The cultivation of the medical image graduate students is one of the important ways in the modern medical science image talents. The writer of this article thinks that there are several important factors such as constructions of the tutor teams and the cooperation managements of the radiological department,training the basic knowledge of medical image and thoughts model of image diagnosis,improving the special English of the medical image, cultivating the innovation and the ability of the taking on the science research independently,and cultivating the competence of the research expression.

Objective To evaluate the significance of human interleukin-31(IL-31)in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and its correlation with pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods Twenty-two children with mild to severe atopic dermatitis and 22 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study.Patients and controls were randomly and equally assigned into stimulation and non-stimulation groups.Venous blood samples were obtained from all participants,peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these samples and cultured with(stimulation groups)or without(non-stimulation groups)staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB)for 24 hours.Then,the mRNA expression of IL-31 on PBMCs was assessed via real-time reverse transcription-PCR.ELISA was used to detect the total serum IgE level in these objects.The severity of AD in patients was rated according to scoring atopic dermatitis(SCORAD).The relationship between the mRNA expression of IL-31 and the level of serum total IgE.severity of atopic dermatitis,and degree of pruritus.was evaluated.Results The expression of IL-31 mRNA on non-stimulated PBMCs from patients was 23.2 folds as high as that from the healthy controls(P＜0.01).The stimulation with SEB upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-31 on PBMCs.and the increase on PBMCs from patients was 20.44 times of that from the controls.The total serum IgE level was 260.05 IU/mL(5.9-1131.01 IU/mL)and 17.7 IU/mL(5-140.7 IU/mL)in the Patients and controls respectively(P＜0.01).There was no significant correlation between the mRNA expression of IL-31 and disease severity or total serum IgE level(r=0.07.0.22respectively.both P＞0.05)in patients witll AD.Condusions IL.3 1 is involved in t11e pathogenesis of AD,which is unlikely to be IgE-dependent.SEB can induce the rapid expression of IL-31 on PBMCs of healthy human,and is an important modulator for the production of IL-31.

Objective To investigate the changes of the cervical spinal cord in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and relapsing neuromyelitis optica (RNMO) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to analyze its correlations with clinical disability scores.Methods Thirty patients with MS (MS group),28 patients with NMO (NMO group) and 20 healthy volunteers were imaged using DTI on a 3.0 Tesla scanner.DTI indices of cervical spinal cord from all participants were measured,including mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA),and the correlations between the DTI metrics and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores were assessed.One-way ANOVA,Dunnett-t test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistics.Results (1) The values of MD among three groups were different at C3 level for left lateral and dorsal columns,C4 level for the central gray substance and dorsal columns,and C5-C6 level for all structures.There were significant differences among them (F =4.006-36.814,P ＜ 0.05).The values of FA were significantly different at all levels (F =5.561-98.128,P ＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,the values of MD were increased and FA were decreased for both MS and NMO groups,there were significant differences among them (t =-0.320-3.138,P ＜0.05).In MS and NMO groups,there were no significant differences of MD (t =-1.183-0.069,P ＞0.05),while the FA at C4-C6 levels (including the central gray substance,dorsal columns,right lateral columns and left lateral columns) for NMO group were 0.57 ± 0.09,0.56 ± 0.11,0.54 ±0.10,0.57±0.09,0.55 ±0.11,0.52 ±0.13,0.55 ±0.11,0.54 ±0.13,0.54±0.10,0.54±0.11,0.53 ±0.13,0.52 ±0.11 ;and for MS group were 0.67 ±0.10,0.68 ±0.10,0.68 ±0.10,0.70 ±0.12,0.68 ±0.11,0.69±0.10,0.68 ±0.11,0.69 ±0.12,0.67 ±0.14,0.68 ±0.15,0.69 ±0.14,0.69 ±0.16,and there were significant differences between two groups (t =-0.011-0.169,P ＜ 0.05).(3)Univariate correlations between DTI measures and the average EDSS scores were assessed.The MD at all levels showed significant positive correlations with disability scores (r =0.324-0.541,P ＜ 0.05),and FA significant negative correlated with disability scores (r =-0.632--0.294,P ＜ 0.05),except C4 level for lateral columns and C2 level.Conclusions DTI metrics are sensitive to cervical spinal cord damage in demyelinating diseases,providing an important way of distinguishing MS from NMO,and can be potentially useful quantitative biomarkers for monitoring the evolution of demyelinating diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the values of 3D enhanced T2-star weighted angiography (ESWAN) in detecting iron deposition of the brain in patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS).Methods Conventional MRI and 3D ESWAN were performed in 22 patients with released-remitting MS(RR-MS) and in 22 age- and gender-matched normal controls.Both the magnitude images and phase images were available after post processing of the original ESWAN data post processing.The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores of the patients were from 0 to 8.5,and the course of disease were between 0.5 year and 15 years.The manifestation of MS lesions was evaluated on conventional MR images and ESWAN images by two experienced radiologists with blind methods.The phase values were measured for MS lesions between the semioval center and periventricular white matter and the corresponding regions in the normal control group were measured as well The Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the differences of phase values between MS patients and normal controls,and the Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlations among the phase values of MS lesions,EDSS scores and course of disease of MS patients.Results( 1 ) MS lesions were observed on magnitude images and phase images,respectively and together.Two hundred and thirteen(32.8％ )lesions were detected on both the magnitude images and phase images,164 (25.2％)lesions were detected on the magnitude images only,and 273 (42.0％) lesions were detected on the phase images only.A total of 650 lesions were observed on the ESWAN,which showed more 42 lesions than conventional images(608).Among 486(273 + 213 )lesions observed on the phase images,205 (31.5％) lesions were homogeneously hypointense,45 (6.9％ ) lesions showed hypointense ring,and 236 (36.4％ ) lesions were inhomogeneously hypointense.(2) “ Penetrating veins” were showed in 424 (65.2％ ) periventricular lesions.The “penetrating veins” showed dilated and prolonged in 198 (30.5％ ) acute lesions,thin and short in 208 (32.9％ ) chronic lesions.However,the “penetrating veins” of 12 ( 1.8％ ) chronic lesions in 5 stable MS patients were expanded and prolonged slightly.( 3 ) The average phase value of the lesions ( - 0.05 ± 0.08) in patients with RR-MS was significantly lower than that of corresponding to regions (0.06 ± 0.05 ) in the normal control group( Z = 22.30,P ＜ 0.01 ).(4) The phase values of MS lesions were significantly correlated to the EDSS and course of disease of patients with RR-MS (r = -0.98,0.99 respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionESWAN can be helpful in the evaluation and quantification of abnormal iron deposition in MS lesions,which provides important values for the pathogenesis and pathological study for MS patients.

Objective To evaluate the capacity of atopy patch test in diagnosis of food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Egg and milk,as the most common food allergens among Chinese children,were employed in this study.Skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) with fresh egg and milk were carried out in 68 children with AD.Oral food challenges in an open style were performed to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy.Resuits Of these patients,58(85.3%)were sensitive to egg,40(58.8%)to milk and 34(50.0%) to both.Of 98 patients with positive challenge,47 showed late response,10 immediate reactions.and 41 mixed reactions.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) and the agreement with food challenges in diagnosis of egg/milk allergy were 96.6%/67.5%.90.0%/82.1%,98.2%/84.4%,81.8%/63.9% and 95.6%/73.5%,respectively for APT alone,37.9%/30.0%,100%/89.3%,100%/80.0%,21.7%/47.2% and 47.1%/54.4%,respectively for SPT alone.APT was found to be more sensitive in diagnosis of late-phase reactions than SPT (P<0.01).No significant difference was found in the sensitivity between APT alone and the combination of APT and SPT in parallel algorithm for diagnosis of egg or milk allergy (x2=0.509,0.549,both P>0.05) or in the specificity between APT alone and that in serial algorithm( P=1.000;x2=3.514,P>0.05).Conclusions APT is superior to SPT in diagnosis of late responses to food,and the combination of SPT and APT does not facilitate the diagnosis of food or milk allergy compared with APT alone.

AIM: HLCDG1 is a novel gene cloned recently, and its expression inhibits significantly the growth of A549 cells and tumorigenesis of A549 cells transplanted in nude mice. In this study, our aim was to construct HLCDG1 gene short/small interference double-strand RNA (siRNAs) expression vector and to observe its influence on cell cycle and proliferation of A549 cells. METHODS: Using RNA interference (RNAi) techniques, a DNA vector-driven siRNAs expression vector was constructed, and a lung carcinoma cell line stably expressing siRNAs was also selected. Sequentially, using flow cytometry analysis and MTT assay, the changes of cell cycle and cell proliferation in this cell line were observed. RESULTS: Four site-match and one site-mismatch plasmids were constructed, which were named pHL-si-1, pHL-si-2, pHL-si-3, pHL-si-4 and pHL-si-c. These plasmids were co-transfected with a pcDNA3.1(+)/HLCDG1 plasmid into A549 cells, respectively. Among five co-transfected A549 cell lines, a A549 cell line co-transfected by the pcDNA3.1(+)/HLCDG1 and pHL-si-1 plasmids, namely A549-HLCDG1-si-1, showed nearly complete inhibition of HLCDG1 expression. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis indicated that A549-HLCDG1-si-1 cells, namely the HLCDG1 gene-silencing cells, got a faster growth compared with other HLCDG1 expression cell lines, and that HLCDG1 gene-silencing induced A549-HLCDG1-si-1 cells into S phase and G_2+M phase significantly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the HLCDG1 gene is proved to have a markedly inhibitory effect on growth in A549 lung carcinoma cells. This study might provide some understanding of the biological function and molecular mechanism of HLCDG1 gene.

ObjectiveTo investigate the variation of thalamus metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuronmyelitis optica (NMO) using 1H-MRS.Methods1H-MRS was performed to 32 MS patients (MS group),28 NMO patients (NMO group) and 35 healthy volunteers (normal control group).The ratios of metabolism in thalamus,including N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr),choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) were calculated and compared.ResultsThere was statistical difference of NAA/Cr in thalamus among the three groups (P＜0.05).NAA/Cr in thalamus of MS group was significantly lower than that of normal control group (t= -3.45,P＜0.05),while no statistical difference of Cho/Cr and mI/Cr was found (t=0.086,0.661,all P＞0.05).No statistical difference of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr or ml/Cr was found between NMO group and normal control group (t=-0.792,1.408,1.735,all P＞0.05).Conclusion1H-MRS shows the decrease of thalamus NAA/Cr that suggesting axon damage in MS patients,but in NMO patients no same result is found.1 H-MRS can reflect the pathological changes of MS and NMO,and improve the differential diagnosis of the two diseases.

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was used to perform archiving and retrospective cases report presentation in resident radiologist standardized training, and the current conven-tional article reviewing case report presentation form was compared. The results showed the scores of quiz and questionnaire of using archiving and retrospective cases report based on PACS were higher than using the current conventional form (P<0.05). This type of case report presentation can improve overall capability of resident radiologist standardized training including imaging diagnose,research and educational skill.

ObjectiveA rapid method for identification of chemical constituents in Puerariae Lobatae Radix dispensing granules was established in order to clarify the material basis. MethodThe chemical constituents of Puerariae Lobatae Radix dispensing granules was qualitatively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） under positive and negative ion modes， and the chromatographic conditions were on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution（B） as mobile phase for gradient elution（0-4 min， 5%-10%B； 4-10 min， 10%-15%B； 10-20 min， 15%-16%B； 20-27 min， 16%-31%B； 27-33 min， 31%-59%B； 33-42 min， 59%-95%B； 42-42.1 min， 95%-5%B； 42.1-45 min， 5%B）， the flow rate was 0.35 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 40 ℃， the injection volume was 5 μL， and electrospray ionization（ESI） was selected. Then these chemical constituents were comprehensively identified based on PeakView 1.2， PubChem， ChemicalBook， ChemSpider， comparative control profiles and literature information. ResultA total of 128 chemical constituents were identified from the dispensing granules， including 60 flavonoids， 26 organic acids， 7 glycosides， 6 coumarins， 3 nucleosides and 26 other compounds. By focusing on the cleavage patterns of flavonoids， organic acids， glycosides， coumarins， nucleosides and other compounds， 12 compounds that have not been reported in Puerariae Lobatae Radix species were identified from the dispensing granules. ConclusionThe established method can systematically and rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Puerariae Lobatae Radix dispensing granules， and cleared it composition is mainly flavonoids and organic acids. Laying a foundation for the study of the material basis， mechanism of action and clinical application of the dispensing granules.