Objective:This study aimed to investigate the expressions of EZH2 and Ki-67 in the salivary adenoid cystic carcino-ma (SACC) of humans and their correlation. Methods:A total of 42 cases of SACC tumor tissues and 5 cases of normal tissues were considered to determine the expressions of EZH2 and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry. The relationship and correlation of such expres-sions with the clinicopathological characteristics were also analyzed. Results:The expression of EZH2 was notably higher in SACC than in normal tissues (P<0.05). EZH2 expression was detected in 66.67%(28/42) of the tumor tissues. This expression was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage. By contrast, EZH2 expression did not correlate with gender, age, and localization. EZH2 was not expressed in normal tissues. The incidence of EZH2 expression in the Ki-67 positive group was 75.76%(25/33) and the incidence in the Ki-67 negative group was 33.33%(3/9). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclu-sion:The increased expression of EZH2 in SACC was related to tumor proliferation. EZH2 may participate in tumor cell proliferation via cell cycle management.

Objective:To investigate the changes of plasma free carnitine (FC) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension and the influence of L-carnitine(L-CN) on plasma FC,blood glucose and blood viscosity. Methods:Plasma FC, blood glucose and blood viscosity were measured in 20 type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension (group 1) and 20 patients with essential hypertension (group 2) before and after they received 3. 0 g/d /,-CN intravenous infusion for ]0 d. Re-sultstlt was observed that plasma FC level was lower in group 1 [(50. 59?13. 41) ?mol/L] than in group 2 [(63. 32? 15. 23) ?mol/L,P

Aim To investigate the effects and signifi-cance of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL1 1 939 on a-mice.Methods Kunming male mice were suffered a-cute acetic acid visceral pain,acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain.After each animal model was es-tablished,MDL1 1 939 was injected intraperitoneally. The writhing reaction was used to assess acute acetic acid visceral pain,while the thermal withdrawal laten-cy (TWL)was used to evaluate the acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain.Results Compared with the control group,MDL1 1 939 (0.25,0.5,1 .0 mg· kg -1 ,i.p.)relieved acetic acid visceral pain signifi-cantly in a dose-dependent manner in mice,as re-vealed by the significant reduction of the number of twisting.In acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain,MDL1 1 939 (0.5 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)significantly increased TWL level.Conclusion 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL1 1 939 has analgesic effects on visceral pain,acute pain and neuropathic pain,which might be a novel therapeutic target to treat different pain in clini-cal situations.

Aim To explore the effects of propofol on learning and memorizing ability and the effects of com-bination of propofol and phenobarbital sodium on epi-leptic rats.Methods Thirty-six epileptic rats were di-vided into epileptic model group (EP),normal saline group (NS),lipid emulsion +epileptic group (LE), phenobarbital sodium +epileptic group (PB),propofol+epileptic pattern (Prof),and combination of propo-fol and phenobarbital sodium +epileptic group.Each group had 6 rats.Tests of Morris water maze were giv-en to the rats to evaluate their learning and memorizing ability.The protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 )was examined by ELISA.Results There were no effects of saline and lipid emulsion on learning and memorizing ability and the expression of TLR4 pro-tein in hippocampus in epileptic rats (P >0.05 ). Propofol could increase the incubation period in epilep-tic rats obviously,shorten the plateau period,and in-crease the expression of TLR4 protein in hippocampus (P <0.05 ).Phenobarbital sodium could shorten the plateau period in epileptic rats,and increase the ex-pression of TLR4 protein in hippocampus (P <0.05), but it had no effect on the incubation period (P >0.05).Compared with PB,combination of propofol and phenobarbital sodium +epileptic group had a lon-ger incubation period and a shorter plateau period with an increase of the expression of TLR4 protein in hippo-campus (P <0.05 ).Compared with propofol group, combination of propofol and phenobarbital sodium +ep-ileptic group had a shorter plateau period (P <0.05) with an obvious increase in the expression of TLR4 pro-tein in hippocampus (P <0.05),but it had no effect on incubation period (P >0.05 ).Conclusions Propofol damages the learning and memorizing ability of epileptic rats.Phenobarbital sodium had no obvious effect on the learning ability in epileptic rats,but harms the memorizing ability in epileptic rats.Combi-nation of propofol and phenobarbital sodium affects the learning and memorizing ability of epileptic rats.Hip-pocampus TLR4 may be involved in the effect of propo-fol and phenobarbital sodium on the learning and mem-orizing ability of epileptic rats.

OBJECTIVETo test whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) could produce bacterial signal molecule, bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and lay the foundation for explorations of its roles in life metabolism and periodontitis immunity of P. gingivalis.

METHODSP. gingivalis standard strain ATCC33277 was used as the experimental strain to extract nucleic acids from the bacteria. Then, c-di-AMP was detected using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Subsequently, HPLC was used to validate the sample further.

RESULTSBased on the signal/noise (S/N) for 3 : 1, the limit of determination of HPLC-MS/MS for peak time of c-di-AMP standard substances was 7.49 min and nucleic acid extractions from P. gingivalis was 8.82 min (S/N > 3). Further confirmation of HPLC showed that nucleic acid extractions from both P. gingivalis and c-di-AMP standard substances pre- sented goal absorbent peaks at 15.7 min, with the same ultraviolet absorbent spectrum.

CONCLUSIONThe nucleic acid extrac- tions from P. gingivalis contained c-di-AMP, which shows that P. gingivalis could produce c-di-AMP.

Objective:To explore the method of establishing a modified demyelination and myelination regeneration model induced by dicyclohexanone oxalyl dihydrazone (CPZ) in mice with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to analyze the image markers of demyelination and myelination regeneration in mouse MS model.Methods:After the intragastrically administered with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) for one week, a total of 30 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into the control group ( n=10), the demyelination group ( n=10), and the remyelination group ( n=10). The mice of the control group were immediately performed MR scanning and pathological specimen obtaining; the mice in the demyelination group were administered with intragastrical CPZ-CMCNa once a day for 6 weeks for inducing demyelination, then received MR scanning and specimen obtaining with the same protocols used in control group; the mice in the remyelination group were administered with intragastrical CPZ-CMCNa once a day for six weeks for demyelination, then CPZ was withdrawn and normal diet was given for another four weeks. Then MR scanning and specimen obtaining were performed with the same protocols used in the other two groups. Regions of interest (ROIs) were set at the rostrum of corpus callosum (rCC), the bilateral normal appearing white matters (NAWM) of the rostrum of corpus callosum, and the bilateral cerebral cortex (Cx). The normalized T 2WI (T 2-normalized), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were compared among the three groups by one-way ANOVA. Results:The demyelination and remyelination mice model of MS were successfully established. The T 2-normalized values of rCC in control group, demyelination group and remyelination group were 0.47±0.03, 0.72±0.04, 0.54±0.04, respectively, with statistically significant difference found ( F=90.511, P<0.05). Post-hoc multiple comparisons showed significant differences among those groups ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference of T 2-normalized value in NAWM and Cx among the three groups ( P>0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in the FA values (0.36±0.04, 0.29±0.03, and 0.32±0.05), the MD values [(0.572±0.015), (0.598±0.034), and (0.626±0.043)×10 -3 mm 2/s], the AD values [(0.79±0.04), (0.77±0.06), and (0.83±0.04)×10 -3 mm 2/s], and the RD values [(0.46±0.02), (0.51±0.03), and (0.53±0.05)×10 -3 mm 2/s] of rCC of the control group, the demyelination group, and the remyelination group (all P<0.05). Significant difference was found in FA values between the demyelination group and the control group ( P<0.05), and in MD values between the remyelination group and the control group ( P<0.05), as well as in AD values between the remyelination group and the demyelination group ( P<0.05). There were also significant differences in RD values between the remyelination group and the control group, and the demyelination group and the control group (all P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in all diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of NAWM and Cx among the three groups (all P>0.05). The LFB-eosin staining showed that the myelin sheath of rCC was lost in the demyelination group, and the rCC was partially regenerated and repaired in the remyelination group. Conclusion:The modified CPZ-CMCNa model can selectively induce demyelination and remyelination of rCC, and the changes of demyelination and remyelination of rCC in the modified CPZ-CMCNa model can be quantitatively detected by T 2WI combined with DTI, which might provide related theoretical basis for the study on dynamic changes of MS lesions.

Objective To investigate the prevalence,missed diagnosis rate and causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized children,and its impact on hospitalization cost,length of stay and outcome.Methods The data of children admitted in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 1st to 31st 2014 were collected,and those whose serum creatinine (Scr) were measured at least two times were selected.Patients were diagnosed as AKI according to the diagnostic criteria of 2012 Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes,then divided into AKI group and non-AKI group,the former of which was further divided into AKI1 group (Scr peak value in normal range) and AKI2 group (Scr peak value above normal range).The causes and impact of AKI on hospitalization cost,length of stay and outcome in different groups were compared and analyzed.Results (1) Among 921 patients with at least two Scr results,170 patients met with the diagnostic criteria of AKI,including 100 males and 70 females.There were 112(65.9％) in AKI stage 1,43(25.3％) in stage 2,and 15(8.8％) in stage 3.The overall prevalence of AKI was 18.5％.With only 7cases getting diagnosed,the diagnostic rate was 4.1％,while 95.9％ of patients missed diagnosis.(2)Among AKI patients,67 cases had pre-renal causes,103 cases had intra-renal causes and mixed factors.100(58.8％) cases got complete recovery,34(20.0％) cases recovered partially and 36(21.2％)cases did not improve,including 4 cases of death.(3) The prevalence of AKI among those below 1-year old was higher than children elder than 1-year (23.0％ vs 15.5％,P=0.004).The prevalence of AKI in surgical ward was higher than medical ward (30.7％ vs 15.8％,P ＜ 0.001).(4) Compared with those in non-AKI group,there was lower age [1.1(0.2,3.5) year vs 2.0(0.3,4.9) year] and higher hospitalization time[12.5(8.0,20.0) d vs 8.0(6.0,11.0) d],hospitalization costs [25 279.2(13 822.8,48 856.7) yuan vs 12 616.9(8680.1,19 345.1) yuan] and mortality (2.4％ vs 0.3％) in AKI group (all P ＜ 0.05).(5) There were 126 cases in AKL group and 44 cases in AKI2 group.The costs of hospitalization,outcome and mortality showed no difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The hospitalization time in AKI2 group was shorter than that in AKL group (P=0.038).Conclusions Among hospitalized children the missed diagnosis rate of AKI is high.Pre-renal factor is the main cause of AKI.Children younger than 1-year old are more susceptible to AKI.AKI children have lower age and higher hospitalization time,hospitalization costs and mortality than non-AKI children.The effect of Scr fluctuation within normal levels needs to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the predicting value of intermedin (IMD) for the prognosis of elderly sepsis patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. Forty-one patients with sepsis, aged ≥65 years, and admitted to geriatrics intensive care unit of Aerospace Center Hospital from April 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled. Thirty healthy patients were studied as control during the same time. The expression of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and IMD were tested within 24 hours during hospitalization, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score and prognosis was evaluated. According to APACHE Ⅱ score, patients were divided into 3 groups, 10-20 score, 21-30 score, and > 30 score group. And based on the prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group. The differences of expression levels of CRP, PCT and IMD in each group were assessed. The relationship of IMD and infection index was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP, PCT and IMD in patients with sepsis.Results Compared with the control group, the levels of CRP, PCT and IMD were significantly higher in the sepsis patients [CRP (mg/L): 114.71±40.08 vs. 4.03±2.68, PCT (μg/L): 1.338±0.812 vs. 0.007±0.001, IMD (ng/L):43.03±9.67 vs. 16.77±2.06, allP < 0.01]. With the increase of APACHE Ⅱ score, the levels of PCT and IMD were gradually increased. In APACHE Ⅱ 10-20 score, 21-30 score, > 30 score groups, PCT (μg/L) were 0.397±0.129, 1.164±0.326, and 1.999±0.888, respectively (F = 19.392,P = 0.000); IMD (ng/L) were 29.12±5.60, 40.48±4.40,52.75±4.73, respectively (F = 33.310,P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in CRP among APACHE Ⅱ score groups (F = 2.137,P = 0.132). The level of IMD was positively correlated with CRP and PCT (r1 = 0.351,P1 = 0.024;r2 = 0.617,P2 = 0.000), and there was no correlation with temperature and white blood cell count (r1 = 0.063,P1 = 0.697;r2 = 0.064,P2 = 0.692). The expression of PCT and IMD in the death groups were significantly higher than the survival group [PCT (μg/L): 1.547±0.883 vs. 1.043±0.608, IMD (ng/L): 47.44±8.23 vs. 36.80±8.13, bothP < 0.05], while CRP was not significantly different. The area under the ROC curve [AUC (95% confidence interval, 95%CI)] of IMD was larger than that of PCT and CRP [0.809 (0.675-0.943) vs. 0.680 (0.511-0.849), 0.664 (0.490-0.838)]; when cut-off value of IMD was 41.58 ng/L, the sensitivity was 75.0% and the specificity was 82.4%.Conclusions The levels of CRP, PCT and IMD were increased in elderly sepsis patients, and IMD and PCT can better reflect the severity of sepsis. IMD is more valuable in predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective To assess the damage of limbic system pathways in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.Methods DTI tractography was used to acquire fiber numbers,fractional anisotropy (FA),mean diffusivity (MD) of cingulum,fornix,and uncinate fasciculus (UF) in 20 RRMS patients (MS group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group),and statistical analysis was performed.Results Compared with control group,lower FA value (P＜0.01) and higher MD value (P＜0.05) were found in cingulum,fornix and UF of MS group,and the fiber numbers of fornix decreased in MS group (P＜0.001).There were significant differences between the left and the right UF in fiber numbers and FA value of control group and the fiber numbers of MS group.Negative correlations were found between FA value of cingulum and UF and EDSS scores in MS group (r=-0.572,-0.665,both P＜0.05),and positive correlations were found between MD value and EDSS scores (r=0.627,0.603,both P＜0.05).Conclusion DTI tractography is valuable in assessing MS associated limbic system damage and in monitoring the clinical progression of the disease.

Aim To explore the effect of activated SK channels(small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels) on morphine-induced hyperalgesia in the spinal cord in mice.Methods Adult C57BL6/N male mice were chosen to establish the model of morphine-hyperalgesia.The changes of tail withdrawal latency(TWL), mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) and the threshold of visceral pain were observed after intrathecal 1-EBIO, the agonist of SK channels.Results Compared with the control group, TWL, MWT and the threshold of visceral pain were decreased after morphine injection.After intrathecal 1-EBIO, the TWL, MWT and visceral pain threshold were increased.The level of spinal membrane SK2 expression in morphine-treated mice was decreased compared with that of control group.After intrathecal 1-EBIO, the level of spinal membrane SK2 expression was increased.Conclusion SK channels in the spinal cord are involved in morphine-induced hyperalgesia in mice.