Respiratory virus remains to be an important pathogen of respiratory disease in children.The disease can occur in all age groups, especially in young children.Most viral infections have a good prognosis, but special viruses still cause great harm to the health of children.Respiratory viral therapy includes symptomatic therapy, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, drugs that directly target the viral replication cycle, drugs that attenuate the inflammatory response, and anti-viral nanodrugs.New antiviral drugs are urgently needed to develop.The repurposing of the existing therapeutic agents previously designed for other virus infections is also an effective way.The treatment of respiratory virus infection has become an important topic in clinical research.

Objective:To study the antimicrobial effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base with silver-containing antimicrobial agents of nanometer level against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. Methods:Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the silver-containing antimicrobial agent against S. mutans and C. albicans was examined. According to the MIC, 4 concentrations(1,2,5 and 10 mg/ml) of the agent were selected for the preparation of antimicrobial PMMA resin base. Then, the antimicrobial effect of the resin base was examined by in vitro bacteria culture and the most probable number(MPN) counting. Results:The MICs of the agent against S. mutans and C. albicans were 0.1 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml respectively. With the agent at 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/ml, the inhibition ratios of the base against S.mutans were 67.4%,71.3%,99.0 and 99.5% respectively, that against C. albicans were 25.8%,54.8%,90.3% and 93.0%, respectively. Conclusion:The polymethylmethacrylate resin base with silver-containing antimicrobial agent of nanometer level at 5 mg/ml has ideal antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans.

Internal mammary lymph node irradiation (IMLNI) could reduce local recurrence and distant recurrence and improve survival.The NCCN Guidelines have updated the recommends in IMLNI.However, the relative toxicities of IMLNI to the heart and lungs should be carefully considered by clinicians, so individualized indications for IMLNI are needed.Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) could be an accurate technique to guide IMLNI with minimally invasive staging, and provide more survival benefits to patients.This article reviews the benefits of IMLNI, controls of the side effect, and discussion of IMLNI guided by IM-SLNB.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharide,a component of an aqueous extract of Astragalus Membranaceus roots,on differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Methods 30 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups,normal control group,100,200 mg/kg APS intraperitoneal injection groups. After one week,weight the mouse spleen,account the splenetic index. Collect the mouse bone marrow cell,induced and cultured with rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4. With inverted microscope to investigate the morphous of DC cell. The phenotypes of DC were detected by flow cytometry and the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum was tested by ELISA. Results Astragalus polysaccharide injection had obvious effects on the spleen weight of mice. The degree of CD11c and MHC-Ⅱ expression in 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups on flow cytometry were advanced significantly compared with that in normal control group,but the degree of CD80 and CD86 was not increased. And the expression of the GM-CSF protein in serum in 100 mg/kg group and 200 mg/kg group were both not increased significantly compared with nomal control group. Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of astragalus polysaccharide could stimulate the proliferation of the pre DC in bone marrow. The angtigen presentation of DC might be enhanced,but this effects was not positive correlation with concentration of GM-CSF.

Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is de fi ned as the presence of two or more affected fi rst-degree relatives with non-medullary thyroid cancers without other known familial syndromes. FNMTC is one of the most inheritable forms of all cancers, with a high risk of a first-degree relative developing the disease. Compared with sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC), FNMTC presents at a younger age and is associated with a higher incidence of multifocal disease and metastasis. This in-creased aggressiveness has been hypothesized to translate into higher recurrence rates and decreased survival of patients with FNMTC. The genes involved in the pathogenesis of FNMTC are yet to be elucidated, although some recent studies identified several predisposi-tion loci with a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Since 2005, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been developing as rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective approaches to fulfill medical sciences and research demands. With the use of NGS, the un-derlying causative genes can be directly distinguished via systematic filtering, through which the identified gene variants are verified for novelty and functionality.

Objective To find out the occurrence patterns of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments through surveys and analyses so as to provide basis for the scientific prevention of such occurrences.Methods A statistical analysis was made of the causes of 92 medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments that occurred in the past three years,the data were processed using self-made tables,and the occurrence rates of the disputes were calculated according to their causes.Results The disputes over prosthodontic treatments in the past three years accounted for 22% of the total number of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments.The cause leading to the most disputes involved medical quality,followed successively by service management,service manners,personal factors on the part of the patients,and charges.Conclusion There are certain patterns for the occurrence of medical disputes over prosthodontic treatments,which can be avoided to some extent if appropriate preventive measures are taken.

Objective: To study the durability of the antimicrobial effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base containing silver-supported antimicrobial agents of nanometer level against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro. Methods:The antimicrobial PMMA resin bases with the antimicrobial agent STR-1 at concentration of 5 mg/ml were prepared. Then the samples were divided into 4 groups: positive control group, the group immersed in distilled water at 57 ℃ for 14 days, the group irradiated by ultraviolet for 8 hours, and the group irradiated by ultraviolet for 8 hours after immersed in distilled water at 57 ℃ for 14 days. Then the inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro were tested. Results:The inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Streptococcus mutans were 99%, 96%, 98%, and 90% in turn. The inhibition ratios of the 4 groups against Candida albicans were 91%, 82%, 90%, and 80% respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect of PMMA denture base containing silver-supported antimicrobial agents STR-1 of nanometer level at concentration of 5 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro is durable.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity and the clinical and pathologic features.MethodsDNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis were analyzed in 119 colorectal fresh cancer apecimens using flow Cytometry and prospectively compared with the CEA in serum,tumor size,tumor morphology,lymph node metastases,Dukes' Classfication,histologic type and grade in colorectal cancer.ResultsThere was no relation between serum CEA and DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity. Aneuploidy was detected at 56.5% in ulcerating carcinoma, which was significantly higher than 14.7% in bulge carcinoma (P<0.01). Aneuploidy was detected at 64.7% in middle and lower grade carcinoma, which was significantly higher than 36.5% of high grade carcinoma (P<0.01). No significant differences in aneuploidy were observed with respect to tumor size, lymph node metastases, Dukes' classfication,tumor histologic type.ConclusionsDNA aneuploidy of cancer cell can express the degree of malignancy of colorectal cancer. But proliferative activity does not relate to all the clinical and pathologic features. CEA in serum does not relate to DNA aneuploidy and proliferative activity.

Objective: To evaluate the biocompatibility of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) denture base resin containing silver-supported antimicrobial agent STR-1 of nanometer level in vitro. Methods: According to the national standards for biological evaluation of dental materials, the cytotoxicity of denture base resin containing STR-1 at concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L was examined by molecular filtrating method, and the hemolysis of STR-1, denture base resin containing STR-1 at concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L was also surveyed. Results: The control denture base resin without containing STR-1 and the denture base resins containing STR-1 at concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L were not cytotoxic to L929 cells. Two hours and 24 hours after cell culturing, the filter membranes of the control and experimental groups were stained evenly with blue color. The staining intensity was not decreased and the fading areas were 0 mm~2 during the culturing. The cytotoxicity grades were 0. The hemolysis rates of the antimicrobial agent STR-1 and the denture base resins containing STR-1 at concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L were 1.7%, 3.5% and 3.7% respectively. They were less than the national guild standard 5% which represent no hemolysis. Conclusion: The PMMA denture base resins containing silver-supported antimicrobial agents STR-1 of nanometer level at concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L exhibit good biocompatibility.

To investigate the molecular mechanism by which Tanshinone IIA (TSN IIA) prevents left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we examined the expression of AT1R, TGF-beta1 and Smads gene in the hypertrophic myocardium of hypertensive rats with abdominal aorta constriction. LVH model was established by creating abdominal aorta constriction. Four weeks later, animals were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 animals in each. One group was used as model control, the other three groups were treated with TSN IIA (20 mg/kg), TSN IIA (10 mg/kg) and valsartan (10 mg/kg), respectively. Another 8 SD rats were subjected to sham surgery and served as blank control. After 8-week treatment, the caudal artery pressure of the animals was measured. The tissues of left ventricle were taken for the measurement of the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and pathological sectioning and HE-staining were used for determining the myocardial fiber dimension (MFD). The mRNA expression of AT1R, protein expression of TGF-beta1 and activity of Smad-2, 4, 7 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Our results showed that (1) the blood pressure of rats treated with TSN IIA, either at high or low dose, was significantly higher than those in the control and valsartan-treated group (P<0.01, P<0.05); (2) LVMI and MFD in TSN IIA and valsartan-treated rats were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) but significantly lower than those in the model control (P<0.01); (3) the high doses of TSN IIA and valsartan significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of AT1R and protein expression of TGF-beta1 and Smad-3 in the hypertrophic myocardium (P<0.01), and TGF-beta1 in valsartan-treated animals was more significantly lower than that in rats treated with TSN IIA; (4) the two doses of TSN IIA and valsartan significantly up-regulated the protein expression of Smad-7 in the hypertrophic myocardium (P<0.01), and Smad-7 in the animals treated with high-dose TSN IIA was significantly higher than that in rats treated with valsartan. It is concluded that inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy induced by TSN IIA independent of blood pressure. The underlying mechanism might be the down-regulated expression of AT1R mRNA and Smad-3, increased production of Smad-7, and blocking effect of TSN IIA on TGF beta1/Smads signal pathway in local myocardium.