Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of lamivudine in the treatment of HBV infection. Methods 237 cases of HBV infection were divided into two groups randomly. 128 patients of group A were administered lamivudine 150mg a day for 48 weeks and routine nonspecific drugs. 109 patients of group B were administered only routine nonspecific drugs. HBV serological markers, HBV DLT and ALT were measured at 8th,16 th 24th,48th week. Results In the group A, HBV DNA negative conversion rates at 8th,16th,24th and 48th weeks after treatment were 52 3%,82 0%,96 1% and 89 1% respectively, which were higher than those in the group B(P

Medical Solace Words are a kind of working language used by medical staff who tend to offer solace and encouragement to patients on purpose of medical treatment,and it is a kind of oral language frequently applied by medical staff in the new medical mode.Medical solace aims at decreasing and eliminating patients' negative emotions and improving their mood so as to establish a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,and make the treatment smooth as well.This article analyzes medical solace words from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics,revealing that for the concealment and complexity of the expressing context for medical words,and the unique programmatic rules of medical language,medical staff should pay much attention to the language hierarchy and grasp the explanatory principle and the guiding principle of medical solace language to achieve the targeted effects of medical solace.

Toresolve the problems in current physiologyexam,this paper proposed the measures in examination reform of physiology,which would provide reference for better training innovative medical personnel with a good overall quality to meet the needs of society.

Total Glucosides of Paeony Root ( TGPs, 5-40 mg/kg) had a dose-related increasing effect on the survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxia. TGPs (20 mg/kg) had a significant increasing effect on survival time of mice under hypobaric hypoxia & a decreasing effect in the oxygen consumption in mice. TGPs ( 40mg/kg ) decreased the mortality of mice from the acute hypoxia induced by KCN. Increasing effect on the survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxia of TGPs was significantly antagonised by chlortrimeton. The efficacy of TGPs (icv 2.5-5 mg/kg) approximated to that of TGPs (ip 5-40 mg/kg) respectively. It suggested that the effect of TGPs on resistance to hypoxia was produced by central nervous system. The efficacy of TGPs ( icv) was significantly antagonised by chlortrimeton. It was shown that the effect of TGPs was produced by H1-receptor. In the experiment of resistance to hypoxia of TGPs (ip or icv), we measured the change of rectal temperature of mice. The data indicated the positive corr- elation of both effects of TGPs (r=0.58, P

Objective:To investigate the value of atropine administration before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in the elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy.Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 87 elderly hospitalized patients receiving chest enhanced CT test suggesting the risk of lung cancer with enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in 7 regions were scheduled to undergo endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into two groups by flipping a coin: the atropine group(n=40)and the control group(n=47). The indicators for evaluating the application values of atropine included preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate, oropharyngeal and airway secretion volume, oxygen saturation, operation time, positive diagnosis rate and postoperative adverse reactions.Results:SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group before endotracheal intubation(131.7±15.3 mmHg vs.140.7±13.7 mmHg, 79.1±7.6 mmHg vs.85.6±7.4 mmHg, t=2.885 and 4.061, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation between the atropine group versus the control group(SBP: 109.1±11.2 mmHg vs.105.0±12.2 mmHg, 136.9±23.0 mmHg vs.129.9±11.2 mmHg, DBP: 66.9±7.5 mmHg vs.68.0±8.3 mmHg, 77.6±10.9 mmHg vs.78.5±6.4 mmHg, t=-1.617, 0.687, -1.751 and 0.448, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in HR between the two groups before endotracheal intubation( t=1.416, P>0.05), while HR was higher in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-3.323 and -2.181, P<0.01 and P<0.05). The change rates of SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=7.947, -6.962, -3.187 and -3.232, P<0.01). The change rate of HR was lower in the atropine group 10 min after endoscopic operation and was higher 10 min after tracheal extubation than in the control group( t=-6.467 and -4.131, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the volume of oropharyngeal and airway secretions and fingertip oxygen saturation between the two groups before endotracheal intubation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-2.334, 2.759, -3.314 and -2.767, P<0.01). The endoscopic operation time was less in the atropine group than in the control group with no statistically significant difference[(25.9±5.7)min vs.(26.4±4.7)min, t=0.391, P>0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the atropine group versus the control group(34 patients or 85.0% vs.43 patients or 91.5%, χ2=1.247, P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of atropine before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia is beneficial to stabilizing the intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate, and can reduce the production of postoperative oropharyngeal and airway secretions in elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy.

Objective To detect the mutations in ATP2C1 gene of 5 sporadic patients with Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD).Methods Five sporadic patients with HHD collected from the outpatient clinic setting were recruited into this study with informed consent.Blood samples were taken from all patients and 100 unrelated human controls.and DNA was extracted from these samples.Mutation scanning was carried out for ATP2C1 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing.Results The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed by typical clinical manifestation,cutaneous pathology and immunofluorescence pathology.Five novel mutations.including a deletion mutation (2025delG),three missence mutations (L269R,C348R,A651D) and a non-sense mutation (Q259X) were identified in these cases.No mutations were detected in any of the 100 controls.Conclusion Five novel mutations in ATP2C1 gene have been identified for Hailey-Hailey disease.

We investigated the antibiotic‐resistant genes and genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients in hospital ,the smear samples from hospital and clinic environment ,and from medical staff’ hands respectively in 2011‐2012 in Nanshan District of Shenzhen .Polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the 20 kinds of antibiotic‐resistant genes (TEM , VEB,CARB,OXA,SHV,PER,GES,GTX,SPM,GIM,IMP,VIM,DHA,oprD,Aac(6′)‐Ⅰ ,Aac(6′)‐Ⅱ ,Aac (3′)‐Ⅰ ,A ac(2″)‐Ⅰ ,qacE1‐sull and int‐Ⅰ) .Multilocus sequencing typing was used to analyze the clonal complexes .The 11 kinds resistant genes TEM ,SHV ,IMP ,DHA ,Aac(6′)‐Ⅰ ,Aac(6′)‐Ⅱ ,Aac(3′)‐Ⅰ ,Aac(2″)‐Ⅰ ,qacE1‐sull ,int‐Ⅰand oprD were detected ,for the positive rates respectively ,and which were 8 .1% ,6 .4% ,4 .8% ,9 .7% ,4 .8% ,14 .5% ,9 .7% , 56 .5% ,8 .1% ,and 8 .1% ;the loss rate of oprD gene was 61 .2% .The 19 antibiotic resistance gene profiles existed in 52 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains .Multilocus sequencing typing found 39 sequence types and 5 clonal complexes in 62 Pseudo‐monas aeruginosa strains ,CC244 and ST856 were dominant .There were some differences of antibiotic resistance gene profiles between different samples ,the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients carried multiple resistant genes .In our research , the Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the genetic diversity and the dominant clonal complexes existed .

ObjectiveTo Summarize the experience of totally thoracoscopic operation for atrial myxoma.Methods From December 2007 to November 2011,44 patients with atrial myxoma,including 37 cases of Left atrial myxoma,6 cases of Right atrial myxoma,1 case of double atrial myxoma were treated totally under thoracoscope.Surgical procedures were performed through 3 troears inserted at the right chest wall,and catheters were placed in the right femoral artery and vein (or in the right atrium,femoral vein)to set up extracorporeal circulation.The ascending aorta was cross-clamped with long tailor-made forceps and the myocardium was protected by coronary perfusion with cold crystalloid (blood) cardioplegia.ResultsAll the operations were completed successfully.The mean extracorporeal circulation and cross-clamping time were (49 ± 18 )min and (28 ± 10) min respectively.Postoperative ventilation was withdrawn in(3.8 ± 1.4) h,and the patients were discharged from the hospital in (6.8 ± 1.3 ) d.3 of the patients had postoperative complications,including 1 case of fat liquefaction of the incision at the right groin ( delayed healing),2 cases of subcutaneous emphysema ( healed by bandaged chest).No severe complications occurred in this series.UCG performed 3 - 5 days after the operation revealed surgical results were satisfactory.Followup up to 2 months to 4 years were available in all cases.During the period,the heart function was confirmed as level Ⅰ.ConclusionVideo-assisted thoraeoseopie cardiac surgery is feasible,safe,and minimal invasive for patients,resulting in quick recovery and good cosmetic outcomes.

ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of totally thoracoscopic operation for congenital heart diseases.MethodsFrom September 2000 to November 2011,1281 patients with congenital heart disease,including 1016 cases of atrial septal defect,110 cases of ventricular septal defect,61 cases of atrioventricular tube defects,33 cases of tetralogy of Fallot,24 cases of part anomalous pulmonary venous connection,12 cases of pulmonary valve stenosis,9 cases of patent ductus arteriosus,8 case of triatriatum,7 cases of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome,and 1 case of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were treated totally under thoracoscope.Surgical procedures were performed through 3 troears inserted at the right chest wall,and catheters were placed in the right femoral artery and vein ( or in the right atrium,femoral vein) to set up extracorporeal circulation.The ascending aorta was cross-clamped with long tailor-made forceps and the myocardium was protected by coronary perfusion with cold crystalloid (blood) cardioplegia.ResultsAll the operations were completed successfully.The mean extracorporeal circulation and cross-clamping time were ( 42 ± 16 ) min and ( 21 ± 9 ) min respectively.Postoperative ventilation was withdrawn in(4.1 ± 1.5 ) h,and the patients were discharged from the hospital in(7.1 ± 1.4) d.35 of the patients had postoperative complications,including 16 cases of right pneumothorax (healed by thoracentesis),12 cases of subcutaneous emphysema ( healed by bandaged chest) and 7 cases of fat liquefaction of the incision at the right axillary( 3 cases) and groin(4 cases) ( delayed healing).No severe complications occurred in this series.UCG performed 4 - 8 days after the operation revealed no residual shunt.Follow-up up to 3 months to 9 years were available in 914 cases.During the period,the heart function was confirmed as level Ⅰ - Ⅱ.ConclusionTotally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery is feasible,safe,and minimal invasive for patients,resulting in quick recovery and good cosmetic outcomes.

Examination paper analysis is an important job in examination management.It includes qualificative analysis and quantitative analysis,which are connective and complementary.This essay discusses the selection and application of examination paper analysis indexes.