Objective To evaluate the effects of epidural infusion of different concentrations of lidocaine on the amount of propofol needed to induce anesthesia and the end-tidal isoflurane concentration needed to maintain BIS at 50-55 during operation. Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes (24 males, 21 females) aged 21-60 yrs, weighing 46-77 kg undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 patients in each group : group Ⅰ epidural normal saline ( NS); group Ⅱ epidural 1 % lidocaine (Lido) and group Ⅲ 2 % Lido. An epidural catheter was inserted at T9-10 into epidural space and advanced 3-4 cm cephalad. After a test dose of 3 ml, NS or 1% or 2% Lido 10 ml was injected into the epidural space. Anesthesia was induced with propofol infusion at 25 mg?min-1. Propofol infusion was stopped when the patients stopped responding to loud voice (OAAS/2) and the amount of propofol infused was recorded. Then fentanyl 2 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.15 mg?kg-1 were given i.v. . The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated and PETC02 was maintained at 35 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane inhalation and epidural infusion of Lido or NS at 7 ml?h-1 . BIS was maintained at 50-55 during operation. Results The amount of propofol needed to induce anesthesia was 1.23?0.34 mg?kg-1 in group Ⅱ and 1.02?0.25 mg?kg-1 in group Ⅲ compared to 1.67?0.38 mg?kg-1 in control group (group Ⅰ) (P

To study on the phylogenetic characterization of the VP1 genes of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) causing hand-food-mouth disease (HFMD) isolated from Anhui province in 2014. A total of 413 throat swab specimens from HFMD patients were collected during January to November, 2014 for the isolation and identification of enteroviruses using real-time RT-PCR assays. The VP1 regions of CVA16 isolates were amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced. And the phylogenetic tree was constructed among the VP1 regions of those isolates, the different genotypes and sub-genotypes of CVA16 strains. A total of 97 enteroviruses were isolated from 413 samples, the positive rate was 23.49% (97/413), including seventeen CVA16, seventy six HEV71 and four other enteroviruses. The results of the phylogenetic tree showed that 17.CVA16 strains isolated from Anhui in 2014 clustered within B1b evolution branch of B1 genotype. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities were 95.30%-100% and 98.70%-100% among the isolates, respectively, but within B1b branch of 17 strains formed several small transmission chains. The nucleotide acid of 17 CVA16 isolates in Anhui province were closed to the strains isolated from Yunnan, Hunan, Guangdong, Tibet and Jiangsu, especially from Hunan in 2013 and from Shenzhen of Guangdong in 2014, the identity were 96.40%-99.70%. The CVA16 strains isolated from Anhui in 2014 were all belong to genetic subtype B1b of B1 genotype was dominant, and among those isolates, several small virus transmission chains had formed with co-circulating and evolution.
China ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the experience of treating Budd-Chiari syndrome through orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of LTx performed on 9 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome from December 2003 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. We summarize the preoperative image and surgical experience,and observe the occurrence of postoperative complications and survival. Results Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed in 9 patients by the preoperative abdominal CT enhancement and vascular reconstruction,and cavity venography was done to observe obstruction and sub-type of CAVA vein.All 9 patients were subjected to cadaveric liver transplantation.Eight cases accepted classic non bypass type,and one accepted living related right lobe liver transplantation. Postoperative triple immunosuppressive regimen included tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil,and hormone.The average follow-up periods for all these 9 patients were 32.8 months (13 to 61 months). One patient died from the tumor recurrence at 35th month after the operation.Two patients received re-transplantation for the lost of the graft.One recipient received the donor liver with medium steatosis,and the re-transplantation was performed on the12th day after the first transplantation due to the primary non function of the graft.The other one received the secondary liver transplantation at 6th month after the first transplantation due to the biliary complication and died from the liver tumor recurrence. Among all the 9 cases,seizure disorder (1 case),dysfunction of duodenal papillary muscle (1 case) and small-for-size syndrome (one case) occurred after the operation.Pulmonary infection occurred in 4 cases:3 cases due to the bacterial infection and 1 due to the fungal infection. Neither outflow obstruction nor the recurrence of the Budd-Chiari syndrome occurred in this study.The 1- and 2-year survival rate after the operation was both 100％,and 3-year survival rate post-transplantation was 88.9％ (8/9).Conclusion Liver transplantation can be the ideal treatment to the Budd-Chiari syndrome based on the definite clinical diagnosis,accurate imaging evaluation and eligible modus operandi.

BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation at different intensity, frequency and time on the human body may produce a variety of pathophysiological reactions. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of surface electric-impulse stimulation on heart rhythm and heart rate in mice. METHODS: Thirty Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups, each group contained 10 mice. Electrical stimulation at different voltage, time and frequency was respectively applied to the three groups. The stimulus power was supplied by BL-420F Data Acquisition & Analysis System. The II lead electrocardiogram was recorded. The systemic reactions and local body changes of mice were observed.

Objective To study the genotype and phylogenetic characterization of the pathogens associated to the epidemic outbreak of acute gastroenteritis.Methods A total of 19 anal swab and feces samples from acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a junior middle school were collected in November 2014,Anhui province.Norovirus (NoV) nucleic acid was detected by Real-time PCR method,and the partial capsid gene of the all positive specimens were amplified by conventional RT-PCR and sequenced.Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method based on partial capsid gene sequences of norovirus to perform phylogenetic analysis.Results Of the 19 specimens,12 (12/19) were positive for NoV,and the positive samples of those were sequenced.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 11 strains were belong to genotype GⅡ.2,and one strain was belong to genotype GⅡ.6 norovirus.The nucleotide identity of the partial capsid gene sequences were 95.60％ between 11 genotype GⅡ.2 strains identified and Melksham strain of norovirus.Conclusion The epidemic outbreak of acute gastroenteritis from Anhui province was caused by genotype GⅡ.2 and GⅡ.6 norovirus co-infection,and genotype GⅡ.2 norovirus was predominant strains in this outbreak.

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of antibiotic bone cement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: According to the treatment methods, 18 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (11 males and 7 females, aged 53-79 years), who were conformed to the study criteria and admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017, were enrolled in traditional group; 18 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (11 males and 7 females, aged 55-80 years), who were conformed to the study criteria and admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2018, were enrolled in bone cement group. Wounds of patients in traditional group were treated with vacuum sealing drainage after conventional debridement. Wounds of patients in bone cement group were covered with antibiotic bone cement after conventional debridement. The number of patients with positive bacterial culture in wound exudate in the 2 groups on admission and 3, 6, 9, and 15 days after surgery, the length of hospital stay, the number of operation, and the wound complete healing time were retrospectively recorded. Data were processed with Fisher′s exact probability test and independent sample t test. Results: Compared with (29±10) d and (4.6±1.2) times of patients in traditional group, the length of hospital stay [(9±3) d] of patients was obviously shortened, the number of operation [(1.3±0.6) times] of patients was obviously reduced, the number of patients with positive bacterial culture in wound exudate at each time point post surgery was obviously reduced (t=8.177, 9.896, P<0.05 or P<0.01) in bone cement group. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of patients with positive bacterial culture in wound exudate on admission and wound complete healing time between patients in the 2 groups (t=0.175, P>0.05). Conclusions The antibiotic bone cement treatment of diabetic foot ulcers can reduce the number of patients with positive bacterial culture in wound exudate and the number of operation, as well as shorten the length of hospital stay.

Objective:To understand the genome-wide sequence variation and molecular evolution of coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) strain in Anhui province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenic monitoring and scientific prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease in the future.Methods:Five CVA4 isolates of 2020 were sequenced by first-generation sequencing method. MEGA11.0 was used to construct a phylogenetic tree based on VP1 region for 5 CV-A4 isolates, 32 CV-A4 strains and Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) prototype strain BrCr, and the isolates and enterovirus A (EV-A) prototype strains based on P1, P2 and P3 regions respectively, and DNAStar was used for amino acid sequence comparison in VP1 region. BioEdit7.2 was used for amino acid displacement entropy analysis and amino acid site entropy mapping. SimPlot3.5 and RDP4 were used for recombination analysis of CV-A4 isolate and EV-A prototype representative strains, and DnaSP6 software was used for selection pressure analysis of isolates and reference representative strains.Results:The phylogenetic tree showed that the isolates belonged to the C2 subtype, which belonged to the same clade as the CV-A4 strain circulating in Chinese mainland, and the amino acid sequence homology of the C2 subtype branch was 97.3%-100%, and the isolates had 6 amino acid variation sites compared with the prototype. The selection pressure analysis showed that the CV-A4 strain of the C2 subtype was affected by negative selection pressure, and there were 25 mutagenic sites in the amino acid sequence in the coding region of the displacement entropy analysis, accounting for 1.14%, and the evolution of the strain mainly depended on recombination. Recombination analysis showed that the isolates recombined with a variety of EV-A prototype strains in the P2 and P3 regions, and the recombination section with the CV-A5 prototype strain was longer, especially in the 3A-3C section, and P1 was a relatively conserved region.Conclusions:CV-A4 has frequent recombination events with other EV-A prototype strains in P2 and P3, and the molecular evolution of CV-A4 in Anhui should continue to be closely monitored.

Objective: To analyze the genotype diversity and phylogenetic characterization of norovirus(NoV) in patients with diarrhea from Anhui province. Methods: NoV positive fecal specimens from sentinel hospitals were collected from January, 2016 to December, 2017. The samples were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Positive samples were of randomly selected and amplified by RT-PCR and the products were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method based on partial VP1 gene regions of NoV to perform phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 263 NoV positive samples were genotyped, of which 239 belonged to genogroup II, 24 belonged to genogroup I. Fifty-five positive samples were successfully sequenced. There were 6 NoV GII genotypes, which included GII.2, 3, 4/Sydney_2012, 13, 17 and 21, while NV GII.17 and GII.4 were the dominant genotypes from 2016 to 2017. The predominant genotype was GII.4/Sydney 2012 (47.27%, 26/55), followed by GII.17 (23.64%, 13/55) and GII.2 (14.55%, 8/55). Phylogenetic tree showed that 26 strains belonged to genotype GII.4/Sydney 2012, NoV. The nucleotide homology among the 26 VP1 genes was 97.8% to 100%. Analysis of the partial VP1 genes of 26 strains showed that it shared the highest homology of 98.9% with the strain of GII.4Sydney2012 (GenBank ID: KU720515). However, the prevailing genotype in the Anhui province has shifted on two separate occasions, the GII.17 strain was dominant in 2016, and the GII.4/Sydney 2012 strain was dominant in 2017. Conclusions NoV GII was the major pathogen causing sporadic diarrhea in Anhui province during from 2016 to 2017, the genotypes are widely distributed, and shifted into the two predominant strains.

Objective To understand the infection status and genetic characteristics of Norovirus from foodborne diseases in sentinel hospital of Ma′anshan city. Methods The 911 stool samples and epidemiological data of the patients with foodborne disease were collected from three hospitals of Ma′anshan city during January 2015 to June 2018. The GⅠ and GⅡ Norovirus were detected by real?time reverse transcription PCR. Some of the positive specimens were amplified by conventional reverse transcription PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced for sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results The positive rate of Norovirus was 14.7% (134/911), in which 7 strains were GⅠ, 124 strains were GⅡ and 3 strains were mixed infection. Norovirus can be detected throughout the year, with high positive rate from December to April of the next year [24.4%(20/82)-45.3%(24/53)]. The 78 males (15.5%) and 55 females (13.7%) were positive for Norovirus (χ2=0.58, P=0.448). There was no significant difference in different age groups (χ2=9.55, P=0.089). A total of 79 strains were successfully sequenced, 4 strains were GⅠ group (5.1%), 75 strains were GⅡ group (94.9%). The predominant strains were GⅡ. 17 and GⅡ. 4, aud the number were 35 and 15 respectively. The predominant strains were different in different years. The main strain was GⅡ.17 in 2015 (30, 68.2%),GⅡ.4 in 2016 (5/9) and 2017 (8/16),but GⅡ.3 in 2018 (3/6). Conclusion Norovirus diarrhea was popular in Ma′anshan city throughout the year,especially in winter and spring.Theprevalent strain was GⅡ,genotypes were diversified distribution,the dominant strains were GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.4. The predominant strains were different in different years.

Objective To understand the infection status and genetic characteristics of Norovirus from foodborne diseases in sentinel hospital of Ma′anshan city. Methods The 911 stool samples and epidemiological data of the patients with foodborne disease were collected from three hospitals of Ma′anshan city during January 2015 to June 2018. The GⅠ and GⅡ Norovirus were detected by real?time reverse transcription PCR. Some of the positive specimens were amplified by conventional reverse transcription PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced for sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results The positive rate of Norovirus was 14.7% (134/911), in which 7 strains were GⅠ, 124 strains were GⅡ and 3 strains were mixed infection. Norovirus can be detected throughout the year, with high positive rate from December to April of the next year [24.4%(20/82)-45.3%(24/53)]. The 78 males (15.5%) and 55 females (13.7%) were positive for Norovirus (χ2=0.58, P=0.448). There was no significant difference in different age groups (χ2=9.55, P=0.089). A total of 79 strains were successfully sequenced, 4 strains were GⅠ group (5.1%), 75 strains were GⅡ group (94.9%). The predominant strains were GⅡ. 17 and GⅡ. 4, aud the number were 35 and 15 respectively. The predominant strains were different in different years. The main strain was GⅡ.17 in 2015 (30, 68.2%),GⅡ.4 in 2016 (5/9) and 2017 (8/16),but GⅡ.3 in 2018 (3/6). Conclusion Norovirus diarrhea was popular in Ma′anshan city throughout the year,especially in winter and spring.Theprevalent strain was GⅡ,genotypes were diversified distribution,the dominant strains were GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.4. The predominant strains were different in different years.