40 pairs of lower limbs of adult cadavers were dissected, vasa circumflexa femoris lateralis were measured and observation was made on their anatomical relation to musculus rectus femoris and musculus tensor fasciae latae. The important points of the surgical anatomy were described.In most cases the arteria circumflexa femoris lateralis were found to arise from arteria femoris profunda (89.7%). The average length of the arterial trunks was 16 mm and the diameter at their bases was 5.5 mm. The branching of this artery may be divided into three types: ascending-descending type (77.5%), ascending-transversedescending type and transverse-descending type.The average length of the ascending branches was 87 mm and the diameter at their bases was 3.5 mm. This branch was accompanied by one or two veins. The ascending branch may be utilized together with M. tensor fascia latae flap for grafting. The distal end of the vessel could be freely brought to the head and neck of the femur, thus rendering a possibility of utilizing it for the treatment of ischemic necrosis and non-union due to fracture of the neck of the femur.The average length of the descending branches was 200 mm and with a diameter of 3.5 mm, the veins that accompanied them were slightly larger in diametes. At the area in front of the femur, the descending branch could be used both as receptor as well as donor for transplantation. As a donor, the distal end of the descending branch could be transferred to the shaft or lower portion of the femur for the treatment of non-union fracture.There were two neuro-vascular bundles in M. rectus femoris. One of which was not suitable for vascular anastomosis due to its shortness and small caliber, the other one was the main neuro-vascular bundle of M. rectus femoris.The artery pedicle that supplied the M. tensor fascia latae averaged 50 mm in length and 3.0 mm in diameter and was accompanied with one or two larger veins. M. tensor fascia latae may provide a relatively large dermo-vascular flap, its distal part and ilio-tibial tract could also be sutured to the superior margin of the patella to re-enforce the tracting strength and to correct the pulling direction of the patella, and the extension function of the knee joint would be reasonably restored.

For the purpose of offering data for reference to surgical replacement of the esophagus, the vessels of the small intestine, the internal thoracic and the superiot thyroid arteries of 50 adult cadavers were dissected and their lengths and diameters were measured.1. There were an average of 5.4 arteries supplying the small intestine, their diameters ranged from 1.5 to 10.0mm and more than 50％ of them exceeded 3.0mm. The average length from the 1st to 6 th intestinal arteries ranged between 23.5 to 45.5mm and more than 50％ of them exceeded 30.0mm. The 3rd intestinal artery was the longest (averaged 45.5mm) with larger lumen, an ideal one for anastomosis.22％ of the arteries appeared as short trunks, at least one or two of their branches was suitable in length and size for utilization during operation.The average grading of tile arterial arches of the small intestine was 2.7 grades. The lumens of the arterial arches of the 1st and 2 nd grades were larger than those of the 3 rd grade and the rest, the jority of the latter were smaller than 0.9 mm in diameter. Therefor, the preservation of the 2 nd grade arterial arch will be important during the dissection of the small intestine.2. The average total length of the jejunum and ileum was 530.6 cm (ranged from 328.0 to 765.0cm). The segments of the small intestine supplied by individual intestinal arteries increased its length gradually from the 1st to the 8 th. The preservation of the arterial arches of a calibre 1.0 mm in diameter with their collateral circulation intact is of great importance at the upper part of the jejunum. The proportion of the lengths of straightened mesentery to that of the straightened,, intestinal loop was 1:2.6.3. The number of the intestinal veins averaged 2.9 branches which was less than that of the arteries. The approximate ratio o7 the numbers of veins to arteries was 1 to 2, and usually the 1st branch of the vein accompanied the artery.4. The average diameter of the superior thyroid arteries before branching measured 3.1 mm on e left and 2.8 mm on the right, and was an ideal one for anastomosis with the artery of the small intestinal loop.5. The average diameter of the internal thoracic vessels at the 2nd and 3rd intercostal space ranged from 2.6 to 2.8 mm in areteries and 2.4 to 3.1 mm in veins. The diameter of the arteries were approximately the same as that of the small intestine, but the veins appeared much smaller. Therefore the internal thoracic arteries are of choice for anastomosis with the small intestinal arteries during operation when an isolated small intestinal loop replaces the esophagus; but as to veins, external jugular or anterior jugular are more suitable.

In addition to the three existing types of skin flaps, supplied by the cutaneous, the myocutaneous and the arterio-reticular vessels, a new type of free skin flap pedicled by the vessels of intermuscular septum was designed. The intermuscular septal arteries are easy to dissect and have relatively longer pedicles. The skin flaps taken from the limbs supplied by these arteries are suitable for grafting in their natural location.The intermuscular septal arteries of the arms and the thighs were studied and measured on 70 adult cadavers and 9 corrosion preparations. The arteries studied were: the superior ulnar collateral arteries, the intermuscular branches of the perforating arteries and the saphenous branches of the highest genicular arteries. The skin flaps supplied by these arteries were studied with regard to their application in surgery and these vessels were believed to be convenient for the microvascular anastomosis during grafting.The practical value of the skin flaps taken from the medial and lateral sides of the arm, the lateral side of the thigh and the medial side of the leg were discussed.