OBJECTIVE:To establish a good method for determining the dissolution rates of diclofenac sodium suppository METHODS:The dissolution method Ⅰ and Ⅱ of ChP(2000) were compared,the first derivative spectrophotometry was used and the parameters(T50,Td,m) obtained from these samples were brought for correlation analysis RESULTS:The dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium suppository from the dissolution method Ⅰ and Ⅱ were remarkably different,and the dissolution method Ⅱ was better than Ⅰ CONCLUSION:The method established by this study is suitable for the quality control of diclofenac sodium suppository,and the percentage of dissolution of diclofenac sodium suppository in 45min more than 80% is the standard of quality control

This paper was aimed to establish screening methods of anaphylactoid reaction caused by safflower yellow for injection based on RBL-2 H3 cell degranulation model and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,and evaluate the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection from different batches. An in vitro cell model was used to keep the cells stimulated for an hour with different batches of safflower yellow for injection as the drug group,serum-free MEM medium as negative control group and 30 mg·L-1 C48/80 as positive control group respectively. The supernatant was then absorbed,and neutral red staining technique was used to detect the effect of safflower yellow injection on the degranulation of RBL-2 H3 cells with the positive cell rate of degranulation as the indicator.An in vivo model was established to validate the experimental results,and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction and ELISA method were adopted to detect the plasma histamine content,and screen the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection at the animal level by using plasma histamine content as a test index. The results of the neutral red staining experiments showed that the positive control C48/80 could cause cell degranulation,and most of the cells were deeply stained. There was significant difference in positive cell rate between different batches of safflower yellow and positive control group. In the mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,it was found that the positive control C48/80 significantly increased the histamine content in the plasma of mice,while the safflower yellow in each batch did not cause a significant increase in plasma histamine( P<0. 000 1). The mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction is relatively complicated. This study was mainly based on the release of histamine and other active substances by degranulation of mast cells. No significant degranulation reaction of RBL-2 H3 cells induced by safflower yellow for injection was detected,nor was the plasma histamine level significantly increased in mice from the in vitro and in vivo aspects.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chalcone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Histamine ; blood ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo assess the exposure level of total N-nitroso compounds (TNOCs) in the residents of high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer in southern China.

METHODSSamples of duplicate plate diets and 12 hr overnight urine were collected from 120 male adults in each of the 2 areas, a high-risk area (Nanao county) and a low-risk area (Lufeng county) for esophageal cancer. The 240 male healthy subjects (35 - 64 years old) were selected by a 3-stage random cluster sampling procedure. Levels of TNOC, N-nitrosamino acids (NAAs) and volatile N-nitroso compounds (VNOC) in the samples were measured by Thermo Energy Analyzer.

RESULTSThe detectable rate (95%) of diet TNOC, daily dietary TNOC intake (4.25 +/- 0.84) micromol/day, 12-hr urinary TNOC excretion levels (1.76 +/- 0.23 ng/12 h) and daily dietary intake of VNOC (266 +/- 31.2 microg/day) in the high-risk area were all significantly higher than those of the low-risk area. Oesophageal cancer mortality rates were positively and significantly associated with daily dietary TNOC intake and 12-hr urinary TNOC excretion. Urinary NAAs excretion levels were not different in the two areas.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that TNOCs may be implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer in southern China.

Adult ; China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; etiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroso Compounds ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; urine

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of PNPLA3 I148M mutation in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver fibrosis. MethodsThe lentiviral vectors carrying the mutant or wild-type PNPLA3 I148M gene were constructed and transfected into rat hepatic stellate (HSC-T6) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1). The t-test was applied for statistical analysis. ResultsThe lentiviral vectors carrying the mutant or wild-type PNPLA3 I148M gene were successfully constructed and transfected into HSC-T6 cells, and a HSC-T6 cell line with stable expression of the mutant or wild-type PNPLA3 gene was established. Compared with the cell line carrying the wild-type gene, the cell line carrying the mutant gene showed significantly higher mRNA expression of TGF β1 (1.25±0.15 vs 0.48±0.07; t=11.826, P＜0001). ConclusionPNPLA3 I148M mutation can increase the expression of TGF β1 in HSC-T6 cells, which provides a new cell model and new research ideas for investigating the role of PNPLA3 I148M mutation in non-alcoholic fatty liver fibrosis.

In the past several years, chemotherapy, as the best treatment option for advanced gastric cancer, however, was associated with adverse events and high resistance rates. Recently, molecular targeted drugs have gradually come into notice of clinical researchers due to the advantages of selectively killing tumor cells and less adverse events. Many clinical trials have confirmed targeted drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinases combined with chemotherapy drugs could provide more survival benefits and might be effective for the treatment of gastric cancer. This article aims to demonstrate the progress in clinical trials of targeted therapeutic drugs for gastric cancer.