years and (12.39 ±1.24 ) years.The incidence of precocity in boys was 0.40%. Conclusion The sexual development of boys from Zheng-zhou area is similar to the results of large scale survey from China .Attention should be paid to the effect of obesity on sexual develop-ment, and early intervention should be given, the occurrence of adverse events of sexual development can be avoided .

Objective To summarize the correlation between cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) promoter-49 A/G polymorphism and Graves' disease (GD)in China.Methods The publications before Sep.30,2011 about the correlation between CTLA-4 promoter-49 A/G polymorphism and GD in China were collected by searching CNKI,CBM,and Wanfang database.Meta-analysis was performed to check the difference of genotypes such as AG,GG,GG + AG,and G allele between GD group and the control group.Results A total of 6 studies involving 570 cases in GD group and 486 cases in the control group were included in the meta-analysis.According to the heterogeneity of these studies,meta-analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between AG,GG,GG + AG genotype,G allele and GD by fixed effects model.The pooled OR value(95％ CI) of various studies was 1.97 (1.37-2.82),3.66 (2.42-5.53),2.55 (1.82-3.58),and 1.99 (1.49-2.65).Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrates that CTLA-4 promoter-49 A/G polymorphism increases the possibility of getting GD in Chinese.

Objective To investigate the relationship of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and its role in radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis.Methods HSC was treated with 6 MV X-ray irradiation (IR) together with the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.The cells were divided into inhibitor group,10 Gy IR group,10 Gy + inhibitor group,20 Gy IR group,an 20 Gy + inhibitor group and blank control group.Then cell apoptosis rate was detected,the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cell supernatant and the mRNA expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-Akt) were measured.Results Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate of 10 and 20 Gy IR group increased with irradiation dose (t =8.43,11.63,P ＜0.05) but they were reduced by the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt (t =8.09,4.88,P ＜0.05).The expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA,and p-Akt also increased with irradiation dose (t =6.91,7.80,9.28,P＜0.05) but they were declined by this inhibitor for both 10 Gy IR (t =6.17,15.11,10.34,P＜0.05) and 20 Gy IR (t =10.04,6.85,23.84,P＜0.05).Conclusions X-ray irradiation could activate HSC through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may further result in hepatic fibrosis.

It has been widely verified by various sorting methods that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in different types of tumor cells or tissues. However, due to lack of specific stem cell surface markers, CSCs are very difficult to be separated from some cancer cells, which becomes the key barrier of functional studies of CSCs. The sorting method by side population cells (SP) lays a solid foundation for in-depth and comprehensive study of CSCs. To identify the existence of SP in prostate cancer cell lines, we applied flow cytometry sorting by SP to cultures of prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, LnCap, and PC-3), and the cancer stem-like characteristics of SP were verified through experiments in vitro and in vivo. The proportion of SP in TSU cells was calculated to be 1.60%±0.40% [Formula: see text], and that in PC-3 and LnCap cells was calculated to be 0.80%±0.05% and 0.60%±0.20%, respectively. The colony formation assay demonstrated that the colony formation rate of SP to non-SP sorted from TSU via flow cytometry was 0.495±0.038 to 0.177±0.029 in 500 cells, 0.505±0.026 to 0.169±0.024 in 250 cells, and 0.088±0.016 to 0.043±0.012 in 125 cells respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tumors were observed in all the mice on the 10th day after injecting 50 000 cells subcutaneously in SP group, whereas when 5×10(6) cells were injected in non-SP group, tumors were developed in only 4 out of 8 mice until the 3rd week before the end of the experiment. Our results revealed that prostate cancer cells contain a small subset of cells, called SP, possessing much greater capacity of colony formation and tumorigenic potential than non-SP. These suggest that SP in prostate cancer cells may play a key role in the self-renewal and proliferation, and have the characteristics of cancer stem-like cells. Dissecting these features will provide a new understanding of the function of prostate CSCs in tumorigenicity and transformation.

Objective:The paper aims at developing a method of defining and visualizing the scope of the basic medical insurance pharmacy service, and provides a new way of thinking for the designated pharmacy planning. Methods:Collecting the basic data and information on administrative divisions in the planning area taking equity and efficiency as the guidance, using ArcGIS and its function modules to define and visualize the scope of the medical in-surance pharmacy service. The procedure of issue focus, method improvement, data simulation, expert consultation, methodology perfecting were followed to define and visualize the scope. Results:Forming a whole set of operative pro-cedures of defining and visualizing the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service based on medical resources allocation standard, and the operation commands and procedures in ArcGIS were clarified. Conclusion:Operating ac-cording to the appropriate method steps, the following can be achieved:(1) The adjacent scope of medical insurance pharmacy service are adjacent to each other but do not overlap or cross;(2) Spatial relations can be clearly and ef-fectively expressed;(3) The shape is flat and regular;(4) The data collected at different times can be comparable in space, providing good prerequisites for medical insurance designated pharmacy planning.

It has been widely verified by various sorting methods that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in different types of tumor cells or tissues. However, due to lack of specific stem cell surface markers, CSCs are very difficult to be separated from some cancer cells, which becomes the key barrier of functional studies of CSCs. The sorting method by side population cells (SP) lays a solid foundation for in-depth and comprehensive study of CSCs. To identify the existence of SP in prostate cancer cell lines, we applied flow cytometry sorting by SP to cultures of prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, LnCap, and PC-3), and the cancer stem-like characteristics of SP were verified through experiments in vitro and in vivo. The proportion of SP in TSU cells was calculated to be 1.60%±0.40% [Formula: see text], and that in PC-3 and LnCap cells was calculated to be 0.80%±0.05% and 0.60%±0.20%, respectively. The colony formation assay demonstrated that the colony formation rate of SP to non-SP sorted from TSU via flow cytometry was 0.495±0.038 to 0.177±0.029 in 500 cells, 0.505±0.026 to 0.169±0.024 in 250 cells, and 0.088±0.016 to 0.043±0.012 in 125 cells respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tumors were observed in all the mice on the 10th day after injecting 50 000 cells subcutaneously in SP group, whereas when 5×10(6) cells were injected in non-SP group, tumors were developed in only 4 out of 8 mice until the 3rd week before the end of the experiment. Our results revealed that prostate cancer cells contain a small subset of cells, called SP, possessing much greater capacity of colony formation and tumorigenic potential than non-SP. These suggest that SP in prostate cancer cells may play a key role in the self-renewal and proliferation, and have the characteristics of cancer stem-like cells. Dissecting these features will provide a new understanding of the function of prostate CSCs in tumorigenicity and transformation.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Side-Population Cells ; pathology

Objective To scale the frequencise of medical X-ray diagnosis based on the survey conducted in 58 hospitals to the all hospitals in Henan province,in order to make them available for providing the basis for reasonable application of diagnostic radiology.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to select medical institutions at different levels in 6 cities in the province as sample hospitals.The information of examined patients on sex,age,diagnostic type and exposure category were gathered and the results were analyzed.Results The sex ratio of male and female examined patients was close to 1∶1.The largest proportion,60.47％,of examined patients was from the age group of above 40 years old among the three age groups.Medical diagnositc medical X-ray examinations mainly include conventional X-ray photography and CT examination,accounting for 52.15％ and 40.31％,respectively.Chest examination contributed the largest propotions,23.84％,of conventional diagnositic X-ray examination and,13.25％,of CT examination respectively.CT examinations were mainly concentrated in the secondary and tertiary hospitals,accounting for 21.54％ and 72.99％ of the total CT examinations,respectively.Contrast examination,mammography and extracorporeal lithotripsy were concentrated in the tertiary hospitals,accounting for 77.82％,95.01％ and 100％ of the same type of examinations,respectively.Conventional photographic examinations were mainly conducted in primary hospitals,accounting for 74.56％ of all types of examinations in the primary hospitals.By using multiple linear regression model,the diagnostic examination frequency in 2016 was estimated to be 826 examinations per 1 000 population,of which the frequency of dianostic X-ray examination and CT examination were 541 per 1 000 and 285 per 1 000,respectively.Conclusions The frequency of diagnostic radiology in Henan has increased rapidly in recent years.All types of diagnostic radiology equipment are unevenly distributed in hospitals at different levels which posed a challenge for health care.Relevant departments should make efforts to reallocation of diagnostic radiology equipment in such hospitals and make utilization of health resources more reasonable.