Diabetic nephropathy ( DN) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes and it is the main reason leading to end-stage renal disease.Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic susceptibility is one of the important factors in the development of DN . Regions coded by exon 4 of apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) gene involved in lipid metabolism , which is considered to be a candidate susceptible gene for diabetic nephropathy .Articles on the relationship of APOE and diabetic nephropathy including case-control study , prospective follow-up study and meta-analysis are reviewed , and the conclusion suggests that APOE E2 allele may be one of the genetic risk factors for DN , and APOE E4 allele may be a protective factor.APOE may play its role in the development of DN through the participation in the lipid metabolism, regulation of cell growth factor activity in extracellular matrix and regulating gene expression in kidney protection and other aspects .However, the detailed mechanism of APOE polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy is unclear and needs further research .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum ferritin levels and disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with SLE and 65 healthy volunteers were involved.Serum ferritin,C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (dsDNA) were measured in two groups.The activity of SLE was evaluated by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score.The data were recorded and analyzed.SPSS 19.0.statistical software was used in statistical analysis.Analysis of variance was employed in comparison between groups using,t test was used in further pairwise comparisons,Pearson correlation test was adopted to evaluate the correlation between two groups.Results The level of serum ferritin in patients with SLE group was significantly higher than that of control group (505.4 ±408.9) ng/ml and (72.4 ±42.8) ng/ml,respectively,t =6.67,P ＜0.01.57.5％ (84/146) patients with SLE had elevated serum ferritin.Patients with high SLEDAI scores had significantly higher ferritin concentrations than other patients (807.6 ± 412.3) ng/ml and (96.0 ± 44.7) ng/ml,t =6.56,P ＜0.01.The levels of serum ferritin in SLE patients were positively correlated with SLEDAI score and serum CRP (r =0.396,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.351,P ＜ 0.01),and it was not related with ESR or dsDNA (r =0.111,P=0.09;r =0.078,P =0.23).Conclusion The level of serum ferritin could reflect the disease activity of patients with SLE,and it might be used as a new biomarker for disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To evaluate the serum concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in hyperuricemia patients and possible correlations of the two factors and uric acid (UA) in hyperuricemia (HUA) patients.Methods This was a case control study.We involved 90 hyperuricemia patients,103 healthy controls.Estradiol,testosterone,UA,serum glucose,lipid profile,creatinine and body mass index (BMI) were estimated in two groups.The statistical analysis of the data were performed using SPSS version 19.0 software.The estradiol,testosterone,UA,serum glucose,lipid profile,serum creatinine and BMI levels between the two groups were compared using the Student's t-test.Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between serum UA levels and these indexes.Results Serum levels of estradiol in healthy subjects and hyperuricemia patients were 82.2 (55.6-108.8) pmol/L,65.8 (36.6-95.0) pmol/L respectively ;the serum levels of UA were 300.8(207.2-394.4) μmol/L,426.9(370.1-483.7) μmol/L,respectively.The levels of estradiol were higher in the healthy control group than those in the hyperuricemia group.There were significant differences of estradiol levels between these two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Estradiol was negatively correlated with UA (r =-0.319,P ＜ 0.01),so was testosterone (r =-0.312,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that in hyperuricemia patients,there are associations between estradiol and UA and the levels of serum estradiol might be used as biomarkers in hyperuricemia.

Objeetive To evaluate the serum concentration of sialic acid (SA) and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in prehypertension patients and possible correlation of the two factors and blood pressure in prehypertension patients.Methods 61 prehypertension patients,70 hypertension patients and 50 healthy controls were included.Lipid profile,hs-CRP,SA,and body mass index (BMI) were estimated in all the groups.Associations between SA and hs-CRP and blood pressure were analyzed by multiple linear regressions.Results The levels of SA and hs-CRP were higher in the prehypertension group than those in the normal group and lower than those in the hypertension group(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic pressure (DBP),BMI and HDL among the three groups(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference between the prehypertension group and the hypertension group in LDL,TC and FBG.Multiple linear regression showed that FBG,BMI,SA and hs-CRP were correlated with SBP independently while LDL,BMI,SA and hs-CRP were correlated with DBP independently (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that,there is an association between blood pressure and the levels of serum SA and hs-CRP which might be used as screening biomarkers in prehypertension.

The pre-treatment serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125),cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1),squamous carcinoma associated antigen (SCC-Ag),and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) were measured in 111 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer.And 103 benign lung disease cases and 97 healthy volunteers were also studied as controls.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the serum contents of SCC-Ag and TPA.The levels of CA125 and CYFRA21-1 were measured by electrochemical luminescence.The serum level of CYFRA21-1,SCC,TPA and CA125 in cancer patients were significantly higher than those of normal control and benign disease groups (P ＜ 0.01).The combined detection of tumor markers could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity.And the levels of tumor markers were also correlated with the clinical stages and differentiation degrees.

Objective To investigate the effect of gastrointestinal environment on fecal occult blood test.Methods Mixed peripheral venous blood (45 ml) of 25 healthy volunteers from medical examination center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital in 2015 were collected to establish an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model.The model was used to study the effects of different digestion time and concentration of digestive juice on the immunochemical fecal occult blood test using two kinds of occult blood detection reagents.Results When the amount of bleeding was over 5 ml,fecal occult blood test still showed positive after artificial stomach liquid digestion for 2 hours and artificial intestinal liquid digestion for 5 hours.The fecal occult blood test turned negative after artificial stomach liquid digestion for 0.5-3 hours and artificial intestinal liquid digestion for 3 hours.The positive rate of fecal occult blood test was closely related to the amount of bleeding.When the amount of bleeding was large and bleeding was acute,false negative could be caused by postzone phenomenon.The upper detection limit of two reagents was more than 3 165 ng/L,and the lower detection limit was0.2 ng/L.Conclusions Higher positive rate was detected not only in lower digestive tract bleeding but also in upper gastrointestinal bleeding with immunoassay method.Immunochemical fecal occult blood reagent had a wide detection range and could meet the clinical requirements for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objective To investigate the patients′cell morphology characteristics in peripheral blood and bone marrow with the reduce of leukocyte,hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood,and analyze the common cause.Methods From June 2005 to Feb-ruary 2011,222 patients with pancytopenia treated in the hospital were enrolled in the study,whose peripheral blood and bone mar-row smears were stained by Wright,combined with histochemical staining and the clinical data of patients,the disease types were analyzed.Results In the 222 patients with pancytopenia,patients with hematopoietic system disease accounted for 84.65% (188/222),non-hematopoietic system disease accounted for 15.35%(34/222),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 ).In 150 patients whose peripheral blood smears were obseved,58% patients obtained positive results.Conclusion The diseases of hem-atopoietic system are the common cause of pancytopenia,but can not ignore the non-hematopoietic system diseases.Peripheral blood smear has a high value in the diagnosis of these diseases.

Objective To study the correlation between serum homocysteine ( Hcy ) level and C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene C677T polymorphism ( rs1801133) in patients with cerebral infarction, and feature of rs1801133 polymorphism and serum Hcy level in cerebral infarction patients with or without diabetes mellitus.Methods Case-control study.Five hundred and fifty six patients with cerebral infarction admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were included as the case group while 275 subjects from medical examination center without cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus matched with the case group.MTHFR C677T polymorphism was determined by pyrosequencing and serum Hcy was determined by circulating enzymatic.Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of genotype in different group; ANVOA was used to analyze the Hcy level with different genotype in patients with cerebral infarction, and LSD-t was used to pairwise comparison.Results Among the 556 patients with cerebral infarction ,TT genotype were 202 cases (36.33%), CT genotype were 257 cases(46.22%), CC genotype were 97 cases(17.45%).The T allele 44%, higher than the control group T allele frequencies 46.91%(χ2 =23.385,P<0.001).The level of TT genotype serum Hcy level (21.31 ±17.31) μmol/L were higher than CT genotype (14.88 ±7.71) μmol/L(P<0.001)and CC genotype(14.48 ±7.78) μmol/L(P<0.001).There is no significant statistics different in TT genotype frequency between Cerebral infarction patients with diabetes mellitus(36.77%) and without diabetes mellitus(36.44%) (χ2 =0.031,P>0.05), while the level of serum Hcy in Cerebral infarction patients with diabetes mellitus ( 18.16 ±12.90 )μmol/L is lower than Cerebral infarction patients without diabetes mellitus(23.47 ±19.53) μmol/L in TT genotype( F=4.652, P<0.05).Conclusions MTHFR TT genotype was related to serum hyperhomocysteine, and maybe save as the risk of cerebral infarction.The Hcy level in TT genotype cerebral infarction patients with DM is lower than the same genotype patients without DM.(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39:205-209 )

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of human epididymis secretory protein (HE4) versus CA125 for endometrial cancer.Methods Serum HE4 and CA125 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI) in 35 patients with endometrial cancer,48 patients with benign endometrial disorders and 40 healthy controls.The best cutoff value,sensitivity and specificity were calculated with pathological results as golden standard.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted,and areaunderthecurve (ROC-AUC) was used to compare diagnostic value of HE4 and CA125.Results The median value in HE4 in endometrial cancer were 51.46 pmol/L,which was significantly higher than in the healthy and benign disorder controls (25.65 pmol/L and 27.92 pmol/L).However,CA125 levels did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 groups.The ROC-AUC of HE4 for discriminating endometrial cancer between healthy controls and benign disorder controls were 0.922 and 0.759,respectively,which showed higher diagnostic value than CA125 (ROC-AUC of 0.590 and 0.457,respectively).HE4 had a specificity/sensitivity of 87.5％ /86.1％ for distinguishing healthy controls from endometrial cancer,and 95.5％ /50％ for differential diagnosis with benign disorders.Conclusions Measurement of HE4 can be used as a tumor marker for diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Advanced lipid testing is an extension of traditional standard blood lipid testing. These biomarkers have has been widely used in the risk assessment and differential diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), especially for people with unclear diagnosis and other metabolic risk factors. However, the differences in the measurement results and traceability issues limit the widespread use of these biomarkers. This article aims to introduce and discuss the current status of clinical application of advanced lipid testing in risk assessment of ASCVD, the progress of detection technology and detection standardization in the field.