ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of application of metoprolol and nifedipine in the treatment of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia for the elderly.Methods56 cases of elderly patients with silent myocardial ischemia were chosen.They were randomly divideded into the metoprolol group of 28 cases and nifedipine group with 28 cases according to the number table.The incidence of complications during treatment in the metoprolol and nifedipine group were analyzed.The seizure frequency and onset time in the two groups of patients were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe onset time in the two groups,before treatment had no statistically significant difference[the number of attacks:(19.6±3.2) times/week compared with(18.9±2.8) times/week;attack time:(5131±352)s vs (5130 ± 348 ) s,all ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After treatment,there were statistically significant differences for the number of attacks and attack time [the number of attacks:(4.6 ± 2.1 ) times/week compared with ( 7.4 ± 2.1 )times/week,onset tine:(900 ± 140) s vs ( 1440 ± 240 ) s ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).All patients can tolerate the treatment period,there was no cases of myocardial infarction occurs.ConclusionThe metoprolol and nifedipine for the elderly treatment of silent myocardial ischemia was more secure,and metoprolol was more effective than nifedipine.

OBJECTIVE： To prepare β-sitosterol （shorted fo r “Sit”） and its deri vatives from the fruit of Sorbus pohuashanensis，and to investigte their antidepressant activities. METHODS ：Using the fruit of S. pohuashanensis as raw material ， extracted with 75％ ethanol and 20％KOH solution ，Sit was obtained after extraction and crystallization. C 3 hydroxyl group of Sit was used as the structural modification site ，CH2Cl2 was used as the reaction solvent ，DMAP was used as catalyst ，EDCI was used as dehydrating agent ，4 kinds of organic acids （salicylic acid ，2-tetrahydrofuranic acid ，phenylalanine，sorbic acid ）were added to make the carboxylation reaction to produce ester derivatives Sit-S ，Sit-T，Sit-P and Sit-Sr. The chemical structure of its derivatives were elucidated by IR and NMR. The tail suspension test and the forced swimming model were used to preliminarily explore the antidepressant active components of Sit and 4 kinds of derivatives ；tail suspension test and the spontaneous exercise capacity test were used to screen effective dose of the compounds with antidepressant active. The compound was used alone or in combination with agomelatin [ 40 mg/kg，5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT）and 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist] ，haloperidol [ 0.2 mg/kg，non-selective D2 receptor antagonist] and bicuculline [ 4 mg/kg，competitive γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）antagonist]，respectively. Sixty minutes after intraperitoneal injection ，tail suspension test was performed. The levels of 5-HT，dopamine（DA）and GABA in brain tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. The blank control group was given intraperitoneal injection of 10％ propylene glycol solution. RESULTS：By spectrum technology ，the corresponding ester compounds were synthesized by the reaction of Sit with four kinds of organic acids. Among Sit and its four derivatives ，the immobility time of Sit-S group was the shortest in tail suspension test and forced swimming test ，which was significantly shorter than that of blank control group （P＜0.05）. Screening results of Sit-S showed that the effective antidepressant dose was 4 mg/kg， ＊ and it did not affect the spontaneous activity of mice compared with the blank control group （P＞0.05）. With this dose ，Sit-S could significantly shorten the immobility time of mice in tail hua1666@163.com suspension test （P＜0.01），and can s ignificantly increase the ·64levels of 5-HT，DA and GABA in the brain tissue of mice （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），but its effect can be reversed by agomelatine ， haloperidol and bicuculline to different extent. CONCLUSIONS ：Sit salicylate derivatives Sit-S exhibits good antidepressant activity，and its mechanism of action may be mediated by increasing the levels of 5-HT，DA and GABA.

There are many return-to-work measurement instruments, including return-to-work ability, return-to-work self-efficacy, readiness for return-to-work and obstacles to return-to-work. This paper reviewed the return-to-work measurement instruments, content, evaluation method, targeting group, reliability and validity of measurements, and summarized its advantages and disadvantages. It could provide reference for construction of vocational rehabilitation programs and improvement of evaluation of the effect.