Marketization has become the mainstream since the new public management emerges globally in second half of the 20th century. Some countries infuse private capital into medical institutions which used to be managed by the government originally, and cause the medical industry reforms to be market-oriented. Market-oriented reforms of medical institutions may have risks in the following aspects: the risk of uneven distribution of medical resources, the risk of market failure, the moral risk of government renting-seeking and corruption and the decay of social justice values. Measures of controlling these risks include deifning the function orientation of the government, completing the institution-building of healthcare system, improving primary medical system and strengthening social consciousness of hospitals.

Objective:To define the expression levels of MDM2 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)and its relationship with p53 protein expression and EB virus latent infection. Method :MDM2 gene expression atmRNA and protein levels,p53 protein and EB virus DNA were detected by nonradioactive in situ hybridization(ISH) ,immunohistochemistry(IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately in 46 cases of NPC tissuesand 12 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal epithelium (CINE). Result: Fourteen cases of NPCshowed MDM2 mRNA and protein overexpression, 38 cases were p53 protein positive,and 43 cases were EBV-DNA positive. Neither MDM2 nor p53 protein was expressed in any case of CINE. MDM2 expression was signifi-cantly related to p53 protein expression ( P ＜0. 05), but not to EB virus latent infection in NPC. Conclusion:MDM2 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC through interacting with p53 protein.

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of CSE1L gene sifted from the whole genome expression profiling in the aRNA from homogenous human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and non-NPC biopsy tissue samples using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR). METHODS CSE1L gene was sifted from the whole genome expression profiling from homogenous NPC and non-NPC biopsy tissue samples. RNA later RNA Stabilization Reagent was used to preserve the tissue samples harvested from the nasopharynx of NPC and non-NPC patients. The samples were microdissected to get the homogenous tissue cells and then the total RNA was isolated from them. The antisense RNA (aRNA) was amplified from the total RNA by “in vitro transcription” (IVT). CSE1L gene expression in the homogenous tumor cells of NPC and the pure epithelial pillar cells of normal nasopharyngeal tissue was investigated by sqRT-PCR. RESULTS The high quality total RNA could be harvested from the microdissected homogenous tissue cells, and then the sufficient aRNA was amplified from it. The expression of CSE1L gene was identified using these aRNA by sqRT-PCR. There were significantdifference between the average expression value of CSE1L in NPC tissue (1.740?1.105) and in non-NPC tissue (0.618?0.183; df=30, t=3.159, P=0.004). The expression of CSE1L gene in the whole expression profiling were 1.056?0.296 in NPC tissue and 0.465?0.835 in non-NPC tissue respectively (df=16, t=4.317, P=0.001) . CONCLUSION The whole genome expression profiling with sqRT-PCR could be used to sift the marker genes from biopsy tissue samples. CSE1L may be as a candidate oncogene in NPC.

This study was designed to prove simultaneously blocking both EGFR and COX-2-medi-ated pathways may be an efficient means of inhibiting cancer cell growth in NPC. Method: A combination of tarceva (EGFR-selectivetyrosine kinase inhibitors) with celecoxib(Cox-2 inhibitor) was studied on its effects on cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and protein expression in CNE-2 cell lines by cell growth assay, flow cy-tometric analysis assay and Western blotting. Result: ①The inhibition rate of cell growth was higher in the group treated with a combination of two agents than that the sum of rates of the two groups treated with only one agent (P<0.05). ②The combination of tarceva with celecoxib significantly induced G_1 arrest(P<0.05) ,but did not in-crease apoptosis rate(P>0.05). ③The group of combination showed less expressions of p-EGFR and COX-2 than any other group. Conclusion Simultaneously blocking EGFR and COX-2 mediated pathways would significantly in-hibit the growth of CNE-2 cell line, increase G_1 arrest and reduce the expression levels of p-EGFR and COX-2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of miRNA-324-3p and its target gene WNT2B in tissue specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) specimens. METHOD: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-324-3p and WNT2B mRNA, and Western blot was applied to assay the expression of WNT2B protein in 39 cases of NPC specimens and 21 cases of non-carcinoma epithelium. The relationship between their expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics and their correlation with clinical pathological parameters was analyzed. RESULT: The expression of miRNA-324-3p was significantly down-regulated decreased but WNT2B mRNA/protein increased obviously in NPC specimens (P < 0.01). A negative correlation between miRNA-324-3p and WNT2B was spotted (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these markers were closely correlated with T stage, clinic stage and cervical lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The loss of miRNA-324-3p and ectopic WNT2B might co-induce the initiation and progression of NPC.
Carcinoma ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To explore the nuclear emergency nursing rescue process, and ensure safety and effectiveness of implementation of nuclear emergency nursing rescue. Methods Based on the analysis of the existing national standards, and on the basis of literature review, the method of Delphi was used to collect 23 experts′suggestions, and to make a preliminary draft nuclear emergency nursing rescue process on site. Results The experts' enthusiasm was very high, and the degree of authority (Cr) coefficient was 0.91. A on-site rescue unit partition graph, and two rescue unit process that were preliminary sorting and decontamination, and an on-site rescue process had been drew up. Conclusions After two rounds of expert enquiry, the emergency nursing rescue process is reasonable. And the study could provide objective basis for the implementation of the nuclear emergency nursing rescue.

Objective To study the impact of different insulin levels on the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),through analysis of different glycometabolism condition among quinquagenarian population.Methods Subjects enrolled were Beijing habitants who received annual physical examination [ including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTI) ] in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2005-2007.According to the OGTT results,the subjects were divided into three groups,including normal glucose tolerance-non-hyperinsulinemia group (NGT-NHIns),IGT-hyperinsulinemia group (IGT-Hins) and IGT-non-hyperinsulinemia group (IGT-NHINS).The prognosis between the year 2009 and 2010 of the three groups was observed.Hyperinsulinemia was diagnosed with fasting serum insulin ≥ 15 mU/L and/or 2-hour serum insulin ≥ 80 mU/L after glucose loading.Results The rate of case number of conversion to T2DM in IGT-NHIns group (42/133) was higher than that in IGT-Hins group (24/154) or NGT-NHIns group (12/126).The HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) of individuals with IGT-NHIns was lower than that of IGT-Hins [ 0.96 (0.40,3.53 ) vs 2.04 (0.59,23.20),P ＜ 0.05 ],while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) was higher than that of IGT-Hins [ 7.48 (3.20,31.35 ) vs 3.28 ( 0.86,7.67 ),P ＜ 0.05 ].Modified β-cell function index ( MBCI ) and insulin secretion index (ISI) in IGT-NHIns was poorer than that of IGT-Hins respectively [ 2.57 (0.58,10.98) vs5.17(1.04,65.09); 7.66 (0.99,28.40) vs 17.56 (4.18,96.46),allPvalues ＜0.01].Conclusions The risk of IGT-NHIns progressing into T2DM is higher than that of IGT-Hins. For the prevention of T2DM,individuals with IGT-NHIns should be paid more attention than keeping an eye on IGT-Hins patients.Early control of risk factors could protect β cell function and prevent the progression to T2DM.

NB-Cl gene is a potential class IIa bacteriocin gene. To obtain its soluble expression, NB-C1 was fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and a recombinant expression vector plVEX 2.4d-GFP-NB-C1 was constructed, which was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS. The expressed fusion protein GFP-NB-CI was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and the bioactivity was examined using Listeria monocytogenes as the indicator bacteria. The results showed that the expressed fusion protein GFP-NB-C1 was soluble and the final concentration of the purified fusion protein was 36.1 mg/L E. coli culture and had the purity above 95%. The antimicrobial assay of GFP-NB-C1 was analyzed and showed its high activity against Listeria monocytogenes.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacteriocins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Listeria monocytogenes ; drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To study the killing effect of suicide gene CDglyTK combined with GCV or 5-FC on the human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line in vitro. METHOD: Constructed plasmid pcDNA3.1 (-) CMV. CDglyTK was verified by enzyme digestion of Xho I /Hind III and automatic sequence analysis, then it was introduced into Hep-2 cells by electroporation to yield cells expressing CDglyTK stably after selecting with G418(400 ng/L) for 14 da. The expression of CDglyTK mRNA in transfected Hep-2 cells was tested by RT-PCR. Compared with Hep-2 cells transferred with pcDNA3.1(-), in vitro chemosensitivity of CDglyTK-expressing Hep-2 cells to 5-FC, GCV or 5-FC + GCV was detected by MTT assay. RESULT: The recombinant plasmid contained full-length coding region sequence of CD and TK gene. A anticipated 707 bp fragment was amplified from total RNA of CDglyTK-expressing Hep-2 cells by RT-PCR and a fusion protein of 59 000 was detected in cell extract from transfected Hep-2 cells. In vitro study growth of CDglyTK-positive Hep-2 cells were inhibited by 5-FC, GCV or 5-FC + GCV respectively, and the antitumour effect of 5-FC + GCV is superior to 5-FC or GCV. CONCLUSION CDglyTK may be a candidate for treating human laryngeal cancer.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytosine Deaminase ; genetics ; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to prove simultaneously blocking both EGFR and COX-2-mediated pathways may be an efficient means of inhibiting cancer cell growth in NPC. METHOD: A combination of tarceva (EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors) with celecoxib (Cox-2 inhibitor) was studied on its effects on cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and protein expression in CNE-2 cell lines by cell growth assay, flow cytometric analysis assay and Western blotting. RESULT: (1) The inhibition rate of cell growth was higher in the group treated with a combination of two agents than that the sum of rates of the two groups treated with only one agent (P < 0.05). (2) The combination of tarceva with celecoxib significantly induced G1 arrest (P < 0.05), but did not increase apoptosis rate (P > 0.05). (3) The group of combination showed less expressions of p-EGFR and COX-2 than any other group. CONCLUSION Simultaneously blocking EGFR and COX-2 mediated pathways would significantly inhibit the growth of CNE-2 cell line, increase G1 arrest and reduce the expression levels of p-EGFR and COX-2.
Apoptosis ; Celecoxib ; Cell Division ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; ErbB Receptors ; metabolism ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured