[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Constipation/therapy* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Patients

Objective:To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2022 and to provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention in the area.Methods:Epidemiological data on HFMD in Shenzhen Nanshan District from 2019 to 2022 in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed using descriptive research methods.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the etiology characteristics of clinical specimens from HFMD patients. The VP1 gene of the dominant pathogen coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was amplified and sequenced. SepMan Pro of DNASTAR software was used for sequence assembly and MegAlign was used for nucleotide homology analysis.Results:A total of 13 195 HFMD cases were reported in Shenzhen Nanshan District from 2019 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 186.18/100, 000. Summer and autumn are the main onset seasons and children under 7 years old were the main population, accounting for 93.1%. The male-to-female ratio is 1.44∶1. A total of 451 clinical HFMD specimens were detected in the laboratory, including 403 positive (87.36%) and 48 negative (10.64%). The main pathogens were CV-A6 (63.03%), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) (27.79%), coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) (4.71%), coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) (1.99%), Echovirus 11 (Echo-11) (0.25%), and uncertain type accounted for 2.23%, with no detection for enterovirus71 (EV71) type. The nucleotide homology of the 13 CV-A6 strains ranged from 94.0%?99.6%, and the nucleotide homology with the prototype strain Gdula ranged 84.1%?85.8%. The results of phylogenetic tree showed that all 13 CV-A6 strains in Nanshan District were of the D3a genotype.Conclusions:FHFMD in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City in 2019-2022 shows obvious differences in population and time distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education on HFMD prevention and control in the summer and fall seasons and among key populations. CV-A6 and CV-A16 are the dominant strains of HFMD in Nanshan District, Shenzhen in recent years, so the monitoring of the dominant strains should be improved.

With increasing age, more and more patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens (ICL) implantation are facing the threat of cataracts to their visual acuity.When examining the eyes of cataract patients after ICL surgery, attention should be paid to whether the density of corneal endothelial cells is greater than 2 000 cells/mm 2, the state of the anterior chamber angle, and whether there are fundus abnormalities such as retinal detachment and choroidal neovascularization.When conducting eye biometry measurement, attention should be paid to the measurement starting and ending lines of anterior chamber depth and lens thickness.If patients undergo ICL combined with corneal refractive surgery, they should be examined with two or more devices to obtain corneal refractive power according to the examination requirements after corneal laser vision correction.When selecting the type of intraocular lens, consideration should be given to the histological characteristics of high myopia.Compared to C- and L- loops, plate-haptic is relatively more stable in patients with high myopia accompanied by large capsules and larger diameters of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.Kane, Barrett Universal Ⅱ, Olsen, Hill-RBF formulas for calculating the refractive power of intraocular lenses are more accurate in people with long axial length.It is recommended to perform ICL removal simultaneously with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, preferably with a surgical incision greater than 2.6 mm.Femtosecond laser assisted cataract extraction surgery, although superior to traditional phacoemulsification in reducing corneal endothelial cell loss, reducing corneal edema, and high-quality capsulorhexis, can cause incomplete capsulorhexis and fragmentation due to the cavitation bubbles, manual adjustment of location, and the impact of lower vault.It is recommended to use it with caution.Ophthalmologists should fully understand and pay attention to the characteristics and difficulties of cataract surgery after ICL surgery, communicate fully with patients, and make personalized surgery to achieve better visual outcomes.

Objective:To observe any effect of using a lower limb exoskeleton robot during ankle rehabilitation training on the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Forty-five persons with cerebral apoplexy were randomly divided into a control group, a robot group and a combination group, each of 15. In addition to routine rehabilitation training 5 days a week for 3 weeks, the robot group additionally trained for 10 minutes assisted by a lower limb exoskeleton. The combined group joined that training and additionally undertook 10 minutes of ankle rehabilitation training. Before and after the experiment all of the participants were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity scale (FMA-LE), the Holden functional walking scale (FAC), and for walking speed and step frequency.Results:After treatment, significant improvement was observed in the average FMA-LE score, FAC grade, walking speed and step frequency in all 3 groups. The robot group′s average FMA-LE score, walking speed and step frequency were then significantly better than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Moreover, the average FMA-LE score, step speed and step frequency of the combined group after treatment were (22.67±1.63) min, (0.65±0.05) m/s and (80.80±4.28) steps /min, respectively, significantly better than the other two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Using an exoskeleton robot combined with ankle rehabilitation training can significantly improve the walking of stroke survivors.

Objective:To obtain hepatitis B virus capsid-like particles (CLPs) displaying B-cell linear epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and evaluate their immunogenicity.Methods:Four recombinant plasmids expressing fusion proteins (M1-HBc, S1-57-HBc, S14P5-HBc and S21P2-HBc) were constructed by separately replacing codon of alanine at position 80 of hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) with four genes coding for four B-cell linear epitopes (M1, S1-57, S14P5 and S21P2). These four recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) strains. The expression products were identified using SDS-PAGE, Western blot and native agarose gel electrophoresis (NAGE). CLPs were purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, verified for antigenicity by Western blot and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Serum antibody titers were detected by ELISA. Results:The recombinant fusion proteins M1-HBc and S1-57-HBc self-assembled into M1-CLP and S1-57-CLP. The titer of antibody against S1-57 polypeptide in S1-57-CLP-immunized mouse serum approached 1∶1 000 000.Conclusions:Hepatitis B virus CLPs displaying SARS-CoV-2 M1 or S1-57 linear epitopes are successfully expressed in a prokaryotic system and purified. S1-57-CLP has good immunogenicity. This study provides a new idea for the development of novel diagnostic reagents and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of pseudomonas aeruginosa Injection (PAI) in the treatment of coeliac leakage after cervical lymph node dissection for robotic thyroid cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 1262 patients who underwent robotic thyroid surgery at the 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army from Jan. 2021 to Aug. 2023 was made. Postoperative celiac leakage happened in 28 patients. The control and injection groups were divided according to whether pseudomonas aeruginosa injection was used or not. In the control group, there were 4 males and 11 females out of 15 patients, with an average age of (46.20±9.02) years old, and the treatment methods of low-fat diet, negative pressure suction, and pressure bandage were used. In the injection group, there were 7 males and 6 females among 13 patients, with an average age of (41.00±8.87) years. They were treated with low-fat diet, negative pressure suction, pressure bandage, and PAI .The number of lymph node dissection, total drainage volume, peak drainage volume, days of hospitalization and the rate of decline in drainage volume within 24 h after the use of PAI in the injection group, post-injection temperature, number of injections, and post-injection extubation time were statistically analyzed in both groups. Independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison between groups. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, extent of thyroidectomy, highest daily drainage volume, and total drainage volume between the two groups ( P>0.05). The difference in the number of lymph node dissection (49.15±23.05 vs. 30.80±11.76, P=0.012) and hospitalization time (11.77±4.64 vs. 16.40±6.42, P=0.041) between the injection group and the control group was statistically significant. After the use of pseudomonas aeruginosa injection, the draining fluid decreased from the previous day (69.56± 20.82) % in the injection group; Twelve patients were successfully extubated after one injection of pseudomonas aeruginosa injection, and one patient was successfully extubated after two injections; the mean time to extubation after injection was (3.85±1.28) days; 76.9% patients (10/13) had fever symptoms within 48 h with body temperature (38.05±0.89) ℃ after injection, body temperature returned to normal after symptomatic treatment,and no other adverse reactions occurred except fever. Conclusion:Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection is safe and effective in the treatment of celiac leakage after cervical lymph node dissection for robotic thyroid cancer, effectively reducing cervical drainage and shortening hospitalization days.

Objective To investigate the effect of final vowel types on the voice onset time(VOT)of differ-ent stops in children with hearing impairment,and to provide a basis for the acquisition and correction of stop sounds.Methods A total of 22 hearing-impaired children aged 3～6 and 22 children with normal hearing were ran-domly selected-18 consonant-vowel(CV)syllables composed of 6 stops and 3 single finals were recorded,using first tone.Using Praat 6.1.29 software to analyze and extract the stops VOT.Two-way ANOVA was used for each stop,the dependent variable was VOT,and the independent variables were hearing status and final type.Results Children in the hearing-impaired group had articulation errors in/t/,/g/,and/k/.Hearing status had significant effect on the main effect of plosives/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/(P＜0.05),and the VOT of slurs/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/in the normal hearing group significantly greater than the hearing-impaired group(P＜0.05).The main effect of finals on the VOT of the stops/b/,/p/and/t/was significant(P＜0.05).Hearing status and final type had an interac-tive effect on the stop/t/,and the simple main effect showed that the difference in VOT of/ti/between the hear-ing-impaired group and the normal hearing group was greater than that of/ta/and/tu/.Conclusion The stops/g/,/p//t/,/k/VOT of hearing-impaired children are smaller than those of with normal hearing.The difference in VOT of/ti/sound between the hearing impaired group and the normal hearing group is greater than that of/ta/sound and/tu/sound.In the teaching of the initial/t/sound for hearing-impaired children,we can start with/ta/and/tu/with less difference,and the/ti/sound is consolidated later.Pay attention to breathing and oral exercise training,to lay a good foundation for clear pronunciation.

Purpose/Significance To construct a named entity corpus of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)ancient records,and to improve the recognition accuracy and applicability of the general domain named entity recognition(NER)model in the field of TCM ancient records.Method/Process Annotation standards for entities in TCM ancient records are formulated,and 2 384 Xin'an medical records are annotated.A RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF model is developed,and word vectors with semantic features are generated using the RoBERTa pre-trained language model.The BiLSTM-CRF model is used to learn the global semantic features of sequences and decode and output the optimal label sequence.Dictionary and rule features are incorporated to enhance the model's capability to recognize entity boundaries and categories.Result/Conclusion The model shows a good recognition effect on the named entity corpus of Xin'an medical cases.Integration of domain terminology dictionaries and rule-based features improves the overall Fl score to 72.8％.

The aging process in China is accelerating, and geriatric care is facing daunting challenges. This paper reviews the concept, component factors, measurement methods of cognitive reserve, and its role in geriatric nursing, and elaborates on the necessity of personalized cognitive reserve intervention for the aged, so as to promote the application of cognitive reserve in geriatric nursing.