Objective To investigate the effect of Mannatide capsules and Thymic peptide on children with recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRI) and the influnence on their immunity. Methods 160 patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group,the treatment group were treated with Mannatide capsales and Thymic peptide while the control group with only the routine therapy. Results The effect of the treatment group was over the control one(P＜0.01),two groups of the patients were promoted on Ig level,and the effect of 160 cases in the treatment group was more obvious than that of the control one(P＜0.05). Conclusion Mannatide and Thyrnic peptide applied together are effective in treating children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToexploretheeffectofretinoidXreceptor(RXR)agonistbexarotene(Bex)andvitaminD receptor (VDR) agonist calcitriol (Cal) on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the development of atherosclerosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout ( STZ-ApoE-/-) mice.METHODS: Male mice were treated for 12 weeks as follows:(1) C57+vehicle;(2) ApoE-/-+vehicle;(3) STZ-ApoE-/-+vehicle;(4) STZ-ApoE-/-+Bex (10 mg· kg-1· d-1);(5) STZ-ApoE-/-+Cal (10 μg/kg, twice a week);(6) STZ-ApoE-/-+Bex (10 mg· kg-1· d-1) +Cal (10 μg/kg, twice a week).Intraperitoneal injection of STZ was performed to establish the diabetic animal model .Western blotting and immunohistochemical method was used to detect NF-κB level in the thorac-ic aorta.Plaque area in the thoracic aorta was measured using HE staining .RESULTS:Compared with the C57 mice, the fasting blood glucose in the ApoE-/-mice was not remarkably changed .The levels of total cholesterol ( TC) and low-densi-ty lipoprotein ( LDL) were greatly increased .The fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in STZ-ApoE-/-group were much higher than those in ApoE-/-group.Compared with STZ-ApoE-/-group, the fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in Bex group and Cal group were not significantly changed .Compared with the C57 mice, the protein expression of NF-κB in the ApoE-/-mice and the STZ-ApoE-/-mice was remarkably increased .Compared with STZ-ApoE-/-group, the levels of NF-κB in Bex group, Cal group and combination group were greatly decreased .Compared with STZ-ApoE-/-group, the thoracic artery plaque areas in Bex group and Cal group were inhibited (both P<0.05).Compared with Bex group, the plaque area of the thoracic artery in combination group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Bexaro-tene or calcitriol decreases the development of atherosclerosis in streptozotocin -induced diabetic ApoE-/-mice.Bexarotene combined with calcitriol affords greater protection than monotherapy .The mechanism may be involved in down-regulating the expression of NF-κB.

Objective To investigate liver regeneration after transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes in rats with acute liver failure (ALF). Methods ALF rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN). After 18 h, rats were randomized into control group ( Ⅰ ), free hepatoeyte transplantation group ( Ⅱ ) and the microencapsulated hepatecyte transplantation group (Ⅲ). Six rats for each group were randomly selected and sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 240 h after ALF induced and blood samples from inferior vena cava were collected. Liver functions were tested in blood samples, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Ten-day survival rates of 3 groups were 26.7% (4/15), 40.0% (6/15) and 73. 3% (11/15), respectively (x2 = 9. 349,P = 0. 009). Survival rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Levels of ALT and AST in each group increased significantly at 6 h after ALF induced, and peaked between 48 ～ 72 h. Levels of ALT and AST in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ declined from 36 h, which was more significant in group Ⅲ. Tbil levels in group Ⅰ gradually increased after ALF induced and peaked at 72 h. Tbil in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ declined from 48 h, which was more markedly in group Ⅲ. In normal rats, the expression of PCNA protein was almost negative, but it was strongly expressed in ALF rats and peaked at 48 h. The number of positive cells in group Ⅲ was higher than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the differences were of statistical signifieance. Conclusion The transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes can promote the regeneration of liver, and it can improve the liver function and prognosis in rats with ALF.

Objective To assess the prevalence of c-Kit and FLT3 gene mutations in core binding factor related acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) and analyze the karyotype characteristics of the CBF-AML patients. Methods Mutations of c-Kit, FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD were detected by genomic DNA PCR and sequencing, and the karyotype changes were analyzed in 48 newly diagnosed CBF-AML patients. Results c-Kit aberrations were detected in 13(27.1 %) out of 48 patients, including 5 cases with exon 8 mutation and 8 cases with exon 17 mutation. c-Kit was more prominent in t(8;21) AML patients than in inv(16) AML patients [(33.3 %(9/27) vs 19.0 %(4/21), P<0.05]. Only 1 case (2.1 %) had FLT3-ITD mutation (FLT3-ITD+) and 3 cases (6.3 %) had FLT3-TKD mutation (FLT3-TKD +). Prevalence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 with additional chromosome abnormality was as high as 25.9 %(7/27), in which sex chromosome elimination was the most common one, while prevalence of CBFβ-MYH11 with additional chromosome abnormality was low. Conclusion c-Kit gene mutations and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 additional chromosome abnormalities are common in patients with CBF-AML and would be helpful for individualized treatment studies.

Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in hepatic tissue of acute liver failure(ALF)rats after transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes.Methods The ALF model of rats was induced by D-galactosamine(D-Gal)1400 mg/kg.Then the ALF rats were divided into three groups 18 h after injection of D-Gal:ALF model group,free hepatocyte transplantation group,and microencapsulated hepatocyte transplantation group,50 rats in each group,respectively.Each group was divided into 7 subgroups,and the rats were sacrificed at 24,36,48,72,120,168 and 240 h respectively after injection of D-Gal.The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and VEGF in liver tissue of ALF rats was detected by immunohistochemistry method.VEGF mRNA in liver tissue was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Comparison among groups was done by one way ANOVA.Results Compared with ALF model group,the expression of PCNA protein and in free hepatocyet transplantation group in microencapsulated hepatocyte transplantation group began to increase obviously at 36 h after injection of D-Gal(F=26.26,P<0.05).Compare to that of ALF model and free hepatocyte transplantation group,the expression of VEGF protein in microencapsulated hepatocyte transplantation group increased significantly at 36 h after injection of D-Gal(F=25.44,P<0.05),which decreased slower and was still higher at 240 h after injection of D-Gal(F=220.25,P<0.05).Compared with ALF model group,the expression of VEGF mRNA in free hepatocyte transplantation group increased obviously at 24 h(48.0±1.9 vs 56.7±9.1;F=3.54,P<0.05).And that in microencapsulated hepatocyte transplantation group was higher than free hepatocyte transplantation group at 48 h(100.7±1.9 vs 94.5±1.4;F=47.82,P<0.05),which was still significantly higher than free hepatocyte transplantation group at 240 h after injection of D-Gal(F=21.70,P<0.05). Conclusion Transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes could upregulate the expression of VEGF in liver tissues and promote the regeneration of hepatocytes in ALF rats.

Objective To analyze the feasibility and effect of combining intramedullary nails and plates in the treatment of ipsilateral unicondylar tibial plateau fractures with non.contiguous tibial shaft fractures.Methods From May 2003 to November 2005,21 patients with ipsilateral unicondylar tibial plateau fracture and non-contiguous tibial shaft fracture were treated with combining intramedullary nails and plates,including 15 males and 6 females,with the mean age of 34 years (range,20-55 years).The tibial plateau fractures were classified according to Schatzker et al.; 4 cases were type Ⅰ,11 cases type Ⅱ,6 cases type Ⅲ and 1 case type Ⅵ.Middle third tibial shaft fractures were in 13 patients,and distal third tibial shaft fractures were in 8 patients.Once the reduction was obtained,we first fixed tibial plateau with plate and then tibial shaft with medullary nail in 19 cases; in 2 cases,we first fixed the tibial shaft with medullary nail and then tibial plateau with plate.Results 1All patients were followed up for 0.9 to 4 years (average,2.2 years).Bone union was obtained in all patients.The tibial plateau fractures united after an average of 12 weeks,and the tibial shaft fractures united after an average of 29 weeks.Delayed union of the tibial shaft fracture occurred in 3 patients,and the fracture healed finally by removing the proximal locking.Tibial plateau malunion occurred in one patient due to malreduction.According to HSS scores,excellent result was obtained in 17 patients (80.95％),good in 3 patients (14.29％),fair in 1 patient (4.76％).Conclusion With careful attention to some techniques,ipsilateral unicondylar tibial plateau fractures with non-contiguous tibial shaft fractures can be treated successfully by combining medullary nail and plate.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogenous wild type p53 (wtp53) gene on radiosensitivity of human lung adenoeareinoma cell line under hypoxia. Methods Human lung adenoeareinoma cell line A549 was transfected with adenovirus carrying recombinant exogenous wtp53. Four irradiation groups were studied : normal cell ( Group A), wtp53 transfeeted cell ( Group B ), normal cell under hypoxia (Group C) and wtp53 transfected cell under hypoxia( Group D). Ceils were irradiated with 9 MeV electron beams. Cellular survival fraction was analyzed. Multi-target single-hit model was used to plot the survival curve. D0,Dq ,oxygen enhancement ratio(OER) ,sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER) and other parameters were used to evaluate the effects of wtp53 gene on radiosensitivity of A549. The cell apoptotie rate of each group was examined by flow eytometry. Results OER was 1.75 and O. 81 before and after wtp53 transfeetion. SER was 1.77 in oxic circumstance and 3.84 under hypoxia. The cell apoptotie rate of Group A and B was lower than Group C and D(F=7.92 ,P=0.048) ,with Group A lower than B and Group C lower than D (F=82.50,P=0.001). But Group B and D were similar(t=2.04,P=0. 111). Conclusions Hypoxia can increase the radiation resistance of lung adenoeareinoma cell line .4,549. The wtp53 can promote apoptosis and improve tumor radiosensitivity,especially under hypoxia.

Objective To investigate the effects of zoledronic acid on the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in osteosarcoma LM8 cell line under hypoxic condition. Methods The hypoxic culture model was established. After LM8 cells were treated with zoledronic acid, semi-quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA. The expression of HIF-lct and VEGF protein was de-tected by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA respectively. Results Compared with cells in normoxic conditions, cells in the hypoxic environment and cells treated with zoledronic acid in the hypoxic condition did not show a significant change in the mRNA level of HIF-1α(P >0. 05). However, the protein expression of HIF-1α was markedly decreased in the cells treated with zoledronic acid in the hypoxic envi-ronment. In contrast, both mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF were down-regulated in the zoledronic acid treatment hypoxic group (P <0.05). Conclusion Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, zoledronic acid inhibited the expression of HIF-1α protein, which decreased VEGF mRNA level and protein expression in osteosarcorna LM8 cell line.

Objective To investigate the effects of total anthraquinone in rheum on aquaporin 2 and aquaporin 4 expression in rat kidney and explore its diuresis mechanism.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.Total anthraquinone in rheum was administered to rats at different doses.Urinary volume of 24 h,Na+ concentration and osmolality were detected.Rats were sacrificed 5 days later.Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to detect blood biochemical indicators. Kidneys of rats were removed to detect AQP2, AQP4 expression through immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,there were significantly increased 24 h urine output of rats in medium and high dose group[(16.21±1.96),(18.16±1.8) ml vs(13.85±1.25)ml,P＜0.05].24 h urine output in low-dose group did not change significantly.AQP2 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased in rats'kidneys of medium and high dose group (P＜0.01),The AQP4 protein and mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in high dose group (P＜0.01).In medium does group,the AQP4 protein expression was down-regulated (P＜0.01),without significant decrease in the mRNA expression.Protein and mRNA expression of AQP2 and AQP4 did not significantly change in low dose group.Conclusion Total anthraquinone in rheum can reduce the expression level of AQP2 and AQP4 in rat kidney,which is probably one mechanism of diuresis caused by rheum.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detecting small liver metastasis (SLM) from breast cancer. Methods A total of 92 cases diagnosed as breast cancer by surgical pathology and suspected SLM by conventional ultrasonography were included in this study. CEUS was used to check liver lesion in patients. The biopsy operation was used as the gold standard. The coincidence rate of benign and malignant pathology was used to compare the consistency between CEUS and biopsy pathology. Results In 92 cases suspected liver metastases of breast cancer by routine ultrasound, there were 54 cases were diagnosed as benign by pathology, and all 92 cases were diagnosed as benign by CEUS. Thirty-eight cases were diagnosed as metastasis by pathology, in which 36 cases were correctly diagnosed by CEUS. The sensitivity of CEUS for the diagnosis of liver metastases of breast cancer was 94.74%(36/38), specificity was 100%(54/54), positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%(36/36) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 96.43%(54/56). Conclusion CEUS has a higher diagnostic value in SLM of breast cancer, and has clinical practical value.