Objective To discuss clinical effect of anti-inflammatory No.1 on prevention and treat-ment of chemotherapeutic phlebitis. Methods 200 patients undergoing peripheral venous chemotherapy were divided into the observation group and the control group with 100 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing, the observation group was given local compression with gauze dipped with anti-inflammatory No.1 agents. The incidence of phlebitis was compared between the two groups and un-derwent χ2 test. Results The incidence of phlebitis in the observation group was lower than that of the control group. Conclusions Application of local compression with anti-inflammatory No.1 agents proves to be an effective method in prevention and treatment of chemotherapeutic phlebitis.