Objective To investigate the protective effects of morphine preconditioning on the lungs against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanisms.Methods Twenty-four Japanese long-ear white rabbits weighting 2.5-3.0 kg were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg and intravenous 3 % pentobarbital 30 mg ?kg-1, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated ( VT 10 ml?kg-1, RR 30 bpm, FiO2 100% , PEEP 1 cm H2O) . Right carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. An elastic band was placed around the hilum of left lung via thoracotomy to perform lung ischemia. Body temperature was maintained at 36-38℃( rectal) . The animals were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups (n = 8 each) : (1) Sham group; (2) I/R group was subjected to 2 h in situ left hilar occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion and (3) morphine preconditioning group received morphine 4 mg?kg-1 via pulmonary artery 30 min before I/R. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were monitored and recorded. Arterial blood samples were taken before occlusion of lung hilum (baseline) and at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of reperfusion for blood gas analysis, and determination of plasma endothelin-1 concentration. The animals were killed at the end of 120 min reperfusion. The lungs were removed for determination of lung water content (W/ D ratio), percentage of neutrophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and microscopic examination.Results MPAP and PIP were significantly lower while PaO2 was significantly higher at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of reperfusion in morphine preconditioning group than in I/R group. Plasma endothelin-1 concentration was significantly lower at 60 and 120 min of reperfusion in morphine preconditioning group than in I/R group ( P

Objective To examine the effects of exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS)on lung function in rats with meconium aspiration.Methods Twenty Wistar rats of both sexes were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1 , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (PIP= 16 cm H2O,RR =40 bpm,I:E= 1 : 1, FiO2 = 1.0) . 3-4 ml? kg -1 of saline suspension of human meconium ( 200 mg ? ml-1 ) was introduced into trachea. Respiratory failure was induced when PaCO2

Objective The reconstituted pulmonary surfactant (SP) is composed of synthetic lipid(SL) and surfactant- associated protein C (SP-C) . The purpose of this study was to determine the surface tension reducing activity of the reconstituted surfactant containing different concentrations of SP-C.Methods Pulmonary surfactant (SP) was isolated from alveolar lavage fluid of fresh porcine lungs by centrifugation, extraction and precipitateon. SP-C was extracted from PS and SL was prepared by mixing dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), dioleoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DOPC) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidyl glycerol (POPG) in the weight ratio of 60: 20: 20. Three synthetically reconstituted surfactants RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, were prepared by adding different concentrations of SP-C to SL. The end concentration of SP-C was 1% , 2% and 3% respectively. Five test liquids (PS, SL. RS-1, RS-2, RS-3) were prepared by suspending the materials mentioned above in nonnal saline. The dynamic surface tension of the five test liquids were measured by a pulsating bubble technique. Thirty-six PS-deficient premature rabbits were studied. The premature rabbits were delivered by cesarean section on the 26 th day of pregnancy. The animals were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. 0.1 ml of test liquid PS (group Ⅱ) , SL(group Ⅲ) or RS-3(group Ⅳ) was instilled into the lungs via the tracheostomy cannula. In control group (group Ⅰ) no test liquid was instill. The animals were placed in a body plethysmograph and mechanically ventilated (the maximum inspiratory pressure = 25 cm H2 O, RR = 40 bpm, I: E = 1:1, FiO2 = 100 % made of ventilation IPPV) . Tidal volume was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after onset of IPPV. Results The minimum surface tension (?min) of PS was 0.9?0.3 mN?m-1 , and of SL was 22.6 ?1.3 mN?m-1 . The ? min of RS-3 was 0.7?0.1 mN ?m-1. The mean tidal volume after 20 min of mechanical ventilation in group Ⅱ(PS) and groupⅢ(RS-3 ) was 25 ?7 ml?kg-1 and 25 ? 4 ml?kg-1 respectively, significantly larger than that in control group (Ⅰ ) and group Ⅲ (SL) . Conclusion The surface tension-reducing activity of SL alone is low. Adding SP-C to SL greatly enhances the surface tension-reducing activity of reconstituted surfactant (RS).

Objective To observe clinical effects and side reactions of Huayu pill combined with TC (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) chemotherapeutic regimes on treating epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods All 60 patients with the epithelial ovarian cancer were randomly divided into the treated group (Huayu pill combined with TC chemotherapeutic, n=30) and the control group (TC chemotherapeutic regimes, n=30). Results The effective rate of the treated group and the control group was 46.7% and 37.9% respectively. The objective response rate (CR+PR+SD) was 86.7% in the treated group, while this rate was 68.9% in the control group (P

Objective To discuss the distribution of coagulation markers in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the correlation of these markers with the prognosis of the patients, the TCM syndrome and the long-term thrombotic events. Method Hospitalized NSCLC patients were selected for retrospective investigation and the coagulation markers data were analyzed with SPSS13.0. Result There were 10 cases (38.5%) and eight cases (30.8%) with one or more abnormal coagulation markers in the non-advanced NSCLC group, while there were 95 cases (71.4%) and 77 cases (57.9%) in the advanced NSCLC group. There were significant difference between the two groups (P

Objective To examine the influence of serum on pulmonary surfactant (PS) function.Methods Caesarean section was performed on 26-day pregnant Japanese white rabbits (full term=31 days). The pre-term rabbits weighing 20-34g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal(ip) pentobarbital sodium 0.5mg. Tracheotomy was performed. Test liquids were prepared by suspending PS in rabbit serum or acetate Ringer solution at concentration of 2.0,4.0,6.0,8.0,10,12,24 mg/ml. The surface tension of test liquids was measured by pulsating bubble technique. Test liquid 10ml/kg was instilled in the lungs of PS-deficient pre-term rabbits via tracheotomy cannula.Animals were ramdomly divided into 4 groups according to the test liquid used: group A: 24mg/ml PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution; group B: 24mg/ml PS suspended in serum; group C: 4.0mg/ml PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution; group D: nothing was instilled. Rabbits were placed in plethysmograph. Siemens-Elema ventilator was used for mechanical ventilation. PIP was set at 22.5cmH 2O, PEEP=0,respiratory rate=40 frequency/min, I:E=1:1,FiO 2=100%. Tidal volume was measured at 5,10,15,20 min after the start of mechanical ventilation.Results When concentration of PS suspended in acetate Ringer solution was 2.0 mg/ml, the minimum surface tension (?min) was less than 3.0 mN/m; when suspended in serum, ?min was significantly higher than 30 mN/m (P15 ml/kg, but in group B the mean tidal volume was

0.05 ) respectively. Before and after irradiation in the group of 100 mJ, the ratio of G 2+ /P 2+ was 1.667?0.128 and 2.135?0.156( P 0.05 ). Conclusion: The normal pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone can not increase acid residence of the enamel.

4 holding time were observed among the three groups.After repeated doses,the PMs showed a significantly higher intragastric pH value than that of the homEMs or hetEMs.Conclusion The pharmacodynamic effects of omeprazole and its pharmacokinetics depend on the CYP2C19 genotype status in Chinese volunteers.

Objective To investigate the role of asctrocytes in the process of chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in intracephalic inflammation rat model induced by intracerebroventricularly injection of lipopolysaccharide.Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats were assigned into lipopolysaccharide group or saline control group randomly.All injections were made intracerebroventricularly on right side of the rats.Ethovison software was used to measure the movement distance of rats within 30 minutes.Specific antibody for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) was used in immunohistochemistry stain to detect the changes of asctrocytes in the substantia nigra of rats.Results Movement distance of lipopolysaccharide-injected rats decreased by 21.2% compared with saline-injected rats at 16 weeks after injection (t=2.54,P<0.05)by 27.0% (t=3.55,P<0.01) at 24 weeks and by 31.4% (t=3.91,P<0.01) at 28 weeks after lipopolysaccharide injection.The asctrocytes were activated obviously in the substantia nigra of lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 2 weeks,while the numbers of GFAP-positively stained cells (228.60 + 22.35) increased significantly compared with saline-injected group ( 165.20 ± 25.97) (t = 4.14,P< 0.05).The activation of asctrocytes was not found in lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 4 weeks and 12 weeks.The asctrocytes were re-activated in the substantia nigra of lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 24 weeks,while the numbers of GFAP-positively stained cells (220.00±21.01 ) increased significantly compared with saline-injected group (169.00± 19.00) (t= 4.03,P<0.05).The activation of asctrocytes was not seen at any time point in saline-injected group.Conclusions Intracephalic inflammation induces chronic degeneration of substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons in rats.The asctrocytes exhibite "acute activation-quiescing-reactivation" state,indicating that they might be involved in the mechanism of dopaminergic neurons degeneration.

Objective To investigate whether there is any functional link between p27~(Kip1) function and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in the control of neuronal differentiation of immortalized human neural progenitor cells (hSN12W-TERT cells). To investigate the mechanism by which p27~(Kip1) regulates the differentiation of immortalized human neural progenitor cells. Methods hSN12W-TERT cells were derived from the striatums of human embryos at 12 weeks gestation and cultured with serum-free medium in presence of EGF and bFGF. At the appropriated time, hSN12W-TERT cells were exposed to 1μmol/L RA for 3, 5, 7 days respectively. The experiment was repeated there times. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry analysis (FACS). The expression of p27~(Kip1), p21~(cip1), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), p-cdk2 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (skp2) in hSN12W-TERT cells before and after RA treatment cells were determined by using Western blotting analysis. Results FACS result showed that 77.25% of proliferating hSN12W-TERT cells were in the G1/G0-phase while 9.38% of cells in the S-phase. Following RA treatment, cell growth was arrested, and 85.68% of cells accumulated in G1/G0-phase while 8.57% of cells in the S-phase. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the levels of p27~(Kip1) in the hSN12W-TERT cells increased following 3 days' treatment with RA compared with those of normal untreated cells, with a peak at 5 days (P<0.05). The similar results were acquired both in nuclear proteins and in cytoplasm proteins of hSN12W-TERT cells. The expression level of p21~(cip1) decreased in response to RA treatment. RA did not affect the expression of cdk2, but the expression of p-cdk2, which represented the activity of cdk2, was markedly decreased in response to RA treatment. Skp2, which was required for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27~(Kip1), was detected in proliferating hSN12W-TERT cells. The expression of skp2 reduced dramatically in response to RA treatment in a time-dependent manner.Conclusion There is a functional link between RA and p27~(Kip1) function in the control of neuronal differentiation in hSN12W-TERT cells. P27~(Kip1) plays a key role during neuronal differentiation. Moreover, high levels of p27~(Kip1) are associated with its degradation inhibiting through reducing proteasome-dependent proteolysis.