BACKGROUND:Acupuncture has been found to be effective for alleviating low back pain and acute pain due to knee arthritis, but its effect on chronic pain is under discussion. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture (EA) alleviating chronic pain in a New Zealand rabbit model of knee arthritis. METHODS:(1) Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were selected, and the knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting 4% papain into the knee articular cavity of rabbit's bilateral hind limbs. The model rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group): normal saline plus EA, normal saline plus sham EA, nor-Binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) plus EA, and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups. The dosage of nor-BNI was 1 mg/kg, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. 30-minute EA was given at 2 hours after administration, once daily, until the day the rabbits were killed. Sham EA indicated no given electric current. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores. The rabbits were respectively killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after administration, the spinal cord was separated, and then fixed with formaldehyde. The expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. (2) The other 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into model and control groups (n=12 per group), and the knee osteoarthritis model was established in the former group. Afterwards, the two groups were randomized into two subgroups, followed by given the intrathecal administration of normal saline, or 2 μg interleukin-17 antibody serum dissolvedin 10 μL normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores, and the expression levels of p-NR1 and interleukin-17 receptor were detected by western blot assy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the nor-BNI plus EA group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). The expression level of NRI did not differ significantly between nor-BNI plus EA and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups (P> 0.05). After administration of interleukin-17 antibody serum, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the model group was significantly increased, and the expression levels of interleukin-17 and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased, but still significantly higher than those in the control subgroups (P< 0.05). These results suggest that chronic pain in knee arthritis is the result of an increase in the expression level of NRI induced by interleukin-17. EA can remarkably improve the pain in the model rabbits of knee arthritis by downregulating interleukin-17 in the spinal cord tissues, rather than interleukin-17 receptor.

Objective To explore the effect of the teacher-student co-construction of skills training team in teaching of nursing skills for higher vocational nursing students. Methods About 129 students from grade 12 were enrolled in the control group, where the traditional teaching method was used. Another 136 nursing students from grade 13 were enrolled in the experiment group, where the teacher-student co-construction of skills training team was used. The two groups were compared in terms of test scores on nursing skills . Result The scores of the nursing skill in the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The implementation of teacher-student co-construction of nursing skills training team can improve the nursing skills of the nursing students, motivate students' initiative and creativity and enhance their sense of responsibility and other comprehensive quality.

Objective To investigate the value and advantage of ultrasound guided intermuscular groove and suprascapular nerve block combined with general anesthesia in shoulder arthroscopy.Methods 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in group A were treated with general anesthesia,while patients in group B were treated with brachial plexus and suprascapular nerve block combined with general anesthesia.Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR) and visual analogy score (VAS) were measured at preoperative (To),5 min after the beginning of the surgey (T1),30 min after the beginning of the surgey (T2),at the end of the surgery (T3),and 30 min after removing laryngeal mask (T4).Bispectral index (BIS) was recorded at T1 and T2.The operation time,extubation time,dosage of opioids (sufentanyl),dosage of propofol,visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at awake time in post anesthesia care unit (PACU),and 6 h,12 h,24 h after surgery.Results There were no significant differences in the BIS between two groups at T1 and T2 (P ＞ 0.05).Both the MAP and HR had no statistical significance at T0 (P ＞ 0.05).MAP and HR in group B were significantly lower than those in group A from T1 to T4 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group A,patients in group B had significantly shorter extubation time (P ＜ 0.05),smaller dosages of sufentanyl and propofol (P ＜ 0.05),lower VAS scores at awake time 6 h and 12 h after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Brachial plexus and suprascapular nerve block combined with general anesthesia can offer better anesthesia status,reduce dosage of opioids and propofol,and can provide effective analgesia in shoulder arthroscopy.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile eruption disease mainly caused by systemic vascular di-seases, often is diagnosed in infants and young children, and mainly involve small and medium arteries of the whole body.KD can be complicated by coronary artery disease, carditis, interstitial pneumonia, aseptic meningitis and so on.KD complicated with acute abdomen, such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction, has also been paid attention to in recent years.Early identification of acute abdomen as a manifestation of KD complications and timely treatment can help improve the prognosis of coronary artery disease and acute abdomen caused by KD.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell strategy targeting CD19 (CART19) has prominent anti-tumor effect for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. CART19-associated complications have been gradually recognized, however, late-onset complications have not been extensively studied. Herein, for the first time we report a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient with terminal ileum involvement obtained rapid remission and developed spontaneous terminal ileal perforation 38 days following CART19 infusion. The late-onset perforation reminds us that, for the safety of CART treatment, more cautions are warranted for the management of delayed GI complications.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Receptors, Antigen* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Objective: To report clinical feature and results of genetic analysis of 3 patients from 2 families with Finnish variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Methods: The clinical and ultrastructural features of 3 patients with progressive neurodegenerative diseases were retrospectively analyzed from October 2014 to December 2016 in Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. The whole exon sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze the molecular genetics of the patients and their parents. Results: The probands were 11 years and 3 moths, 9 years and 1 month,10 years and 1 month old. All were normal at birth, and from 5-6 years old they began to develop "regression of cognition and motion, impaired vision". Physical examination at the first consultation: clear minded butignorant, unable to speak and understand instructions, unable to stand up and sit alone, unable to maintain postureupright. The brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) indicated diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, white matter damage. Blood biochemistry, lactic acid, acid-base balancewere normal. Electron microscopic examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed swelling of the nucleus, autophagy, intracellular massive deposits and abnormal vacuoles. Two compound heterozygous c.334C> T (p.Arg112Cys) and c.595C> T (p.Arg199Ter) mutations of CLN5 gene were identified in the two siblings, and the proband 3 was c.335G> A (p.Arg199His) homozyousmutation, which were inherited from their unaffected parents. Conclusions The 3 cases with Finnish variant late infantileneuronal ceroid lipofuscinosises were normal at birth, cognitive and motor function was regressed at preschool age.Brain MRI showed whole brain atrophy, white matter lesions, there were no bovious difference from other neurodegenerative diseases. Blood biochemistry and pathological examination of lymphocytes had no specific changes. The pathogenic genes were CLN5,most are inherited in autosomal recessive way.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated with acute abdomen in children.Methods:Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, abdominal B-ultrasound scans, abdominal plain films, abdominal CT findings, coronary artery lesions and prognosis of 16 children with KD and acute abdomen admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The measurement data of age, leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet and biochemical indexes are expressed by M (range). Results:A total of 16 cases were included, involving 7 males and 9 females aged 4 years and 8 months (7 months to 8 years). Among them, 9 cases of KD complicated with cholecystitis, 5 cases with intestinal obstruction, 2 cases with acute appendicitis, 2 cases with necrotizing enterocolitis, 2 cases with acute peritonitis and 1 case with acute pancreatitis.There were 3 cases complica-ted with 2 or more kinds of acute abdomen diseases.All 16 patients had symptoms of abdominal pain, 7 cases had vomiting, 4 cases had obvious abdominal distension and 1 case had bloody stool.Abdominal B-ultrasound was performed in all cases, and 8 cases showed enlargement of gallbladder and edema and thickening of gallbladder wall, 2 cases of appendicitis, 2 cases of intestinal obstruction and 1 case of pancreatic enlargement.Abdominal plain film examination was performed in 8 cases, suggesting necrotizing enterocolitis in 2 cases and intestinal obstruction in 2 cases.Abdominal CT examination was performed in 3 cases, including edema of gallbladder wall in 1 case, peritonitis in 1 case, intestinal obstruction in 2 cases and enlargement of pancreas in 1 case.All the 16 cases were treated with pulsed intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 2 g/kg and antiplatelet agents.Eight IVIG-resistant cases were treated with the second dose of IVIG at 2 g/kg, among whom, 4 children still had fever and intravenous Methylprednisone was given.Two cases underwent enterostomy and abdominal puncture drainage.All the 16 children were followed up until 6 months after discharge, and 4 cases (25%) were complicated with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) during the acute stage or follow-up period.Conclusions:KD complicated with acute abdomen is more commonly manifested as cholecystitis and intestinal obstruction.Besides the classic symptoms of KD, abdominal pain and vomiting are the most common in KD with acute abdomen.Abdominal ultrasound, plain film and CT examinations are conductive to the early diagnosis of KD complicated with acute abdomen.In addition, the incidence of IVIG-resistance and CAA is relatively high in children with KD complicated with acute abdomen.

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, as a novel cellular immunotherapy, has dramatically reshaped the landscape of cancer treatment, especially in hematological malignancies. However, relapse is still one of the most troublesome obstacles to achieving broad clinical application. The intrinsic factors and superior adaptability of tumor cells mark a fundamental aspect of relapse. The unique biological function of CAR-T cells governed by their special CAR construction also affects treatment efficacy. Moreover, complex cross-interactions among CAR-T cells, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence clinical outcomes concerning CAR-T cell function and persistence. Therefore, in this review, based on the most recent discoveries, we focus on the challenges of relapse after CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies from the perspective of tumor cells, CAR-T cells, and the TME. We also discuss the corresponding basic and clinical approaches that may overcome the problem in the future. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding for scientists and physicians that will help improve research and clinical practice.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy* ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tumor Microenvironment

The combination of the immunotherapy (i.e., the use of monoclonal antibodies) and the conventional chemotherapy increases the long-term survival of patients with lymphoma. However, for patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant lymphoma, a novel treatment approach is urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells were introduced as a treatment for these patients. Based on recent clinical data, approximately 50% of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma achieved complete remission after receiving the CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Moreover, clinical data revealed that some patients remained in remission for more than two years after the CAR-T cell therapy. Other than the CD19-targeted CAR-T, the novel target antigens, such as CD20, CD22, CD30, and CD37, which were greatly expressed on lymphoma cells, were studied under preclinical and clinical evaluations for use in the treatment of lymphoma. Nonetheless, the CAR-T therapy was usually associated with potentially lethal adverse effects, such as the cytokine release syndrome and the neurotoxicity. Therefore, optimizing the structure of CAR, creating new drugs, and combining CAR-T cell therapy with stem cell transplantation are potential solutions to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the toxicity in patients with lymphoma after the CAR-T cell therapy.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphoma/therapy* ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen

Despite the advancement of treatments, adults with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have poor prognosis, with an expected five-year overall survival (OS) rate of 10%‒20% (Nguyen et al., 2008; Oriol et al., 2010). Extramedullary relapse of B-ALL is regarded as a high-risk factor generally associated with poor survival, occurring in about 15% to 20% of all relapsed patients (Ding et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018). The central nervous system (CNS) and the testes are the most common sites of extramedullary relapse of B-ALL. In addition, extramedullary leukemia can appear in the skin, eyes, breasts, bones, muscles, and abdominal organs. The prognosis of relapsed extramedullary B-ALL after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is extremely poor (Spyridonidis et al., 2012; Dahlberg et al., 2019). Conventional chemotherapy or radiation is often ineffective in such patients. At present, there are no optimal treatment strategies for treating extramedullary leukemia after allo-HSCT.
Adult ; Antigens, CD19 ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy* ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Recurrence