Respiratory virus remains to be an important pathogen of respiratory disease in children.The disease can occur in all age groups, especially in young children.Most viral infections have a good prognosis, but special viruses still cause great harm to the health of children.Respiratory viral therapy includes symptomatic therapy, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, drugs that directly target the viral replication cycle, drugs that attenuate the inflammatory response, and anti-viral nanodrugs.New antiviral drugs are urgently needed to develop.The repurposing of the existing therapeutic agents previously designed for other virus infections is also an effective way.The treatment of respiratory virus infection has become an important topic in clinical research.

Objective To find out the occurrence patterns of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments through surveys and analyses so as to provide basis for the scientific prevention of such occurrences.Methods A statistical analysis was made of the causes of 92 medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments that occurred in the past three years,the data were processed using self-made tables,and the occurrence rates of the disputes were calculated according to their causes.Results The disputes over prosthodontic treatments in the past three years accounted for 22% of the total number of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments.The cause leading to the most disputes involved medical quality,followed successively by service management,service manners,personal factors on the part of the patients,and charges.Conclusion There are certain patterns for the occurrence of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments,which can be avoided to some extent if appropriate preventive measures are taken.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide,a component of an aqueous extract of Astragalus Membranaceus roots,on differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Methods 30 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups,normal control group,100,200 mg/kg APS intraperitoneal injection groups. After one week,weight the mouse spleen,account the splenetic index. Collect the mouse bone marrow cell,induced and cultured with rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. With inverted microscope to investigate the morphous of DC cell. The phenotypes of DC were detected by flow cytometry and the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum was tested by ELISA. Results Astragalus polysaccharide injection had obvious effects on the spleen weight of mice. The degree of CD11c and MHC-Ⅱ expression in 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups on flow cytometry were advanced significantly compared with that in normal control group,but the degree of CD80 and CD86 was not increased. And the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum in 100 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were both not increased significantly compared with nomal control group. Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of astragalus polysaccharide could stimulate the proliferation of the pre DC in bone marrow. The angtigen presentation of DC might be enhanced,but this effects was not positive correlation with concentration of GM-CSF.

Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is de fi ned as the presence of two or more affected fi rst-degree relatives with non-medullary thyroid cancers without other known familial syndromes. FNMTC is one of the most inheritable forms of all cancers, with a high risk of a first-degree relative developing the disease. Compared with sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC), FNMTC presents at a younger age and is associated with a higher incidence of multifocal disease and metastasis. This in-creased aggressiveness has been hypothesized to translate into higher recurrence rates and decreased survival of patients with FNMTC. The genes involved in the pathogenesis of FNMTC are yet to be elucidated, although some recent studies identified several predisposi-tion loci with a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Since 2005, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been developing as rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective approaches to fulfill medical sciences and research demands. With the use of NGS, the un-derlying causative genes can be directly distinguished via systematic filtering, through which the identified gene variants are verified for novelty and functionality.

Objective:To study the antimicrobial effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base with silver-containing antimicrobial agents of nanometer level against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. Methods:Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the silver-containing antimicrobial agent against S. mutans and C. albicans was examined. According to the MIC, 4 concentrations(1,2,5 and 10 mg/ml) of the agent were selected for the preparation of antimicrobial PMMA resin base. Then, the antimicrobial effect of the resin base was examined by in vitro bacteria culture and the most probable number(MPN) counting. Results:The MICs of the agent against S. mutans and C. albicans were 0.1 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml respectively. With the agent at 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/ml, the inhibition ratios of the base against S.mutans were 67.4%,71.3%,99.0 and 99.5% respectively, that against C. albicans were 25.8%,54.8%,90.3% and 93.0%, respectively. Conclusion:The polymethylmethacrylate resin base with silver-containing antimicrobial agent of nanometer level at 5 mg/ml has ideal antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans.

Objective: To study the durability of the antimicrobial effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base containing silver-supported antimicrobial agents of nanometer level against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. Methods:The antimicrobial PMMA resin bases with the antimicrobial agent STR-1 at concentration of 5 mg/ml were prepared. Then the samples were divided into 4 groups: positive control group, the group immersed in distilled water at 57 ℃ for 14 days, the group irradiated by ultraviolet for 8 hours, and the group irradiated by ultraviolet for 8 hours after immersed in distilled water at 57 ℃ for 14 days. Then the inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro were tested. Results:The inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Streptococcus mutans were 99%, 96%, 98%, and 90% in turn. The inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Candida albicans were 91%, 82%, 90%, and 80% respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of PMMA denture base containing silver-supported antimicrobial agents STR-1 of nanometer level at concentration of 5 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro is durable.

Internal mammary lymph node irradiation (IMLNI) could reduce local recurrence and distant recurrence and improve survival.The NCCN Guidelines have updated the recommends in IMLNI.However, the relative toxicities of IMLNI to the heart and lungs should be carefully considered by clinicians, so individualized indications for IMLNI are needed.Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) could be an accurate technique to guide IMLNI with minimally invasive staging, and provide more survival benefits to patients.This article reviews the benefits of IMLNI, controls of the side effect, and discussion of IMLNI guided by IM-SLNB.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity and the clinical and pathologic features.MethodsDNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis were analyzed in 119 colorectal fresh cancer apecimens using flow Cytometry and prospectively compared with the CEA in serum,tumor size,tumor morphology,lymph node metastases,Dukes' Classfication,histologic type and grade in colorectal cancer.ResultsThere was no relation between serum CEA and DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity. Aneuploidy was detected at 56.5% in ulcerating carcinoma, which was significantly higher than 14.7% in bulge carcinoma (P<0.01). Aneuploidy was detected at 64.7% in middle and lower grade carcinoma, which was significantly higher than 36.5% of high grade carcinoma (P<0.01). No significant differences in aneuploidy were observed with respect to tumor size, lymph node metastases, Dukes' classfication,tumor histologic type.ConclusionsDNA aneuploidy of cancer cell can express the degree of malignancy of colorectal cancer. But proliferative activity does not relate to all the clinical and pathologic features. CEA in serum does not relate to DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of ETView visual endotracheal intubation in elderly patients with a potentially difficult airway under general anesthesia.Methods A total of 80 patients scheduled for elective surgery,with at least three characteristics indicative of an increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation and aged 65-86 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade [Ⅱ or Ⅲ,were selected and randomly assigned into 2 groups:the control group (Group C) and the ETView visual endotracheal intubation group (Group E) (n=40 for each).After induction with propofol 0.5-1.5 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg,and rocuronium 0.6mg/kg,regular tracheal intubation and ETView visual endotracheal intubation were conducted in Group C and Group E respectively.Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction (T0),before initial intubation (T1),at successful intubation (T2),and 5min after successful intubation (T3).Duration of catheterization,number of intubation attempts,rate of successful intubation at first attempt and complications within 2 days of intubation were also recorded.Results The duration of catheterization and the number of intubation attempts were lower in Group E than in Group C[(34±6) s vs.(48± 22) s,(1.0±0.0) vs.(1.4±0.4),t=2.484 and 2.373,respectively,P=0.017 and 0.023,respectively].The rate of successful intubation at first attempt was higher in Group E than in GroupC (100％ or 40 cases vs.75％ or 30 cases),x2=5.714,P=0.017).There was no significant difference in hemodynamic changes and the rate of postoperative hoarseness between the two groups (P＞0.05 for both).Conclusions ETView visual endotracheal intubation shows excellent safety in elderly patients with a difficult airway under general anesthesia,with shorter catheterization duration and a higher rate of successful intubation at first attempt than regular intubation.

AIM: To observe the effect of endoxin antagonist,anti-digoxin antiserum,on endoxin level,ATPase activities,intramitochondrial total calcium concentration and gene expression of sodium pump isoforms in myocardium of rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MIR).METHODS: Fifty-six male Sprauge Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups.Sham operation group: silk suture threading the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligature;MIR group: left anterior descending coronary artery was subjected to 30 min ligation followed by 45 min reperfusion;normal saline group: MIR model was given 5 mL/kg normal saline;verapamil group: MIR model was given 5 mg/kg verapamil;low dose antidigoxin antiserum group: MIR model was given 8.6 mg/kg antidigoxin antiserum;middle dose antidigoxin antiserum group: MIR model was given 17.3 mg/kg antidigoxin antiserum;high dose antidigoxin antiserum group: MIR model was given 34.5 mg/kg antidigoxin antiserum.All drugs were injected into vessel via femoral vein within 5 min before reperfusion,respectively.After reperfusion,left ventricle myocardium samples were processed immediately in order to measure the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase,endoxin level,intramitochondrial total calcium concentration and the experssion of ?1,?2,?3 and ?1 isoforms of sodium pump on mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blotting and immunohistochemical assay,respectively.RESULTS: After MIR,the level of endoxin in myocardium was obviously increased.The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in myocardial membrane were significantly decreased while intramitochondrial total calcium concentration increased.The gene expression of the ?1,?2,?3 and ?1 isoforms of sodium pump at both mRNA and protein levels were reduced markedly.Only the effect of verapamil on reducing intramitochondrial total calcium concentration was observed.Antidigoxin antiserum significantly reduced the level of endoxin in myocardium,restored the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase,reduced intramitochondrial total calcium concentration,and up-regulated the expression of ?1,?2,?3 and ?1 isoforms of sodium pump at both mRNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION: MIR results in increase of endoxin secretion.The latter depresses the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase by down-regulating the gene expression of ?1,?2,?3 and ?1 isoforms of sodium pump in myocardial membrane,and also induces intramitochondrial calcium overload,thereby mediates MIR injury.