Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal black adenoma . Methods From June 2002 to July 2014, 7 patients with adrenal tumors were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy in our hospital .During the operation all the patients were placed in healthy lateral decubitus position .Three trocars were introduced into the lumbar region:below the 12th rib along the anterior and posterior axillary lines , and 2 cm beyond superior iliac spine on the middle axillary line .The retroperitoneal space was established with homemade balloon-expanding devices .Afterwards , the tumors were removed by using a harmonic scalpel. Results All the tumors were resected completely .The average operation time was 60 min (range, 34-90 min) and the average blood loss in the operation was 70 ml (range, 20 -200 ml) without blood transfusion.The drainage tubes were removed on the 3rd or 4th postoperative day and the patients were discharged on the 6th or 7th postoperative day .They were pathologically diagnosed as adrenal black adenoma . Two patients manifested the Cushing ’ s syndrome and 3 patients showed hypertension , all of which were recovered to normal postoperatively .No recurrence or metastasis was noted during a follow-up for 12-24 months (mean, 18 months). Conclusions Adrenal black adenoma, without specific clinical features, is a rare kind of adrenocortical adenoma .The confirmative diagnosis depends on pathological results .Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive, safe and effective technique for adrenal black adenoma , which provides favorable prognosis .

Objective To investigate effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the cell cycle and apoptosis of K652 cells. Methods Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was identified by western blot analysis. Cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and flow cytometry. Results VDR was present in K562 cell nucleus. 10-8mol/L 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 could markedly inhibit K562 cells growth and induced cell apoptosis. Most of cells were arrested in G2/M phase, the ratio of apoptosis increased from 4.1% in control group to 26.5 % in treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusion 1,25-Dihydrexyvitamin D3 exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in K562 cells.

Objective To compare the perioperative safety and curative effects oflaparoscopic adrenal sparing surgery (ASS) with laparoscopic total adrenalectomy (TA) for aldosterone producing adenoma (APA).Methods An online systematical retrieval was performed with Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Springerlink,the Cochrane library,CNKI and China Biology Medicine disc for clinical comparative studies published before May 2016,these studies reported the treatment of ASS/partial adrenalectomy (PA) versus TA for APA.The selected studies were applied to Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis.The main contents were perioperative outcomes (operative time,intra-operative blood loss,and length of hospital stay) and postoperative efficacy (cure rate,partial response rate,inefficiency rate).Results A total of 9 clinical studies (3 English documents and 6 Chinese documents) with 1036 patients were included into the final analysis,among which 544 patients were assigned to ASS group and 492 in TA group.The analyzed results demonstrated no statistical significance between ASS group and TA group on operative time (WMD:-2.09min,95％CI:-9.86-5.67,P=0.60),length of hospital stay (WMD:-0.10d,95％CI:-0.32-0.12,P=0.36),intra-operative blood loss (WMD:1.13ml,95％CI:-8.86-11.12,P=0.82),cure rate (OR=l.07,95％CI:0.73-1.58,P=0.72),partial response rate (OR=0.85,95％CI:0.57-1.27,P=0.43) and inefficiency rate (OR=2.15,95％CI:0.32-14.34,P=0.43).Conclusion For surgical treatment of APA,ASS is technically safe,can achieve reliable postoperative efficacy and a similar therapeutic effect compared with TA,so deserves further application in clinical practice.

Objective To study the relationship between viral infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and the effect of viral infections on the changes of Th1/Th2 in COPD patients. Methods The se-ra from 81 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD,25 patients with stable COPD and 22 healthy subjects were tested for specific IgM of respiratary syncytial virus(RSV) ,herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), parainfluenza vi-rus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatant INF-γ and IL-4 cultured with PHA were determined. Results The positive rates of IgM in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD compared with those in patients with stable COPD and healthy subjects were significantly different(P <0.001 ). The level of INF-γ, and IL-4 in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and stable COPD compared with normal control group;the level of INF-γ (242±43) and the of IL-4(42±9) in pa-tients with acute exacerbations of COPD was not significantly different as compared with the level of INF-γ( 198±32) and the level of IL-4(56±11 ) in patients with stable COPD (P<0.05), but the level of INF-γ was increased (90±18)and IL-4 was decreased (141±24) in control group (P<0.05). Compared with those in IgM negative group, the levels of INF-γ were significantly higher and the levels of IL-4 were significantly lowerIL-4 in lgM positive group( P<0.01 ). Conclusion Virus infection is a rather important factor in acute exacerbations of COPD, and COPD is characterized by a predominance of Th1-type response,and there is more significant Th1 response predomi-nance in COPD with virus infection.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on the concentration of ethanol in serum and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver and stomach tissue in alcoholic mice.METHODS:All mice were given p.o white spirit30min after p.o saline or5%NAC solution,and the durations from the disappear of righting reflex to recovery in mice were recorded and the number of dead mice in24hours were countered;With the same procedure for six days,the mice were killed by withdrawaling blood from orbit,and taken out the liver and stomach immediately,the concentrations of ethanol in serum and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver and stomach were measured by chromatometry and colorimetric method respectively.RESULTS:In drunk test,5%NAC solution significantly postponed the time from p.o white spirit to the disappear of righting reflex(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the optimized process for extraction of the alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis.METHODS:Orthogonal design was used for studying the effect of alcohol concentration,volume,extraction time and times on the content of jatrorrhizine,epiberberine,coptisine,palmatine and berberine.RESULTS:The optimum extraction process is as follows:8 times of 50% alcohol,extracted for 4 times,each time for 2 hours.CONCLUSION:This extraction process is workable and reproducible,and can provide theoretic support for mass extraction of the alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of natural active compounds apigenin (API) on the proliferation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and related mechanisms. Methods: VSMCs of primary cultured SD rats were obtained and the cytotoxic effects of API (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L) was explored by CCK-8 method. Impact of LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) on VSMCs proliferation and the impact of API (0, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L) on LPS (10 μmol)-induced VSMCs proliferation by CCK-8 methods. Using EdU and FCM method, we observed the effect of API on proliferation of VSMCs induced by LPS. VSMCs proliferation and cell cycle were also assessed by EdU method and FACS in 10 μg/ml LPS, 10 μg/ml LPS+ 40 μmol/L API and equal volume DMSO treated VSMCs. Results: (1) CCK-8 cell vitality test showed that cell vitality was not affected by 0-40 μmol/L API, while cell vitality was significantly reduced by 80 μmol/L API (57%), which was significantly lower than in blank group (P<0.05). (2) VSMCs proliferation was significantly promoted by 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/ml LPS and peaked in 10 μg/ml LPS stimulated VSMCs group, while VSMCs proliferation was significantly reduced in 100 μg/ml LPS stimulated group (P<0.05 vs. blank group). (3) LPS (10 μm/ml) induced VSMCs proliferation was not affected by 10 μmol/L API, which was significantly inhibited by 20 and 40 μmol/L API (both P<0.05 vs. LPS). (4) VSMCs proliferation assessed by EdU was significantly higher in LPS group than in blank group (P<0.01), which could be significantly reduced by cotreatment with API (P<0.01). (5) FACS results showed that percent of VSMCs in G0/G1 stage was significantly lower in LPS group compared to blank group (P<0.05), which could be significantly increased post API treatment (P<0.05 vs. LPS), while percent of VSMCs in S stage was significantly lower post API treatment in comparison with LPS group. Conclusion API can significantly inhibit LPS-induced proliferation of VSMCs, partly through inhibiting mitosis and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.

Objective: To investigate the effects of modified three-step procedure for anatrophic nephrolithotomy in the treatment of complex staghorn renal calculi. Methods: A total of 22 patients with complex staghorn renal calculi between June 2013 and June 2016 at Department of Urology in Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command were retrospective analyzed. There were 13 males and 9 females, ranging from 35 to 62 years old with mean age of 47 years. There were 17 patients with dull pain, and 5 patients who were found through physical examinations. Kidney calculi located in left kidney in 15 patients, right kidney in 7 patients. All patients were treated with modified three-step procedure for anatrophic nephrolithotomy. The operation time, blood loss, time of intraoperative renal ischemia, and postoperative complications were recorded. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), β₂-microglobulin(β₂-MG), diseased side glomerular filtration rate(GFR) , and renal cortical thickness of the diseased kidney in preoperative and postoperative were compared. The clinical data were compared by paired sample t test between pre-operation and post-operation. Results: The calculi were completely removed in 22 patients, the mean operation time was 84 minutes (50 to 126 minutes), the mean time of intraoperative renal ischemia was 31 minutes (20 to 56 minutes), the mean blood loss was 246 ml (150 to 360 ml). There were no secondary bleeding or urinary fistula happened, the perinephric drainage tub was removed in 3 to 7 days postoperative, the mean hospitalization time was 7 days.Compared with the preoperative, the Scr ((172.7±21.3)μmol/L vs. (146.4±22.8)μmol/L, t=7.197, P=0.000), BUN ((9.2±1.8)mmol/L vs. (8.0±0.5)mmol/L, t=3.798, P=0.001) and β₂-MG ((203.0±32.0)μg/L vs. (175.6±23.8)μg/L, t=5.009, P=0.000) in postoperative decreased, the diseased side GFR increased ((28.6±4.0) ml/min比(31.8±3.3) ml/min, t=-3.521, P=0.002). There were no significant difference of diseased renal cortical thickness between preoperative and postoperative(t=-1.323, P=0.200). There were 12 patients with postoperative pain, 2 patients with vomiting, 3 patients with fever, and 2 patients with wound infection. The follow-up time was 6 months, no residual stones in 22 patients. Conclusion The modified three-step procedure for anatrophic nephrolithotomy has high stone free rates with less effects on renal function and fewer complications, the method could be widely applied.

Background and purpose:16α-[18F]lfuoroestradiol (18F-FES) is an in vivo speciifc imaging agent for estrogen receptor (ER). We investigated the concordance between tumor ER status as determined by FES-PET and in vitro immunohistochemical assays. Methods: 18F-FES was prepared by ourselves. Twenty-six patients were enrolled (17 primary and 9 metastatic/recurrent). Patients underwent both 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Results:We found good overall agreement (96.15%) between in vitro ER assays and FES-PET. The ER status diagnosis sensitivity of 18F-FES was 93.33%and the speciifcity was 100%when using cut-off value of SUVmax≥1.5. There was a positive correlation between in vitro ER, PR assays and the SUVmax of 18F-FES while in vitro HER-2/neu assays correlatived negatively with 18F-FES SUVmax. Conclusion:These results suggested 18F-FES may be useful for studying the ER expression of all malignant lesions in patients with breast cancer and guiding individual therapy.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, treatment and outcomes of primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) . Methods: The clinical data of 11 PLB patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 11 patients were enrolled in our study including 7 females and 4 males. The median age of the patients was 45 years old. The main histologic type was diffuse large B cell lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Of the 11 PLB cases, 3 cases were at stage ⅠE, 2 at stage ⅡE, 6 at stage ⅣE respectively. 6 cases were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 2 cases with total joint arthroplasty and chemotherapy, and 3 cases chemotherapy alone respectively. 5 cases got complete remission, 4 cases partial remission and 2 cases stable disease respectively. The median progression free survival was 17 (5-58) months after a median follow up of 21 (6-58) months. Conclusions Most of PLB patients were clinically in late stage lacking of clinical and imagine features. The optimal treatment for PLB was radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and its prognosis was relatively good.