Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between tumor doubling time (TD) and the prognosis of patients with lung cancer.Methods:According to the diameter of tumor or its shadow,the TD of tumor was calculated and postoperative survival time (PST) were predicted based on the Geddes' nomogram.The statistic analysis was performed after comparison with the actual survival time (AST).Results:There was no significant difference of TD among tumors of different histological types (P>0.05).The accumulated survival in patients with TD>100 days was higher than those with TD<100 days, with a significant difference (P<0.05).The AST in patients underwent surgery was markedly higher than the PST,indicating that the operation was effective.Conclusion:Tumor TD may be a valuable parameter for evaluating the prognosis and surgical treatment in patients with lung cancer.

Objective: To investigate the frequency , distribution and features of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer, and to provide evidence for lymph node dissection. Methods: 348 patients with lung cancer were retrospectively studied, all patients received R_3 surgery plus systemic lymph node dissection according to the mapping system developed by Naruke. Results: Total 3 689 groups of lymph nodes were dissected . The metastatic rates of N_1 and N_2 were 23.4% and 16.5%, respectively. N_1 or N_2 metastasis was not found in Tis tumor. There was a significant difference of N_2 metastasis rates between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in T_1 or T_2 tumor (P

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and management of bronchial rupture from blunt thoracic trauma. Methods A group of 31 patients with bronchial rupture was involved. Chest roentgenography, tornography and bronchoscopy were performed on all patients. The surgical technique and complications were described.Results Diagnosis was confirmed by tomography and bronchoscopy in all the patients. End to end anastomosis was used in 26 patients. Four patients were operated with total pneurnonectomy. One patient was repaired with an intercostal muscle and rib flap with blood supply. Of the 31 patients, one died of adult respiratory distress syndrome after operation. Most patients had excellent surgical outcomes. 81％ (25/31)of the bronchial rupture were delayed in diagnosis and treatment. The classic symptoms and signs of bronchial rupture included subcutaneous emphysema, dyspnea and an intermediate coma interval. The roentgenogram showed mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax, “drop lung” sign and marked radiodensity of hilum widened mediastinum.Conclusion Bronchoscopy is a useful and accurate method to diagnose and treat the bronchial rupture, with which surgeons can easily locate the rupture site during surgery. Surgical treatment could restore pulmonary function in most patients.

Objectives To investigate the frequency, distribution and features of lymph nodes metastasis in T1/T2 squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and to provide evidence for extensive dissection of lymph nodes．Methods 254 patients with T1/T2 squamous caroinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung underwent R2 surgery plus extensive dissection of hilar, interlobular and mediastinal lymph nodes according to the grouping system proposed by Naruke．Results A total of 1685 groups of lymph nodes were dissected． The metastatic rates of N1 and N2 were 20．0% and 10．2%． The differerce was very significant between T1 and T2 (P<0．01)． No, N2 metastasis was found in T1 squamous carcinoma． N2 metastatic rates were 22．0% in squamous carcinoma and 40．9% in adenocarcinoma (P<0．01)． 64．3% of squamous carcinomas spread to only one group of N2 nodes,and over 3 groups of lymph nodes were positive in 46．2% of adenocarcinonmas． Saltatory metastasis accounted for 57．5% of N2 metastasis． 13．6% of N2-positive tumors in the upper lobes metastasized to the lower mediastinum, whereas 51．6% of N2-positive tumors in the lower lobes spread to the upper mediastinum．Conclusions The frequency of lymph node metastasis increases with the growth of tumors． Metastasis occurs more frequently in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma． Tumor at any site can metastasize to the distant mediastinum． Except for T1 squamous carcinoma, radical surgery can be achieved only by extensive dissection of ipsilateral intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes．

Objectives To investigate the frequency, distribution and features of lymph nodes metastasis in T1/T2 squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and to provide evidence for extensive dissection of lymph nodes．Methods 254 patients with T1/T2 squamous caroinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung underwent R2 surgery plus extensive dissection of hilar, interlobular and mediastinal lymph nodes according to the grouping system proposed by Naruke．Results A total of 1685 groups of lymph nodes were dissected． The metastatic rates of N1 and N2 were 20．0% and 10．2%． The differerce was very significant between T1 and T2 (P<0．01)． No, N2 metastasis was found in T1 squamous carcinoma． N2 metastatic rates were 22．0% in squamous carcinoma and 40．9% in adenocarcinoma (P<0．01)． 64．3% of squamous carcinomas spread to only one group of N2 nodes,and over 3 groups of lymph nodes were positive in 46．2% of adenocarcinonmas． Saltatory metastasis accounted for 57．5% of N2 metastasis． 13．6% of N2-positive tumors in the upper lobes metastasized to the lower mediastinum, whereas 51．6% of N2-positive tumors in the lower lobes spread to the upper mediastinum．Conclusions The frequency of lymph node metastasis increases with the growth of tumors． Metastasis occurs more frequently in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma． Tumor at any site can metastasize to the distant mediastinum． Except for T1 squamous carcinoma, radical surgery can be achieved only by extensive dissection of ipsilateral intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes．