The obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) affects approximately 2%-4% of the middle-aged population. It is characterized by obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in repetitive breathing pauses accompanied by oxygen desaturation. It has been recognized as an independent risk factor for disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and sleepiness-related accidents. Treatment modalities for OSAHS at the present time include nasal continuous positive airway pressure( CPAP) , surgery option and oral appliances. However many patients refuse or cannot tolerate CPAP and surgery treatment and randomized trials report patient preference for o-ral appliances. Today, the most commonly used oral appliances are the mandibular advancement devices (MADs). This article provides an overview of OSAHS: its epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and clinical application on treatment of OSAHS with MADs.

Pharmacology of Shpnxueling(SXL),a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura,and its hemostatic activity were studied in experimental animals. Results showedthat SXL shortened the time of bleeding and coagulation,raised BPC in mice,increased platelet megakaryocyteproduction in rabbit,prolong the time of swiming of 1oaded mice,increased body liver and kidney weights ofyoung mice, increased p1asma cortisol Ievel. Acute and chronic toxicity tests reveaIed that SXL was nontoxicto mice or rats. These results suggested that hemostasis was associated with effects of SXl, which could faci1i-tate division and maturity of megakaryocyte,increase the BPC,accelerate coagulation and regulate the functionof endocrine. SXL could resist fatigue,endure hypoxia,faciIitate growth. lt is safe and nontoxic in its use of'SXL.

BACKGROUND:The analysis of gas flow in upper respiratory tract of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome contributes to further understanding the correlation of anatomical structure and function of upper respiratory tract so as to know the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. OBJECTIVE:To establish the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, to study the characteristics of airflow dynamics in upper respiratory tract in above patients, and to lay the foundation for further exploring the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. METHODS:CT scan of the upper airway was performed with a moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome patient. Data stored in DICOM format were imported in Mimics 10.01 software, and processed, and then computational fluid dynamics model was built. ANSYS ICEM CFD14.0 was used to perform the grid division of the three-dimensional model. The internal flow of upper respiratory tract was simulated by ANSYS 14.0-Fluid Dynamics, and relevant information on airflow field of upper airway was obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway wasestablished with 1 751 940 elements and 303 981 nodes of upper airway. The flow rate was 11.087 m/s in the lower bound of pharyngopalatiae, which was the most narrowed areas of upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway has accurately simulated biomechanical feature of human, which provides a foundation for further studying the airflow dynamics of upper respiratory tract of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Bilingual teaching is a challenge to university.Biochemistry Department of Guilin Medical College made research on relationship between bilingual teaching and professional courses learning,restrictive factors of bilingual teaching and how to further bilingual teaching,and so on.Training teachers,exploring teaching methods and establishing rational evaluation system are most important for bilingual teaching nowadays.

Aim To study the active constituents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the ethyl acetate extracts of the roots of Lasianthus acuminatissimus Merr. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic analyses and their preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammation effect on the release of β-glucuronidase was carried out. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lasianthuslactone A ( 1 ) , codonolactone ( 2 ), 2, 5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 3 ) ,uncargenin A (4) , nonadecyl alcohol (5) , 13-docosenoic acid (6) , tetracosanoic acid (7) and β-sitosterol (8). Compound 3 showed a significant inhibitory effect on release of β-glucuronidase rat polymorphous nuclear leukocytes activated by platelet activating factor (PAF). Conclusion Compound 1is a new one, the others were isolated from the plant for the first time and 3 is one of active antiinflammation compound in the plant.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of palliative drainage to pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma which could not be excised with the operation.Methotis A retrospective study was accomplished on the palliative drainage treatment of 68 patients with pancreatic and petiampullary carcinoma hospitalized from 1996 to 2003.Results The disease course was two days to eight months.A definite preoperative diagnosis was made for 64 cases.Among them.single test diagnosed 24 cases and multiple tests diagnosed 40 cases.56 patients suffered from jaundice before operation.34 patients were treated by Roux-Y choledochojejunostomy.Choledochoduodenostomy was performed in 16 patients,cholecystduodenostomy for biliary by pass Was performed in 8 patients and stented internal drainage of the biliary duct in the liver and duodenostomy was performed in 10 patients.After reducing jaundice,12 patients was performed surgical resection.The second operation was performed in 4 patients because of postoperative jaundice and in 3 patients because of pylofic obstruction.The pefioperative compllcations include 4 cases of jaundice pyloric,3 cases of obstruction,2 cases of postoperative bleeding and 5 cases of infection of incisional wound.The aver-age stay in hospital waa 13.3 days(8～22 days).Conclusion Multiple tests were helpful to make a definite preoper-ative diagnosis.The selection of palliative drainage method based on the condition of patients had good curative effect in clinic.Surgocal exploration and reducing jaundice could set win conditions for second operation.

Objective To study the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) and Hapatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were applied to detect EBV in paraffin tissue sections from 78 HCC patients. Results EBV DNA was detected in 22 patients (28 2%) by PCR. Immunohistochemical staining of EBV LMP1 revealed that the positive signals were mainly localized in the tumor cells. Conclusions These observations suggest that EBV may pay a role in the development of HCC.

To determine the role of biopterin in acute lung injury in scald rats with infection, and to observe the therapeutic effect of GTP-cyclohydrolase I(GTP-CHI) inhibitor on postburn sepsis, 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal controls (n=10), scald control group(n=10), postburn sepsis group(n=20) and 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine (DAHP) treatment group (n=16). Tissue samples from lungs were collected to determine GTP-CHI and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression, meanwhile biopterin, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and interferon-? (IFN-?) levels in lungs were also measured. The results showed that after scald injury followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge, GTP-CHI gene expression and biopterin levels significantly elevated in lungs, so did the values of iNOS mRNA expression and NO induction (P

To observe the changes in plasma endotoxin level and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP)/lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14 gene expression in the postburn Staphylococcus aureus infection, and to investigate their potential role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. 70 Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal control ( n =10), scald control ( n =10) and postburn sepsis group ( n =50). In the postburn sepsis group, rats were subjected to 20% TBSA Ⅲ?scald followed by Staphylococcus aureus challenge. LBP/CD14 and TNF ? mRNA expression in the liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were determined in all groups. Plasma endotoxin level and intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were also measured. The results showed that, after thermal injury combined with Staphylococcus aureus infection, intestinal DAO activity significantly declined,measuring 219 3, 157 3, 182 3, 167 3 and 179 2 U/g protein at 0 5?2?6?12 and 24h, respectively, after Staphylococcus aureus administration (239 9 U/g protein in normal controls). Meanwhile plasma endotoxin levels was markedly elevated, peaking at 2 hours( P

Objective To investigate the effects of endotoxin on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium, and to explore the molecular mechanism of acute myocardial injury. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1h, 2h, 6h groups (n=10 for each group). In the latter two groups, LPS was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Tissue samples from the myocardium were collected to determine NF-?B activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the mRNA expression of TNF-? was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with GAPDH as internal standard. Results The activation of NF-?B (2.173?0.063) and TNF-? mRNA expression (0.292?0.031) could be detected in myocardium in very low values in normal control group rats, while both the activation and expression were up-regulated markedly after LPS challenge, and peaked 2 hours afterwards (37.793?4.785 and 1.182?0.146, respectively). They were down-regulated (17.910?3.791 and 0.901?0.128, respectively) 6 hours after LPS challenge. Compared to normal controls, both NF-?B activity and TNF-? mRNA expression were significantly elevated at various time points following LPS stimulation (all P