For adapting the demands of modern society to medical talents,we applied problem-based learning pattern to urology practice teaching.By breaking the limits of subjects,we enable students to acquire more knowledge of science and problem-solving skills and self-learning skills in the limited time available.The role of teacher shifts from imparting knowledge to leaders.

Objective To investigate the most suitable anaesthesia method for the tension-free herniorrhaphy.Methods A total of 422 unilateral inguinal hernia cases from 2002 to 2005 were collected and randomly divided into the local anaesthesia group and epidural anaesthesia group. Observation indices and some relative data, such as operative duration, date of ambulation, date of foodintake, length of hospital stay, operation-correlated complications, anaesthesia complications, usage rate of ancillary drug, satisfactory rate for anesthesia, cost of hospitalization, were included and recorded in the questionnaire, and all the patients who took the tension-free herniorrhaphy were asked to answer it as the follow-up research. Results It was found that the occurrence of postoperative anaesthetic complications, the cost of hospitalization, length of stay of local anaesthesia group were significantly less than those of epidural anaesthesia group, and the date of moving and the date of foodintake were also significantly earlier than those of the other group (P0.05). Conclusion The local anaesthesia is suitable for most of the tension-free herniorrhaphy, and it may be used as the conventional anaesthetic method.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of Silk Fibroin Hydrolytes/Traditional Chinese Medicine Complex on prevention of alcohol-induced liver injury in mice.Methods Establish acute alcoholism liver injury models using alcohol(50 %).Experimental mice were randomly divided into five groups:control group,model group,small dose level group,middle dose level group and high dose level group.Control group and model group were given distilled water BW/d 20ml/kg,and the three sample groups were given different level of Silk Fibroin Hydrolytes/Traditional Chinese Medicine Complex for 30 days continuously.Results Content of MDA,GSH and TG in mice livers have significant difference in the middle and high dose level groups compared with model group(P

Objective To evaluate a combination therapy for huge tumors in the buttocks.Methods A total of 11 patients from our hospital were collected,among them 5 cases were of hemangioma,4 cases of neurofibroma,2 cases of soft tissue sarcoma.Before definite surgical resection all cases received tumor embolization with silk thread and gelatin-sponge article using Seldinger's technic.Subsequently,all patients underwent a successful tumor resection. Results Superselective embolization for all the cases'feeding arteries resulted in recession of the tumors and relatively well-demarcated margins,and all the lumps became softer.and the local pain was alleviated.Surgical resection could be radical with avoidance of fatal intraoperative hemorrhage.The 5 cases of hemangioma had a average operative bleeding of 450 ml,4 cases of neurofibroma had 420 ml,2 cases of soft tissue sarcoma had 150 ml.No patients needed intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion.The operation time was about 2-3 hours,the normal tissues were preserved and the contour and function of the diseased limbs were very good.One case had a delayed incision healing,and the others had a healing by the first intention.There was no recurrence and other complications (like deep venous thrombosis)during a follow-up period of 4-8 months. Conclusions Surgical resection combined with interventional embolism for the treatment of huge tumors in the buttocks can reduce the risk of bleeding effectively during operation.It can improve the success rate of operation leading to satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the changes of pathogens distribution and antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) in 10 years. Methods The results of urine culture and drug sensitivity in children with UTI from January 2001 to December 2003, and from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results In recent 10 years, there was no obvious change in the ratio of gram-negative bacteria to gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was still the main bacteria causing UTI in children. The detection rate of enterococcus was signiifcantly increased from 18.3%in 2011-2013 to 7.5%in 2001-2003 (P<0.05) and it had become the second pathogenic bacteria. The isolation rate of ESBLs producing strains was signiifcantly higher in 2011-2013 than in 2001-2003 (P<0.05). The rate of Escherichia coli sensitive to imipenem re-mained at 100%and it is also sensitive to enzyme inhibitors antibiotics and nitrofuranto. Sensitivities to antibiotics were changed in different species of enterococcus. Conclusions The distribution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in children with UTI are constantly changing. The clinician should pay close attention to changes of epidemiology in the region and hospital and rational use of antimicrobial drugs.

Objective To analyse the radiological features and the diagnostic method of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP).Methods X-ray and CT manifestations of PAP in 37 cases confirmed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were studied retrospectively.Results The radiologic features of PAP could be characterized as geographic,the “crazy-paving” pattern,lobar or segmental consolidation(air-brochogram sign)and like intersititial fibrosis.The radiologic manifestations were stable and more serious than the symptoms.Conclusion PAP is of typical radiologic feature,it is not difficult for diagnosis in combination with clinical characteristics.

Based on the characteristic of nucleotide distribution in nucleosome positioning and inhibiting sequences, the method of Increment of Diversity with Quadratic Discriminant (IDQD) was applied to the classification of these two types of sequences. The mean area under ROC curve archives 0.958. By using this model, the nucleosome formation potential was analyzed in the regions around the splice sites (GT/AG). The results show that coding regions have a high potential to form the nucleosome and the primary RNA transcripts are rigid, while DNA sequences corresponding to the splice sites and their adjacent intron regions tend to be nucleosome free and the primary transcripts from these regions are relative flexible. Moreover, the negative correlation between nucleosome positioning/inhibiting of DNA sequences and RNA flexibility/rigidity is demonstrated around the splice sites, providing a mechanism for understanding the correlation between the nucleosome positioning of DNA and the splicing of transcribed RNA sequences.

PurposeTo investigate the correlation between iodine concentration and clinical severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) through the quantitative evaluation with dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT), so as to find out an effective imaging technology in the evaluation of clinical severity of AP.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with AP confirmed clinically (AP group) and 30 patients with normal pancreas (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent enhanced CT scan in the spectral imaging mode. Iodine concentration and normalized iodine concentration (NIC) were respectively measured during arterial phase and portal phase in the material-decomposition images by using a spectral imaging viewer (GSI Viewer). Results Iodine concentration and NIC were significantly higher in the control group than in the AP group (P<0.05,P<0.001). In the AP group, according to Ranson grading, 24 patients were in the mild grade, 20 patients were moderate, and 16 patients were severe. Iodine concentration and NIC decreased along with the increase of their Ranson grade. There were significant difference in iodine concentration and NIC among the three subgroups (iodine concentration on arterial phase:F=8.776,P<0.01; iodine concentration on portal phase:F=4.019,P<0.05; NIC on arterial phase:F=12.700,P<0.001; NIC on portal phase:F=8.732,P<0.01). Iodine concentration and NIC on arterial and portal phases in the mild grade group were both significantly higher than those in the moderate grade group (P<0.05); however, iodine concentration on arterial and portal phases, and NIC on arterial phase in the severe grade group were significantly lower than those in the moderate grade group (P<0.05).Conclusion DESCT can analyze hemodynamic changes in AP quantitatively, which is of great value in evaluating changes in AP of each grade.

Objective To investigate the variation of immune index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation and to clarify the relationship with pathogenesis and prognosis. Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to test lymphocyte subsets, C3, C4, CH50, autoantibodies and immunoglobulin for 18 cases of SLE before and after transplantation. Results The results showed that the ratio of all the T cell subsets reduced obviously in early postgraft and recovered gradually in 1 to 3 months after transplantation except CD45 RO+CD+4 cells. The levels of serum C3, C4, CH50 increased significantly after transplantation. No case relapsed within one year after transplantation, but 2 patients relapsed one year after transplantation. The levels of the indexes in the patients with relapse were significantly lower than those in the patients with persistent remission, including C4 in the entire course, CH50 in the 3rd and 12th month after transplantation and CD45 RA+ CD+8 cells in the 6th month after transplantation. However, the ratio of CD45 RO+ CD+4 cells in the first month after transplantation in the patients with relapse was higher than that in the patients with persistent remission. Conclusion Autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation is effective for treating SLE. Survey of immune indexes before and after transplantation is important to investigate the pathogenesis of SLE. Moreover, these immune indexes can be used to predict therapeutic efficacy of SLE.