Objective To approach CT features of brain in premature infants.Methods 30 premature infants were examined by helical CT with low dose.The morphology of brain was observed and the density of brain tissue was also measured.Results Premature infants had thin cerebral cortex and shallow sulci.The density of white matter showed lower CT density,the average CT value was(14.36?1.91) HU and CT value of the white matter tended to increase with fetal age.7 cases(fetal age

Objective To investigate the effect of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) signal transcription pathway inhibitor-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on mRNA expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in organs of rats with endotoxic shock and its potential mechanism. Methods Forty-seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8), endotoxic shock group (n=24), and PDTC treatment group (n=15). At serial time points, the animals in each group were sacrificed, and tissue samples from the liver, lungs and kidneys were harvested to determine HMGB1 mRNA expression and pulmonary MPO activity. Also, blood samples were collected to determine the major organ functional indices. Results Compared to normal controls, HMGB1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in samples from the liver, lungs and kidneys at 2-6h after endotoxin challenge (P

Objective To investigate the effect of the inhibitor SB203580 of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway on biopterin (BH 4)/nitric oxide (NO) expression and elucidate the potential mechanism of MAPK in biopterin-mediated NO induction after endotoxic shock. Methods A total of 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8), endotoxic shock group (n=32) and SB203580 treatment group (n=16). After animals were sacrificed, tissue samples from the liver, the lungs as well as the kidneys were harvested to determine the expressions of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CHI) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and observe the changes of BH 4 and NO levels in blood and tissues. Results With endotoxin challenge, GTP-CHI mRNA expression and BH 4 levels were significantly elevated in various tissues and maintained at high levels up to 24 hours. Similarly, the iNOS mRNA expression and NO levels in the tissues significantly increased too, especially in the liver and the lungs. Treatment with SB203580 significantly down-regulated GTP-CHI mRNA expression in the liver, the lungs and the kidneys at 12, 24 and 2-12 hours, respectively (P

Objective To examine the short-and middle-term efficacy and refracture rate in patients with thoracolumbar fracture having percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and determine their correlation with the severity of osteoporosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 247 patients with thoracolumbar fracture undergone PKP from January 2008 to February 2014.Mean age of the patients (94 males and 153 females) was 63.2 years (range,50-81 years).Ground-level falls occurred in 119 patients,traffic injuries in 72 patients and high falls in 56 patients.The patients were assigned to osteopenia group and osteoporosis group based on the preoperative bone mineral density.Visual analogue score (VAS),Roland-Morris disability survey scale (RDQ),vertebral compression rate,kyphotic Cobb angle and refracture rate were recorded before and after operation.Efficacy in correlation with the severity of osteoporosis was evaluated.Results Mean duration of follow-up was 24.3 months (range,18-36 months).Three days after operation,VAS descended from (7.7 ± 2.1) points to (4.3 ± 1.1) points in osteopenia group and from (7.7 ± 2.0) points to (4.2 ± 1.5) points in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);RDQ descended from (21.2 ± 1.5) points to (10.4 ± 2.5) points in osteopenia group and from (20.8 ± 1.9) points to (11.2 ± 1.7) points in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);rate of vertebral body compression descended from (42.2 ± 10.5) ％ to (3.2 ± 0.5) ％ in osteopenia group and from (46.2 ± 12.7) ％ to (2.9 ± 0.8) ％ in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05);kyphotic Cobb angle descended from (21.2 ± 9.5) ° to (7.2 ±2.4) °in osteopenia group and from (23.1 ± 8.9) ° to (7.1 ± 2.6) ° in osteoporosis group (P ＜ 0.05).Three years after operation,all the parameters remained better than these before operation,with the value higher in osteoporosis group than in osteopenia group (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of refracture was higher in osteoporosis group after operation,compared to that in osteopenia group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical short-term result is satisfactory,but refracture rate is increased with the osteoporosis aggravation.Targeting osteoporosis therapy is important to obtain a better mid-term results.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of headless compression Screw (HCS)under arthroscope in the treat-ment of patella fracture.Methods Nineteen patients of patella transverse fractures were selected,all of them were treated with HCS fixation under arthroscope,reviewed and followed-up after surgery.Results X-ray examination after surgery of 3 -5 weeks found that the fracture lines blurred or disappeared,and the patella articular surface was smooth without displacement.The healing time of fracture was 8 weeks on average after operation;There was no statistical difference in the range of the knee joint in the af-fected side in (135.42±5.82)°and the contralateral side in (139.38±6.55)°(P >0.05);The knee Lysholm score of the last follow-up was 86-100 points[(93.7±4.14)points],which was significantly higher than the preoperative score of 65.7 (P <0.05);There was no fracture displacement in the period of followed-up,drop of internal fixator,fracture and other complications.Conclusion HCS fixation under arthroscope in treatment of patella fracture is effective.The joint function recovered quickly with less complica-tion.It could be one of the effective methods for the treatment of patella transverse fracture.

Objective To explore the clinical results of the arthroscopic acromioplasty in the rotator cuff repair.Methods Sixty-five patients (42 males and 23 females) to receive suture bridge repair under the arthroscopy between May 2012 and May 2014 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was given suture bridge repair with acromioplasty,while the control group underwent the suture bridge repair without acromioplasty.The time of operation was recorded.The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder,the UCLA shoulder scoring system (ULCA) score,American orthopedic surgeon scoring system (ASES) score,the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Constant score were observed 3 and 12 months after the operation.Results There were no significant differences in age,sex and the affected side between the two groups.Significant differences were found between the two groups in the duration of the operation (t=-18.5,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the ROM and the ULCA,ASES,VAS and constant scores of the shoulder 3 and 12 months after the operation.Conclusion No significant differences were found in the ROM and the shoulder function scoring between giving acromioplasty under the arthroscopy or not.However,the operation time of undergoing acromioplasty under the arthroscopy was longer.

ObjectiveToestablishadiseasesyndromecombinedanimalmodel,theminiaturepigmodelof chronic myocardial ischemia of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type , by high fat/cholesterol diet feeding and intravenous injection with VD3 and isoproterenol.Methods Miniature pigs were randomly divided into the control (Ctr) group, high fat/cholesterol diet ( HFC) group and chronic myocardial ischemia model of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome ( CMI) group, 5 pigs in each group .The Ctr group was fed with normal regular chow diet , HFC group was fed with high fat/cholesterol diet , while the CMI group was fed with high fat/cholesterol diet and intravenous injection with VD 3 and isoproterenol .The experiment lasted for 24 weeks.The model establishment and its pathological process of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome were evaluated by examinations of body weight , electrocardiogram, activity, blood lipid, myocardial enzymes, hemorheology, inflammation, cardiac index(CI) and myocardial ischemia size (MIS).Results Compared with the Ctr group, the body weight, heart rate(HR), Total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , atherosclerosis index ( AI ) , low/middle/high shear rate of whole blood viscosity and reduced viscosity, erythrocyte electrophoresis time(EPT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and IL-6 levels in the HFC group were significantly increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), while the body weight, heart rate, total ST, ST_average, activity, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, AI, CK, LDH, cTn-1, low/middle/high shear rate of whole blood viscosity and reduced viscosity, EPT, Casson viscosity(CV), hs-CRP, IL-6, CI and MIS in the CMI group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and APN level in the CMI group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Moreover, AI, CK, LDH, cTn-1, low/middle/high shear rate of whole blood viscosity , EPT, CI and MIS in the CMI group were significantly higher than those of HFC group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while APN in the CMI group was significantly lower than that of HFC group (P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that MIS was closely correlated to TC , LDL-C, AI, CK, LDH, cTn-1, APN, high/middle/low shear rate of whole blood viscosity , EPT, CV, hs-CRP and IL-6 (P<0.05, P<0.01).The linear regression analysis also showed that phlegm-blood stasis was closely correlated to TC , LDL-C, AI, CK, LDH, cTn-1, APN, CV, EPT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 ( P <0.01), and further linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the evolution of phlegm-blood stasis was closely related to TC , CK and IL-6.Conclusions Minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type can be established by high fat /cholesterol diet feeding and intravenous injection with VD 3 and isoproterenol .Their blood lipid metabolism , hemorheology , myocardial enzymes and inflammatory indexes can be used as external biochemical basis of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type , which may reflect related biological basis of the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “phlegm and stasis cementation , blood-stasis & toxin causing catastrophe”.

Objective To observe the morphological structures of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo based on 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI), accumulate the basic biological data of WHBE rabbit brain imaging, and provide a background information to further expand the WHBE rabbit application.Methods Nine healthy adult male WHBE rabbits were intravenously anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital sodium.3.0 T MRI plus rabbit brain dedicated coil was used to perform routine transverse and sagittal scans, and the size of brain structures were measured.Results MRI scanning can be successfully performed to obtain sagittal and transverse T2WI or T1WI images of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo, and can be clearly observed the basic structures of WHBE rabbit brains in vivo, such as olfactory bulb, cerebrum, cerebellum and pituitary gland.In addition, high signal was found in the hippocampus of the left and right temporal lobes in 4 rabbits with T2WI, but also low signal appeared in the corresponding regions in T1WI, and the others were not abnormal.Meanwhile, the reference data of frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebrum, lateral ventricles, pituitary gland and other related anatomical structures were also obtained.Conclusions Using the 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system and rabbit brain coil,the morphological and anatomical structures of rabbit brain can be clearly observed, and the basic imaging data of WHBE rabbits brain have been established preliminarily.

Objective To observe the sensitivity of Wuzhishan, Tibetan and Bama minipigs to exogenous fats.Methods A total of 15 male minipigs including 5 WZS minipigs, 5 Tibetan minipigs and 5 Bama minipigs, were used in this study.The minipigs were intravenously injected with fat emulsion and fed with high-fat diet, and the changes of serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were detected at 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 2.5 h and 3 h after intravenous injection of fat emulsion and at 3 h and 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h and 84 h after fed with high-fat diet, respectively, and calculated the changes of area under the curve (ΔAUC) values.Results The triglyceride (TG) in the three kinds minipigs were significantly increased (P<0.01), and reached a peak at 0.5 h after injection.The degree of elevation of ΔAUC values were different showing on increasing order: Tibetan minipig > Wuzhishan minipig > Bama minipig, while TC, LDL-C and HDL-C showed no significant changes (P>0.05).Moreover, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were significantly increased in the three stocks of minipigs induced by feeding with high-fat diet (P<0.05, P<0.01).Among them, the TC and LDL-C of Wuzhishan minipigs peaked at 36 h, HDL-C peaked at 48 h and TG peaked at 24 h after feeding, respectively.TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in the Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs peaked at 48-60 h and TG peaked at 36 h after feeding, and the ΔAUC values of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were in an increasing order of Wuzhishan minipigs > Bama minipigs > Tibetan minipigs.Conclusions The three stocks of minipigs are sensitive to TG after intravenous injection of fat emulsion, and the lipid tolerance values are in an order of Tibetan minipig > Wuzhishan minipigs > Bama minipigs.Meanwhile, the three stocks of minipigs are also sensitive to TC, LDL-C and HDL-C after feeding with high-fat diet, and the lipid tolerance values are in an increasing order of Wuzhishan minipig > Bama minipigs > Tibetan minipigs.

Objective To summarise the methods for a long segmental avulsed inj ury of ureter.Methods Ureteroscopies were performed on three male patients with upper ureteral calculi and one female patient with haematuria from upper urinary tract.Ureteral calculi caused small and middle hy-dronephrosis,obstruction wasn't seen on the upper urinary tract with haematuria.The kidney on the affected side showed normal founction on IVP.Four patients were suffered from a long segmental avulsed inj uries of full-thickness of ureter from ureteroscopy in a continuous epidural anesthesia.The injuries took place in UPJ and upper ureter.The length of avutsed ureters is 20-25 cm,mean length is 24 cm. Results The ureteroscopies were altered to open operations which were ileal ureteral substi-tutions on two patients,being anastomosed the avulsed ureter wrapped by caul on one patient and nc-phrectomy on one patient under general anesthesia in an emergercy.Two ileal ureteral substitutions had reached satisfied results that were no damaged renal functions,no metabolic acidosis,no repeatly U-rinary tract infections and no complains about micturition.One patient has maintained normal renal morphology and function after thirteen years followup,the other formed stricture in the anastomosis of the proximal piece of-ileum to the renal pelvis tWO years after operation,and then improved after ante-grade dilation.The patient with being replaced back and anastomosed the avulsed ureter had compli-cated with a renal atrophy on the affected side three months after the double-J was extracted.The kid-ney showed no function on isotop nephrogram and then was ablated.The last one with nephrectomy and the one before were followed up regularly,the renal functions and blood pressures remain normal.Conclusion Ileal ureteral substitution would be a good choice and has a stable curative effect and provide a good prognosis for treating long segmental avulsed injury of ureter suffered from ureterosco PY when no available urinary tract was utilized for reconstruction.